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Dietary Manipulations: Advances in Metabolism Disease

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 November 2024 | Viewed by 3587

Special Issue Editors


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Co-Guest Editor
1. CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
2. Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí, 89, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: nutrition; NAFLD; metabolomics; diabetes mellitus; lipidomics; obesity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and atherosclerosis are some of the chronic metabolism diseases that burden our society. Dietary manipulations have been proven to be beneficial as alternatives or complements to traditional pharmacological approaches.

In this Special Issue, entitled “Dietary Manipulations: Advances in Metabolism Disease”, we call for high-quality, original, and novel articles, but also welcome clinical trials and reviews, that share updated information and contribute to generating a complete view of how dietary manipulations lead to the improvement, or resolution, of metabolism diseases. Submissions on the following topics would be welcome:

  • The role of dietary manipulations in groups of patients.
  • Dietary modification effects on a molecular basis.
  • The effects of dietary modifications on gut microbiota.

Dr. Josep Julve
Dr. Joana Rossell
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dietary modifications
  • obesity
  • NAFLD
  • therapeutics
  • obesity

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 8620 KiB  
Article
Peanut Shell Extract Improves Mitochondrial Function in db/db Mice via Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
by Hemalata Deshmukh, Julianna M. Santos, Matthew Bender, Jannette M. Dufour, Jacob Lovett and Chwan-Li Shen
Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 1977; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16131977 - 21 Jun 2024
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows a strong correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. We evaluated the effects of dietary peanut shell extract (PSE) supplementation on mitochondrial function and antioxidative stress/inflammation markers in diabetic mice. Fourteen db/db mice were randomly assigned [...] Read more.
Accumulating evidence shows a strong correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. We evaluated the effects of dietary peanut shell extract (PSE) supplementation on mitochondrial function and antioxidative stress/inflammation markers in diabetic mice. Fourteen db/db mice were randomly assigned to a diabetic group (DM in AIN-93G diet) and a PSE group (1% wt/wt PSE in AIN-93G diet) for 5 weeks. Six C57BL/6J mice were fed with an AIN-93G diet for 5 weeks (control group). Gene and protein expression in the liver, brain, and white adipose tissue (WAT) were determined using qRT-PCR and Immunoblot, respectively. Compared to the control group, the DM group had (i) increased gene and protein expression levels of DRP1 (fission), PINK1 (mitophagy), and TNFα (inflammation) and (ii) decreased gene and protein expression levels of MFN1, MFN2, OPA1 (fusion), TFAM, PGC-1α (biogenesis), NRF2 (antioxidative stress) and IBA1 (microglial activation) in the liver, brain, and WAT of db/db mice. Supplementation of PSE into the diet restored the DM-induced changes in the gene and protein expression of DRP1, PINK1, TNFα, MFN1, MFN2, OPA1, TFAM, PGC-1α, NRF2, and IBA1 in the liver, brain, and WAT of db/db mice. This study demonstrates that PSE supplementation improved mitochondrial function in the brain, liver, and WAT of db/db mice, in part due to suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Manipulations: Advances in Metabolism Disease)
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18 pages, 3835 KiB  
Article
Exogenous Nucleotides Ameliorate Insulin Resistance Induced by Palmitic Acid in HepG2 Cells through the IRS-1/AKT/FOXO1 Pathways
by Lixia Song, Yong Li and Meihong Xu
Nutrients 2024, 16(12), 1801; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121801 - 7 Jun 2024
Viewed by 687
Abstract
Nucleotides (NTs) act as pivotal regulatory factors in numerous biological processes, playing indispensable roles in growth, development, and metabolism across organisms. This study delves into the effects of exogenous NTs on hepatic insulin resistance using palmitic-acid-induced HepG2 cells, administering interventions at three distinct [...] Read more.
Nucleotides (NTs) act as pivotal regulatory factors in numerous biological processes, playing indispensable roles in growth, development, and metabolism across organisms. This study delves into the effects of exogenous NTs on hepatic insulin resistance using palmitic-acid-induced HepG2 cells, administering interventions at three distinct dosage levels of exogenous NTs. The findings underscore that exogenous NT intervention augments glucose consumption in HepG2 cells, modulates the expression of glycogen-synthesis-related enzymes (glycogen synthase kinase 3β and glycogen synthase), and influences glycogen content. Additionally, it governs the expression levels of hepatic enzymes (hexokinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and glucose-6-phosphatase). Moreover, exogenous NT intervention orchestrates insulin signaling pathway (insulin receptor substrate-1, protein kinase B, and forkhead box protein O1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, exogenous NT intervention fine-tunes the expression levels of oxidative stress-related markers (malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, and NADPH oxidase 4) and the expression of inflammation-related nuclear transcription factor (NF-κB). Lastly, exogenous NT intervention regulates the expression levels of glucose transporter proteins (GLUTs). Consequently, exogenous NTs ameliorate insulin resistance in HepG2 cells by modulating the IRS-1/AKT/FOXO1 pathways and regulate glucose consumption, glycogen content, insulin signaling pathways, AMPK activity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory status. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Manipulations: Advances in Metabolism Disease)
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Review

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20 pages, 2347 KiB  
Review
Effect of High-Sucrose Diet on the Occurrence and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy and Dietary Modification Strategies
by Chen Yang, Yifei Yu and Jianhong An
Nutrients 2024, 16(9), 1393; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091393 - 5 May 2024
Viewed by 1718
Abstract
As the most serious of the many worse new pathological changes caused by diabetes, there are many risk factors for the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). They mainly include hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and so on. Among them, hyperglycemia is the most [...] Read more.
As the most serious of the many worse new pathological changes caused by diabetes, there are many risk factors for the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). They mainly include hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and so on. Among them, hyperglycemia is the most critical cause, and plays a vital role in the pathological changes of DR. High-sucrose diets (HSDs) lead to elevated blood glucose levels in vivo, which, through oxidative stress, inflammation, the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cause plenty of pathological damages to the retina and ultimately bring about loss of vision. The existing therapies for DR primarily target the terminal stage of the disease, when irreversible visual impairment has appeared. Therefore, early prevention is particularly critical. The early prevention of DR-related vision loss requires adjustments to dietary habits, mainly by reducing sugar intake. This article primarily discusses the risk factors, pathophysiological processes and molecular mechanisms associated with the development of DR caused by HSDs. It aims to raise awareness of the crucial role of diet in the occurrence and progression of DR, promote timely changes in dietary habits, prevent vision loss and improve the quality of life. The aim is to make people aware of the importance of diet in the occurrence and progression of DR. According to the dietary modification strategies that we give, patients can change their poor eating habits in a timely manner to avoid theoretically avoidable retinopathy and obtain an excellent prognosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Manipulations: Advances in Metabolism Disease)
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