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The Many Roles of Vitamin D in Bones, Muscle, Adipose Tissue and Metabolism

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Micronutrients and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 February 2024) | Viewed by 15363

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Prof. Dr. Jenny Gunton

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Guest Editor

1. Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
2. Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Interests: diabetes; obesity; vitamin D; vitamin C

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The important role of vitamin D in bones, muscle, adipose tissue, and metabolism is increasingly well recognised.

Vitamin D is crucial for the regulation of whole-body calcium handling, bone health, and normal muscle size and function. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with common chronic diseases such as osteoporosis, sarcopenia, cardiovascular disease, etc. A recent large study shows that decreased vitamin D is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality. Thus, studying the relationship between vitamin D and metabolism is important.

This Special Issue will collect both original research and reviews on vitamin D and human health, such as bone health, muscle health, adipose tissue, metabolism, exercise, etc.

Prof. Dr. Jenny Gunton
Guest Editor

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Keywords

vitamin D
bone
muscle
metabolism
adipose tissue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 524 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vitamin D Inadequacy and Its Relation to Body Fat and Muscle Mass in Adult Women of Childbearing Age

by Paula Moreira Magalhães, Sabrina Pereira da Cruz, Orion Araújo Carneiro, Michelle Teixeira Teixeira and Andréa Ramalho

Nutrients 2024, 16(9), 1267; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091267 - 25 Apr 2024

Viewed by 1054

Abstract

To assess the correlation between vitamin D status and body composition variables in adult women of childbearing age, a cross-sectional study was conducted involving women aged 20–49 years. The participants were categorized based on their vitamin D status and further divided according to body mass index (BMI). Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected to compute body composition indices, specifically body fat and muscle mass. The sample included 124 women, with 63.70% exhibiting vitamin D inadequacy. Women with inadequate vitamin D status demonstrated a higher waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body adiposity index (BAI), along with a lower BMI-adjusted muscle mass index (SMI _BMI), compared to those with adequate levels of vitamin D (p = 0.021; p = 0.019; and p = 0.039, respectively). A positive correlation was observed between circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D and SMI _BMI, while a negative correlation existed between circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D and waist circumference (WC), WHtR, conicity index (CI), fat mass index (FMI), body fat percentage (% BF), and fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR). These findings suggest that inadequate vitamin D status may impact muscle tissue and contribute to higher body adiposity, including visceral adiposity. It is recommended that these variables be incorporated into clinical practice, with a particular emphasis on WHtR and SMI _BMI, to mitigate potential metabolic consequences associated with vitamin D inadequacy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Many Roles of Vitamin D in Bones, Muscle, Adipose Tissue and Metabolism)

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9 pages, 1084 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Vitamin D Deficiency on Sepsis

by Hyeri Seok, Jooyun Kim, Won Suk Choi and Dae Won Park

Nutrients 2023, 15(20), 4309; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15204309 - 10 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1508

Abstract

A prospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin D deficiency on sepsis. A total of 129 patients were enrolled. The median age was 74 years old, with a median SOFA score of 7; septic shock was observed in 60 patients. The median vitamin D level in the overall population was 13 ng/mL. A total of 96 patients had vitamin D deficiency, whereas 62 patients were described to have severe vitamin D deficiency. Severe vitamin D deficiency significantly increased the 14-day mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.57; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–6.43; p = 0.043), 28-day mortality (aHR 2.28; 95% CI: 1.17–4.45; p = 0.016), and in-hospital mortality (aHR 2.11; 95% CI: 1.02–4.36; p = 0.044). In Kaplan–Meier analysis, the severe vitamin D deficiency group had significantly higher 14-day and 28-day mortality rates compared with the non-deficient group. Evaluating the vitamin D levels in sepsis patients may become necessary in an aging society. Severe vitamin D deficiency can independently affect poor prognosis related to sepsis. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether vitamin D supplementation in sepsis patients with vitamin D deficiency can help improve the prognosis of sepsis in addition to improving bone mineral metabolism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Many Roles of Vitamin D in Bones, Muscle, Adipose Tissue and Metabolism)

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Review

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29 pages, 1979 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Vitamin D in Skeletal Muscle Repair and Regeneration in Animal Models and Humans: A Systematic Review

by Miguel Agoncillo, Josephine Yu and Jenny E. Gunton

Nutrients 2023, 15(20), 4377; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15204377 - 16 Oct 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3208

Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency, prevalent worldwide, is linked to muscle weakness, sarcopenia, and falls. Muscle regeneration is a vital process that allows for skeletal muscle tissue maintenance and repair after injury. PubMed and Web of Science were used to search for studies published prior to May 2023. We assessed eligible studies that discussed the relationship between vitamin D, muscle regeneration in this review. Overall, the literature reports strong associations between vitamin D and skeletal myocyte size, and muscle regeneration. In vitro studies in skeletal muscle cells derived from mice and humans showed vitamin D played a role in regulating myoblast growth, size, and gene expression. Animal studies, primarily in mice, demonstrate vitamin D’s positive effects on skeletal muscle function, such as improved grip strength and endurance. These studies encompass vitamin D diet research, genetically modified models, and disease-related mouse models. Relatively few studies looked at muscle function after injury, but these also support a role for vitamin D in muscle recovery. The human studies have also reported that vitamin D deficiency decreases muscle grip strength and gait speed, especially in the elderly population. Finally, human studies reported the benefits of vitamin D supplementation and achieving optimal serum vitamin D levels in muscle recovery after eccentric exercise and surgery. However, there were no benefits in rotator cuff injury studies, suggesting that repair mechanisms for muscle/ligament tears may be less reliant on vitamin D. In summary, vitamin D plays a crucial role in skeletal muscle function, structural integrity, and regeneration, potentially offering therapeutic benefits to patients with musculoskeletal diseases and in post-operative recovery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Many Roles of Vitamin D in Bones, Muscle, Adipose Tissue and Metabolism)

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15 pages, 726 KiB

Open AccessReview

Vitamin D in Diabetes: Uncovering the Sunshine Hormone’s Role in Glucose Metabolism and Beyond

by Jie Wu, Annette Atkins, Michael Downes and Zong Wei

Nutrients 2023, 15(8), 1997; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15081997 - 21 Apr 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 7958

Abstract

Over the last decades, epidemiology and functional studies have started to reveal a pivotal role of vitamin D in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Acting through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), vitamin D regulates insulin secretion in pancreatic islets and insulin sensitivity in multiple peripheral metabolic organs. In vitro studies and both T1D and T2D animal models showed that vitamin D can improve glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin secretion, reducing inflammation, reducing autoimmunity, preserving beta cell mass, and sensitizing insulin action. Conversely, vitamin D deficiency has been shown relevant in increasing T1D and T2D incidence. While clinical trials testing the hypothesis that vitamin D improves glycemia in T2D have shown conflicting results, subgroup and meta-analyses support the idea that raising serum vitamin D levels may reduce the progression from prediabetes to T2D. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of vitamin D in insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and immunity, as well as the observational and interventional human studies investigating the use of vitamin D as a treatment for diabetes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Many Roles of Vitamin D in Bones, Muscle, Adipose Tissue and Metabolism)

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Other

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9 pages, 368 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Vitamin D and Insulin-Dependent Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials

by Yuval Dadon, Lior Hecht Sagie, Francis B. Mimouni, Iris Arad and Joseph Mendlovic

Nutrients 2024, 16(7), 1042; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16071042 - 3 Apr 2024

Viewed by 1001

Abstract

(1) Background: Vitamin D supplementation after type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) onset has led to conflicting results on beta-cell preservation. Aim: This paper presents a systematic review to verify whether randomized prospective controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrate that improved vitamin D status confers protection on T1DM. (2) Methods: A systematic review was conducted up until 18 January 2024 according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, searching MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, using keywords “vitamin D”, “type 1 diabetes”, and “children”. (3) Results: Following the above-mentioned search process, 408 articles in PubMed and 791 in Embase met inclusion criteria. After removing duplicates, 471 articles remained. After exclusion criteria, 11 RCTs remained. Because of major heterogeneity in design and outcomes, no meta-analyses were conducted, allowing only for qualitative analyses. There was no strong evidence that vitamin D supplementation has lasting effects on beta-cell preservation or glycemic control in new-onset T1DM. (4) Conclusions: More rigorous, larger studies are needed to demonstrate whether vitamin D improves beta-cell preservation or glycemic control in new-onset T1DM. Because T1DM may cause osteopenia, it is advisable that patients with new onset T1DM have adequate vitamin D stores. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Many Roles of Vitamin D in Bones, Muscle, Adipose Tissue and Metabolism)

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The Many Roles of Vitamin D in Bones, Muscle, Adipose Tissue and Metabolism

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