Nutrients

Editorial

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2 pages, 167 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

New Insights into Nutrients for Bone Health and Disease

by Qian Zhang

Nutrients 2023, 15(12), 2648; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15122648 - 6 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1396

Abstract

Bone health includes the health of bone minerals, mass, geometry, and microstructure [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors in Bone Health)

Research

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18 pages, 1065 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Quantitative Diet, Body Composition and Sprint Performance in Female Professional Beach Handball Players

by Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez, Javier Sánchez-Sánchez, María Martínez-Olcina, Manuel Vicente-Martínez, Marcelo Peñaranda-Moraga, Nuria Asencio-Mas, Lucía Gonzálvez-Alvarado, Piotr Matlosz, Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Guillermo Cortés-Roco and Juan Antonio Sánchez-Sáez

Nutrients 2023, 15(1), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010138 - 28 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2727

Abstract

Women’s elite sports have experienced an exponential increase in the last decade, as has beach handball (BH). The high demands of this sport mean that athletes need to be in superior physical condition, so nutrition and body composition are determining factors in their [...] Read more.

Women’s elite sports have experienced an exponential increase in the last decade, as has beach handball (BH). The high demands of this sport mean that athletes need to be in superior physical condition, so nutrition and body composition are determining factors in their sporting performance. For this reason, the aim of this study was to analyze, compare and correlate the most relevant variables of food intake (quantitative), body composition (focus on the bone mass characteristics) and sprint performance in female professional BH players. Thirty-three women from the National Spanish Team participated in this study. Dietary assessment, anthropometric measurements and sprint tests were performed. In general, the players had a low carbohydrate intake and adequate protein intake, with no significant differences depending on the category and playing position. For senior players, positive correlations were found between protein intake and bone mass (r = 0.584, p = 0.022), polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and muscle mass (r = 0.387, p = 0.026) and finally between fat mass and animal protein intake (r = 0.569, p = 0.027). Body composition was similar in both categories; however, goalkeepers had the highest fat (22.6 ± 3.86%, 16.2 ± 4.84 kg) component (vs. wings: 17.4 ± 3.53%, p = 0.031/vs. specialists: 11.1 ± 1.91 kg, p = 0.034), and senior players had higher muscle mass (kilograms). It is worth noting the finding that players with a greater trochanter height had significantly lower sprint times (p = 0.014 and p = 0.048 for 5 and 10 m, respectively). Certain bone characteristics, such as iliospinale height, biacromial and bimalleolar diameters, mesosternal perimeter and biceps skinfold, differ depending on the position. In addition, the greater speed of the senior players may be due to the greater specialization, number of training sessions performed and specific bone characteristics, such as trochanter height. In this regard, the data provided in this study will assist with establishing criteria for the selection of talent for this sporting discipline. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors in Bone Health)

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10 pages, 263 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bone Strength of the Calcaneus Is Associated with Dietary Calcium Intake in Older Japanese Men, but Not Women

by Keita Suzuki, Hiromasa Tsujiguchi, Akinori Hara, Sakae Miyagi, Thao Thi Thu Nguyen, Yasuhiro Kambayashi, Yukari Shimizu, Fumihiko Suzuki, Chie Takazawa, Masaharu Nakamura, Hirohito Tsuboi, Takayuki Kannon, Atsushi Tajima and Hiroyuki Nakamura

Nutrients 2022, 14(24), 5225; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245225 - 8 Dec 2022

Viewed by 1945

Abstract

The relationship between calcium intake and bone strength in older Asian individuals, including Japanese, is controversial; therefore, we herein investigated this relationship in older Japanese populations. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 314 participants older than 65 years who voluntarily participated in a [...] Read more.

The relationship between calcium intake and bone strength in older Asian individuals, including Japanese, is controversial; therefore, we herein investigated this relationship in older Japanese populations. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 314 participants older than 65 years who voluntarily participated in a medical examination and responded to questionnaires. The osteo-sono assessment index (OSI) measured at the right calcaneus using a quantitative ultrasonic device was used as an indicator of bone strength. The daily dietary intake of calcium was assessed using a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. A two-way analysis of covariance revealed a significant interaction between sex and calcium intake on the OSI (p < 0.01). A multiple regression analysis showed a positive correlation between calcium intake and the OSI in males (p < 0.01), but not females (p = 0.27). In females, grip strength divided by body weight positively correlated with the OSI (p = 0.04). The present results suggest that a higher calcium intake contributes to bone strength in older Japanese males. Although a higher grip strength may contribute to bone strength in females, the potential of estrogen as a confounding factor needs to be considered. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors in Bone Health)

14 pages, 11950 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimal Serum 25(OH)D Level and Vitamin D Intake in Young Korean Women

by Hye Ran Shin, Hyeon Ju Park and Sun Yung Ly

Nutrients 2022, 14(22), 4845; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224845 - 16 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1575

Abstract

Vitamin D status is essential for preventing bone disease. Young Korean women have the highest vitamin D deficiency prevalence compared with other demographic groups. This study aimed to establish the optimal vitamin D intake level for maintaining an adequate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) [...] Read more.

Vitamin D status is essential for preventing bone disease. Young Korean women have the highest vitamin D deficiency prevalence compared with other demographic groups. This study aimed to establish the optimal vitamin D intake level for maintaining an adequate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level by season in young Korean women (mean age: 23.1 years). Each participant (wintertime, n = 101; summertime, n = 117) completed a lifestyle survey, dietary record, bone mineral density, and biochemical tests. Seasonal factors impacting 25(OH)D were identified, vitamin D intake for sufficient 25(OH)D levels was calculated, and the relationship between 25(OH)D and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) was analyzed. During summertime, 25(OH)D levels were higher than in wintertime (17.9 vs. 15.0 ng/mL). A 1 µg/1000 kcal increase in vitamin D intake increased 25(OH)D levels by 0.170 ng/mL in wintertime and 0.149 ng/mL in summertime. iPTH levels reached a theoretical plateau corresponding to an 18.4 ng/mL 25(OH)D level. The vitamin D intake threshold for maintaining 25(OH)D levels at ≥20 and ≥18.4 ng/mL was ≥10.97 μg/day. For a sufficient level of 25(OH)D in young Korean women, increasing summertime UV irradiation time and increasing vitamin D supplements and vitamin D-containing foods throughout the year is beneficial. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors in Bone Health)

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11 pages, 298 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Urinary and Daily Assumption of Polyphenols and Hip-Fracture Risk: Results from the InCHIANTI Study

by Raffaello Pellegrino, Roberto Paganelli, Stefania Bandinelli, Antonio Cherubini, Cristina Andrés-Lacueva, Angelo Di Iorio, Eleonora Sparvieri, Raul Zamora-Ros and Luigi Ferrucci

Nutrients 2022, 14(22), 4754; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224754 - 10 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1490

Abstract

A high polyphenol intake has been associated with higher bone-mineral density. In contrast, we recently demonstrated that the urinary levels of these micronutrients were associated with the long-term accelerated deterioration of the bone. To expand on the health consequences of these findings, we [...] Read more.

A high polyphenol intake has been associated with higher bone-mineral density. In contrast, we recently demonstrated that the urinary levels of these micronutrients were associated with the long-term accelerated deterioration of the bone. To expand on the health consequences of these findings, we assessed the association between urinary level and dietary intake of polyphenols and the 9-year risk of hip fractures in the InCHIANTI study cohort. The InCHIANTI study enrolled representative samples from two towns in Tuscany, Italy. Baseline data were collected in 1998 and at follow-up visits in 2001, 2004, and 2007. Of the 1453 participants enrolled at baseline, we included 817 participants in this study who were 65 years or older at baseline, donated a 24 hour urine sample, and underwent a quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT) of the tibia. Fracture events were ascertained by self-report over 9 years of follow-up. Thirty-six hip fractures were reported over the 9-year follow-up. The participants who developed a hip fracture were slightly older, more frequently women, had a higher dietary intake of polyphenols, had higher 24-hour urinary polyphenols excretion, and had a lower fat area, muscle density, and cortical volumetric Bone Mineral Density (vBMD) in the pQCT of the tibia. In logistic regression analyses, the baseline urinary excretion of total polyphenols, expressed in mg as a gallic acid equivalent, was associated with a higher risk of developing a hip fracture. Dietary intake of polyphenols was not associated with a differential risk of fracture. In light of our findings, the recommendation of an increase in dietary polyphenols for osteoporosis prevention should be considered with caution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors in Bone Health)

13 pages, 785 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Uric Acid Levels Are Associated with Bone Mineral Density in Mexican Populations: A Longitudinal Study

by Karina Robles-Rivera, Anna D. Argoty-Pantoja, Alberto Hidalgo-Bravo, Amado D. Quezada-Sánchez, Guadalupe León-Reyes, Yvonne N. Flores, Jorge Salmerón, Rafael Velázquez-Cruz and Berenice Rivera-Paredez

Nutrients 2022, 14(20), 4245; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204245 - 12 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1506

Abstract

Background: Inconsistent epidemiological evidence between uric acid (UA) and bone mineral density (BMD) has been observed. Therefore, we evaluated the association between UA and BMD in Mexican adults. Methods: This analysis was conducted on 1423 participants from the Health Workers Cohort Study. We [...] Read more.

Background: Inconsistent epidemiological evidence between uric acid (UA) and bone mineral density (BMD) has been observed. Therefore, we evaluated the association between UA and BMD in Mexican adults. Methods: This analysis was conducted on 1423 participants from the Health Workers Cohort Study. We explored cross-sectional associations using linear regression and longitudinal associations using fixed-effects linear regression by sex and age groups (<45 and ≥45 years). Results: In females <45 years old, the cross-sectional analysis showed that UA levels were positively associated with total hip BMD. However, in the longitudinal analysis, we observed a negative association with the femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD. In contrast, in males <45 years old, we found an increase in total hip and femoral neck BMD in the groups with high levels of UA in the longitudinal association. On the other hand, in females ≥45 years old, we observed a longitudinal association between UA and loss of BMD at different sites. We did not observe an association between UA levels and BMD in males ≥45 years old. Conclusions: Our results suggest higher serum UA levels are associated with low BMD at different skeletal sites in Mexican females. Further studies are needed to delineate the underlying mechanisms behind this observation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors in Bone Health)

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18 pages, 2536 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vitamin K-Dependent Carboxylation of Osteocalcin in Bone—Ally or Adversary of Bone Mineral Status in Rats with Experimental Chronic Kidney Disease?

by Marta Ziemińska, Dariusz Pawlak, Beata Sieklucka, Katarzyna Chilkiewicz and Krystyna Pawlak

Nutrients 2022, 14(19), 4082; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194082 - 1 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1866

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) commonly occurs with vitamin K (VK) deficiency and impaired bone mineralization. However, there are no data explaining the metabolism of endogenous VK and its role in bone mineralization in CKD. In this study, we measured serum levels of phylloquinone [...] Read more.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) commonly occurs with vitamin K (VK) deficiency and impaired bone mineralization. However, there are no data explaining the metabolism of endogenous VK and its role in bone mineralization in CKD. In this study, we measured serum levels of phylloquinone (VK1), menaquinone 4 and 7 (MK4, MK7), and VK-dependent proteins: osteocalcin, undercarboxylated osteocalcin (Glu-OC), and undercarboxylated matrix Gla protein (ucMGP). The carboxylated osteocalcin (Gla-OC), Glu-OC, and the expression of genes involved in VK cycle were determined in bone. The obtained results were juxtaposed with the bone mineral status of rats with CKD. The obtained results suggest that the reduced VK1 level observed in CKD rats may be caused by the accelerated conversion of VK1 to the form of menaquinones. The bone tissue possesses all enzymes, enabling the conversion of VK1 to menaquinones and VK recycling. However, in the course of CKD with hyperparathyroidism, the intensified osteoblastogenesis causes the generation of immature osteoblasts with impaired mineralization. The particular clinical significance seems to have a finding that serum osteocalcin and Glu-OC, commonly used biomarkers of VK deficiency, could be inappropriate in CKD conditions, whereas Gla-OC synthesized in bone appears to have an adverse impact on bone mineral status in this model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors in Bone Health)

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11 pages, 2171 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of the Coincidence of Osteoporosis, Fracture, Arthritis Histories, and DEXA T-Score between Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins: A Cross-Sectional Study Using KoGES HTS Data

by Hyo Geun Choi, So Young Kim, Bong Cheol Kwon, Ho Suk Kang, Hyun Lim, Joo-Hee Kim, Ji Hee Kim, Seong Jin Cho, Eun Sook Nam, Kyueng Whan Min, Ha Young Park, Nan Young Kim, Younghee Choi and Mi Jung Kwon

Nutrients 2022, 14(18), 3836; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183836 - 16 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2106

Abstract

We explored the genetic and environmental inter-relationships among osteoporosis, fracture, arthritis, and bone mineral density concordance in monozygotic twins compared to those in dizygotic twins. This cross-sectional research assessed data of 1032 monozygotic and 242 dizygotic twin pairs aged >20 years included in [...] Read more.

We explored the genetic and environmental inter-relationships among osteoporosis, fracture, arthritis, and bone mineral density concordance in monozygotic twins compared to those in dizygotic twins. This cross-sectional research assessed data of 1032 monozygotic and 242 dizygotic twin pairs aged >20 years included in the Healthy Twin Study data of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study between 2005 and 2014. Outcomes of interest included illness concordance and absolute differences in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) T-scores. We found comparable concordances of osteoporosis, fractures, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis between monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Medical histories of osteoporosis, fractures caused by accident or falling, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis were not distinct between monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Accidental fracture occurrence in both monozygotic twins showed significantly lower odds than that in dizygotic twins. Genetic influence on liability to fracture risk might thus be maintained. DEXA T-scores for bone mineral density indicated more comparable tendencies within monozygotic twin pairs than within dizygotic ones, suggesting the relative importance of genetic contribution to bone mineral density. The relative importance of genetic factors in bone mineral density is sustained between monozygotic twins; overt disease expression of osteoporosis, fractures, or arthritis may be affected by environmental factors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors in Bone Health)

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18 pages, 4304 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Friedelin Alleviates the Pathogenesis of Collagenase-Induced Tendinopathy in Mice by Promoting the Selective Autophagic Degradation of p65

by Huaji Jiang, Xuemei Lin, Wei Liang, Yiqiang Li and Xiao Yu

Nutrients 2022, 14(8), 1673; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14081673 - 18 Apr 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2769

Abstract

With the development of an aging population, tendinopathy has become a common musculoskeletal disease in the elderly with a high recurrence rate and no curative treatment. The inflammation mediated by NF-κB signaling plays an important role in tendon senescence and degeneration. Friedelin (FR) [...] Read more.

With the development of an aging population, tendinopathy has become a common musculoskeletal disease in the elderly with a high recurrence rate and no curative treatment. The inflammation mediated by NF-κB signaling plays an important role in tendon senescence and degeneration. Friedelin (FR) is a triterpenoid derived from green plants, which has a variety of pharmacological functions, such as analgesia, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and anti-tumor functions. However, the role and mechanism of FR in tendinopathy are unclear. Here, we found that FR improved the mechanical strength of the Achilles tendon, restored the orderly arrangement of collagen fibers, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, and promoted tenogenesis, thereby blocking the progression of tendinopathy. Mechanistically, FR promoted the autophagic degradation of p65 by enhancing the interaction between p62 and p65 and effectively inhibited the activation of the NF-κB pathway, thus alleviating the inflammatory response of tenocytes. In addition, FR recruited E3 ubiquitin enzyme RNF182 to increase the K48-linked ubiquitination of p65 and promoted p62-mediated autophagic degradation. Furthermore, blocking ubiquitination reversed the degradation of p65 by FR. Therefore, these findings identify the new pharmacological mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of FR and provide a new candidate drug for the treatment of tendinopathy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors in Bone Health)

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Review

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19 pages, 1152 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Scoping Review of the Skeletal Effects of Naringenin

by Muhamed Lahtif Nor Muhamad, Sophia Ogechi Ekeuku, Sok-Kuan Wong and Kok-Yong Chin

Nutrients 2022, 14(22), 4851; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224851 - 16 Nov 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2741

Abstract

Background: Osteoporosis is caused by the deterioration of bone density and microstructure, resulting in increased fracture risk. It transpires due to an imbalanced skeletal remodelling process favouring bone resorption. Various natural compounds can positively influence the skeletal remodelling process, of which naringenin is [...] Read more.

Background: Osteoporosis is caused by the deterioration of bone density and microstructure, resulting in increased fracture risk. It transpires due to an imbalanced skeletal remodelling process favouring bone resorption. Various natural compounds can positively influence the skeletal remodelling process, of which naringenin is a candidate. Naringenin is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound found in citrus fruits and grapefruit. This systematic review aims to present an overview of the available evidence on the skeletal protective effects of naringenin. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Scopus databases in August 2022. Original research articles using cells, animals, or humans to investigate the bone protective effects of naringenin were included. Results: Sixteen eligible articles were included in this review. The existing evidence suggested that naringenin enhanced osteoblastogenesis and bone formation through BMP-2/p38MAPK/Runx2/Osx, SDF-1/CXCR4, and PI3K/Akt/c-Fos/c-Jun/AP-1 signalling pathways. Naringenin also inhibited osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by inhibiting inflammation and the RANKL pathway. Conclusions: Naringenin enhances bone formation while suppressing bone resorption, thus achieving its skeletal protective effects. It could be incorporated into the diet through fruit intake or supplements to prevent bone loss. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors in Bone Health)

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27 pages, 2243 KiB

Open AccessReview

Lipid Metabolism in Cartilage Development, Degeneration, and Regeneration

by Zhanpeng Su, Zhixian Zong, Jinxia Deng, Jianping Huang, Guihua Liu, Bo Wei, Liao Cui, Gang Li, Huan Zhong and Sien Lin

Nutrients 2022, 14(19), 3984; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14193984 - 25 Sep 2022

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 5630

Abstract

Lipids affect cartilage growth, injury, and regeneration in diverse ways. Diet and metabolism have become increasingly important as the prevalence of obesity has risen. Proper lipid supplementation in the diet contributes to the preservation of cartilage function, whereas excessive lipid buildup is detrimental [...] Read more.

Lipids affect cartilage growth, injury, and regeneration in diverse ways. Diet and metabolism have become increasingly important as the prevalence of obesity has risen. Proper lipid supplementation in the diet contributes to the preservation of cartilage function, whereas excessive lipid buildup is detrimental to cartilage. Lipid metabolic pathways can generate proinflammatory substances that are crucial to the development and management of osteoarthritis (OA). Lipid metabolism is a complicated metabolic process involving several regulatory systems, and lipid metabolites influence different features of cartilage. In this review, we examine the current knowledge about cartilage growth, degeneration, and regeneration processes, as well as the most recent research on the significance of lipids and their metabolism in cartilage, including the extracellular matrix and chondrocytes. An in-depth examination of the involvement of lipid metabolism in cartilage metabolism will provide insight into cartilage metabolism and lead to the development of new treatment techniques for metabolic cartilage damage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors in Bone Health)

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