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Dietary Patterns on Improving Cardiometabolic and Cognitive Health

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2023) | Viewed by 19569

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kenneth Ka-Hei Lo

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Guest Editor

Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Interests: dietary pattern; nutritional epidemiology; cardiometabolic diseases; cognitive health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Fangfang Zeng

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Guest Editor

Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510086, China
Interests: nutrition epidemiology; metabolic diseases; gut microbiota; dietary pattern

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Population ageing is related to the increasing disease burden worldwide, including cardiometabolic diseases (e.g., diabetes, cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome) and cognitive decline (e.g., mild cognitive impairment and dementia). Although improving dietary intake is the main target of lifestyle modification, many studies have focused on the relationship between single dietary factors and disease prevention. On the contrary, emerging evidence has suggested that dietary patterns may explain the interactions between different foods and food components.

The objective of this proposed Special Issue on ‘Dietary Patterns on Improving Cardiometabolic and Cognitive Health’ is to publish selected papers that detail the established or culturally specific dietary patterns that could play a role in improving cardiometabolic and cognitive health, both in the general population and in at-risk individuals. This Special Issue welcomes multiple types of human studies, namely observational studies, intervention studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Submissions that deal with the role of different dietary patterns in cardiometabolic and cognitive health, in addition to contributions that address their mechanisms of actions, e.g., through metabolomics or brain–gut interactions, are welcome.

Dr. Kenneth Ka-Hei Lo
Dr. Fangfang Zeng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

dietary pattern
Mediterranean diet
DASH diet
MIND diet
cardiometabolic
cognition
metabolomics
gut microbiota

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 431 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Differences in Dietary Intake, Eating Occasion Timings and Eating Windows between Chronotypes in Adults Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

by Stanislava S. Katsarova, Emma Redman, Franciskos Arsenyadis, Emer M. Brady, Alex V. Rowlands, Charlotte L. Edwardson, Louise M. Goff, Kamlesh Khunti, Thomas Yates, Andrew P. Hall, Melanie J. Davies and Joseph Henson

Nutrients 2023, 15(18), 3868; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15183868 - 5 Sep 2023

Viewed by 3265

Abstract

Chronotype studies investigating dietary intake, eating occasions (EO) and eating windows (EW) are sparse in people with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This analysis reports data from the CODEC study. The Morningness-Eveningness questionnaire (MEQ) assessed chronotype preference. Diet diaries assessed dietary intake and temporal distribution. Regression analysis assessed whether dietary intake, EW, or EO differed by chronotype. 411 participants were included in this analysis. There were no differences in energy, macronutrient intake or EW between chronotypes. Compared to evening chronotypes, morning and intermediate chronotypes consumed 36.8 (95% CI: 11.1, 62.5) and 20.9 (95% CI: −2.1, 44.1) fewer milligrams of caffeine per day, respectively. Evening chronotypes woke up over an hour and a half later than morning (01:36 95% CI: 01:09, 02:03) and over half an hour later than intermediate chronotypes (00:45 95% CI: 00:21; 01:09. Evening chronotypes went to sleep over an hour and a half later than morning (01:48 95% CI: 01:23; 02:13) and an hour later than intermediate chronotypes (01:07 95% CI: 00:45; 01:30). Evening chronotypes’ EOs and last caffeine intake occurred later but relative to their sleep timings. Future research should investigate the impact of chronotype and dietary temporal distribution on glucose control to optimise T2DM interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns on Improving Cardiometabolic and Cognitive Health)

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15 pages, 669 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Dietary Intake in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment

by Shih-Wei Nien, I-Hsin Lin, Hsiu-Chuan Wu, Yi-Hsiu Chen and Suh-Ching Yang

Nutrients 2023, 15(17), 3694; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173694 - 23 Aug 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1894

Abstract

The phase of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) holds significant importance for postponing the onset of dementia. Therefore, MCI has become a central focus in research related to dementia prevention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary intake and dietary patterns of MCI patients in Taiwan. In total, 40 subjects were enrolled in this cross-sectional study that was conducted from July 2019 to September 2021 at the Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. The results of the clinical dementia rating (CDR) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) were obtained from medical records. Participants were divided into two groups: a healthy group (MMSE ≥ 26 points, CDR = 0) and an MCI group (MMSE ≥ 26 points, CDR = 0.5). Results indicated that the MCI group had significantly higher copper and lower low-fat meat intake compared to the healthy group. Furthermore, the high MIND (Mediterranean dietary approaches to stop hypertension intervention for neurodegenerative delay) diet score represented a lower risk of MCI. After adjusting for age, gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and calorie intake in the multivariate regression analysis, calcium and fruit intake levels were positively associated with the MMSE, whereas low-fat meat intake was negatively associated with the CDR. In conclusion, the prevalence of MCI demonstrated a close correlation with nutrient intake, including copper and calcium. Furthermore, a MIND diet, particularly one high in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, might be useful for preventing MCI. However, more extensive research with larger populations is needed to confirm this potential. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns on Improving Cardiometabolic and Cognitive Health)

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Review

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19 pages, 4443 KiB

Open AccessReview

Ketogenic Diet and Multiple Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analysis

by Shiyun Chen, Xin Su, Yonghui Feng, Ruojie Li, Minqi Liao, Laina Fan, Jiazi Liu, Shasha Chen, Shiwen Zhang, Jun Cai, Sui Zhu, Jianxiang Niu, Yanbin Ye, Kenneth Lo and Fangfang Zeng

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4161; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194161 - 27 Sep 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5815

Abstract

Numerous studies have examined the effects of ketogenic diets (KD) on health-related outcomes through meta-analyses. However, the presence of biases may compromise the reliability of conclusions. Therefore, we conducted an umbrella review to collate and appraise the strength of evidence on the efficacy of KD interventions. We conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database until April 2023 to identify meta-analyses that investigated the treatment effects of KD for multiple health conditions, which yielded 23 meta-analyses for quantitative analyses. The evidence suggests that KD could increase the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), the respiratory exchange rate (RER), and could decrease total testosterone and testosterone levels (all p-random effects: <0.05). The combination of KD and physical activity can significantly reduce body weight and increase the levels of LDL-C and cortisol. In addition, KD was associated with seizure reduction in children, which can be explained by the ketosis state as induced by the diet. Furthermore, KD demonstrated a better alleviation effect in refractory childhood epilepsy, in terms of median effective rates for seizure reduction of ≥50%, ≥90%, and seizure freedom. However, the strength of evidence supporting the aforementioned associations was generally weak, thereby challenging their credibility. Consequently, future studies should prioritize stringent research protocols to ascertain whether KD interventions with longer intervention periods hold promise as a viable treatment option for various diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns on Improving Cardiometabolic and Cognitive Health)

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34 pages, 789 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Plant-Based Diets and Lipid, Lipoprotein, and Inflammatory Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of Observational and Interventional Studies

by Patrick S. Elliott, Soraeya S. Kharaty and Catherine M. Phillips

Nutrients 2022, 14(24), 5371; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245371 - 17 Dec 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 7727

Abstract

Plant-based diets (PBDs) are becoming increasingly popular. Thus far, the literature has focused on their association with lipid profiles, with less investigation of lipoprotein and inflammatory profiles. Because pro-atherogenic lipid, lipoprotein, and inflammatory processes may facilitate the development of atherosclerosis, understanding the relation between PBDs and these processes is important to inform risk mitigation strategies. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to review the literature on PBDs and lipid, lipoprotein, and inflammatory biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A structured literature search was performed, retrieving 752 records, of which 43 articles were included. Plant-based diets generally associated with favourable lipid and lipoprotein profiles, characterised by decreased total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B concentrations, and less low-grade inflammation, characterised by decreased C-reactive protein concentrations. Effect sizes from PBD interventions were greatest compared to habitual dietary patterns, and for non-low-fat vegan and tightly controlled dietary interventions. Associations between PBD indices and the reviewed biomarkers were less consistent. Findings are discussed with reference to the literature on PBDs and PBD indices and CVD risk, the associations between specific plant food groups and CVD outcomes and the reviewed biomarker outcomes, and the potential mechanisms underpinning associations between PBDs and reduced CVD risk. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns on Improving Cardiometabolic and Cognitive Health)

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