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Effects of Nutritional Interventions and Lifestyle on Diabetes and Lipid Metabolism

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Diabetes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2023) | Viewed by 10665

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos

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Guest Editor

1. Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
2. Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
Interests: metabolic syndrome; physical exercise; life quality; obesity; dyslipidemia

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue entitled “Effects of Nutritional Interventions and Lifestyle on Diabetes and Lipid Metabolism”.

Lifestyle comprises a set of attitudes, values, preferences and habits which modify wellbeing and quality of life. Nutritional status is one of the most obvious components of a healthy lifestyle and directly modifies the presence and treatment of several diseases.

Diabetes and dyslipidemia are two of the main components of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and are considered important causes of death and health loss worldwide. Diabetes is characterized by persistent high blood glucose levels, which is commonly associated with obesity in type 2 diabetes. Dyslipidemia, in turn, is frequently linked with elevated circulating triglycerides and cholesterol, which increases the cardiometabolic risk related to altered local and systemic lipid metabolism. The metabolic alterations are associated with high inflammation markers, dysbiosis, mental and brain pathologies and several molecular disturbances.

Nutritional interventions, exercise practice and the use of functional foods and nutraceuticals are important tools to reduce and treat the metabolic diseases, improving the quality of life.

This Special Issue aims to collect original research articles and review papers evaluating the experimental/clinical relevance and biological activities of nutraceuticals, plants, dietary interventions, isolated compounds and the mechanisms involved in quality of life, diabetes, dyslipidemia and related disorders. Moreover, papers addressing innovative pharmaceutical formulations are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

metabolic syndrome
physical exercise
life quality
obesity
dyslipidemia

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1592 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mendelian Randomization Analysis Reveals Causal Effects of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Subtypes of Diabetic Retinopathy Risk

by Shaojie Ren, Chen Xue, Manhong Xu and Xiaorong Li

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4208; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194208 - 29 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1554

Abstract

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) affect several physiological processes, including visual acuity, but their relationship with diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains elusive. The aim of this study was to determine whether PUFAs have a causal effect on DR. PUFAs- (total and omega-3 [FAw3] and omega-6 [FAw6] fatty acids and their ratio) and DR-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms derived from genome-wide association studies; sample sizes were 114,999 for fatty acids and 216,666 for any DR (ADR), background DR (BDR), severe non-proliferative DR (SNPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR). We hypothesized that the intra-body levels of PUFAs have an impact on DR and conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to assess the causality. Pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and sensitivity analyses were performed to verify result reliability. High levels of PUFAs were found to be associated with reduced risk of both ADR and PDR. Moreover, FAw3 was associated with a decreased risk of PDR, whereas FAw6 demonstrated an association with lowered risks of both BDR and PDR. Our findings provide genetic evidence, for the first time, for a causal relationship between PUFAs and reduced DR risk. Consequently, our comprehensive MR analysis strongly urges further investigation into the precise functions and long-term effects of PUFAs, FAw3, and FAw6 on DR. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Nutritional Interventions and Lifestyle on Diabetes and Lipid Metabolism)

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11 pages, 1763 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cholesterol Paradox in Older People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Regardless of Lipid-Lowering Drug Use: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study

by Tzu-Yuan Wang, Wei-Lun Chang, Cheng-Yu Wei, Chung-Hsiang Liu, Ray-Chang Tzeng and Pai-Yi Chiu

Nutrients 2023, 15(14), 3270; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143270 - 24 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1859

Abstract

Lipid-lowering drugs (LLDs) have protective effects against coronary artery disease (CAD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD); however, a paradoxical association with cholesterol has been identified in several diseases, such as diabetes, dementia, and atrial fibrillation. We aimed to analyze the association between LLDs and cholesterol levels in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This cross-sectional study enrolled consecutive patients aged ≥50 years from three centers in Taiwan. A multiple logistic regression model was used, and odds ratios (ORs) for different levels of total cholesterol (TC) or low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) compared with the highest level were adjusted for age, triglyceride level, sex, comorbidities, and medications. Among the 3688 participants, 572 with and 676 without T2DM used LLDs. After adjusting for age and sex, the non-T2DM group demonstrated better medical conditions, cognition, and daily function than the T2DM group, regardless of LLD use. Compared to the highest TC level (≥240 mg/dL), ORs were significantly increased as TC levels decreased. A similar pattern of T2DM prevalence was observed in LDL-C levels. Older people with T2DM demonstrated low cognitive and daily functions. Significantly reduced TC and LDL levels were associated with a higher T2DM prevalence in older adults regardless of LLD use. T2DM was associated with impaired cognitive and daily functioning. A higher prevalence of T2DM in older people with low cholesterol levels raises doubt surrounding cognition and daily function being jeopardized when the “lower is better” strategy is applied for the secondary prevention of CAD or CVD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Nutritional Interventions and Lifestyle on Diabetes and Lipid Metabolism)

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10 pages, 593 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Virgin Coconut Oil: A Dietary Intervention for Dyslipidaemia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

by Andina Setyawati, Moh Syafar Sangkala, Silvia Malasari, Nuurhidayat Jafar, Elly L Sjattar, Syahrul Syahrul and Haerani Rasyid

Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 564; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030564 - 21 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3415

Abstract

Hyperlipidaemia is causally related to coronary artery diseases (CAD) and peripheral artery diseases (PAD) in people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). An in vivo study confirmed that virgin coconut oil (VCO) could maintain levels of lipids in the blood as effectively as conventional therapy. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of VCO on the lipid profiles and ankle–brachial index (ABI) of patients with DM. In this experimental study with pre- and post-test design and a control group, the participants were selected purposively. The ABI was evaluated on the first visit. Baseline lipid profile readings were taken. Each participant took 1.2 mL/kgBW of VCO daily and divided it into three doses. After 30 days of taking VCO, laboratory examinations and ABI were repeated, and adverse events were evaluated. The dependent t-test and Wilcoxon sign rank test with a significance level of α ≤ 0.05 showed a significant decrease in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (p = 0.002), a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (p = 0.031), a significant decrease in energy intake (p = 0.046) and cholesterol intake (p = 0.023) at the endpoint in the VCO group. In conclusion, this therapy is beneficial for maintaining lipid profile when combined with dietary therapy. Future studies should investigate the duration and dosage of VCO on patients to maintain lipid-linked protein. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Nutritional Interventions and Lifestyle on Diabetes and Lipid Metabolism)

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14 pages, 1425 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Management Tools Improve the Dietary Skills of Patients with T2DM in Communities

by Xueying Chen, Hewei Min and Xinying Sun

Nutrients 2022, 14(21), 4453; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14214453 - 23 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1849

Abstract

Dietary management is of paramount importance in the prevention and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This one-year cluster-randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of dietary management tools on the dietary skills of patients with T2DM. Twenty-two communities were randomly assigned to an intervention group and a control group, and participants in the intervention group received a food guiding booklet (_G) and a dinner set (_D). The frequency of dietary management tools usage was collected at baseline and every three months, and different use patterns were identified by a group-based trajectory model. A self-compiled diabetic dietary skills scale and blood glucose were collected at baseline, 3, and 12 months, and a using generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) to explore the influence factors of dietary skills and blood glucose. The finding revealed four dietary tool-usage patterns among the participants: Insist using _G/D, Give up gradually _G/D, Give up after use _G, and Never use _G/D. GLMM indicated that dietary skills were higher over time (p < 0.05), and in participants using the guiding booklet (p < 0.001) or dinner set (p < 0.001), or with higher education (p < 0.001). Additionally, blood glucose were lower among participants with higher dietary skills (p = 0.003), higher educational level (p = 0.046), and a 3000–5000 monthly income (p = 0.026). These findings support using food management tools like the guiding booklet and dinner set as a useful strategy in primary health care centers for individuals with T2DM to increase their dietary skills and blood glucose control. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Nutritional Interventions and Lifestyle on Diabetes and Lipid Metabolism)

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Other

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23 pages, 3849 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Modulatory Properties of Vitamin D in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Focus on Inflammation and Dyslipidemia

by Rizqah MacGirlley, Wendy N. Phoswa and Kabelo Mokgalaboni

Nutrients 2023, 15(21), 4575; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15214575 - 27 Oct 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1363

Abstract

Background: Evidence from preclinical studies has found a correlation between the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and vitamin D deficiency. However, evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) revealed inconclusive results on vitamin D supplementation. We explored the effect of vitamin D on inflammation and dyslipidemia in T2D. Methods: We comprehensively searched for RCTs evaluating the effect of vitamin D in T2D on PubMed. Data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 and reports, such as standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) at a 5% significant level using a random effect model. Results: This study revealed a significant reduction in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) SMD = (−0.51, 95%CI (−0.93, −0.09); p = 0.02), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) SMD = (−1.06, 95%CI (−1.67, −0.45); p < 0.05) in vitamin D compared to placebo. Additionally, interleukin-6 (IL-6) exhibited a marginal effect SMD = (−0.52, 95%CI (−1.05, 0.01), p = 0.05). Furthermore, a significant reduction in the level of triglycerides SMD = (−0.65, 95%CI (−1.11, −0.18), p < 0.05) was observed, concomitant to a significantly increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level SMD = (0.53, 95%CI (0.08, 0.98), p = 0.02). However, no statistically significant changes were observed in total cholesterols SMD = (−0.16, 95%CI (−0.57, 0.24), p = 0.43) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) SMD = (−0.06, 95%CI (−0.37, 0.24), p = 0.67). Conclusions: These findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial in ameliorating inflammation and dyslipidemia in T2D patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Nutritional Interventions and Lifestyle on Diabetes and Lipid Metabolism)

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