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Nutrients
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Diet, Asthma and Respiratory Health
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Diet, Asthma and Respiratory Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 July 2024) | Viewed by 2996

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Francisca Castro Mendes

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Guest Editor
1. EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
2. Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
3. Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Interests: nutrition; diet; asthma; respiratory health; nutritional epidemiology; nutritional immunology
Dr. Diana Silva

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Guest Editor
1. EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
2. Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
3. Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
4. Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar de São João, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Interests: exercise immunology; immunotherapy; food allergies; immune modulation by diet; nutrition and dietetics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Asthma is a multifactorial disease, so it is expected that its development, progression and management are related to exposure to several factors, including dietary habits. The results from previous epidemiological research have shown that diet, asthma and respiratory health associations may differ according to exposure windows, including the prenatal period (via maternal diet), childhood and adulthood. Specifically, suboptimal maternal diet can negatively influence the development of the offspring innate and adaptive immune systems and their subsequent interaction with allergens and thus be involved in predisposition to asthma later in life, while affecting structural lung growth, which might compromise the normal lung function trajectory of children.

Nonetheless, the evidence still supports the role of diet and nutrition in the context of different asthma phenotypes and modulating lung function trajectories throughout life, and there are some mechanisms that remain to be clarified, such as diet modulating the cross talk between the lungs and gut microbiota.

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide new insights towards the understanding of the role of diet and nutrition in respiratory health and asthma development, progression and management, including the complex mechanisms linking diet, inflammation and the neural and immune systems. We invite authors to submit their original works that will contribute to improved support and prevention strategies in this area.

Dr. Francisca Castro Mendes
Dr. Diana Silva
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • asthma
  • respiratory health
  • diet
  • nutrition
  • inflammation
  • airway inflammation
  • immune system
  • maternal diet
  • lung function

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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13 pages, 322 KiB  
Article
The Planetary Health Diet and Its Association with Asthma and Airway Inflammation in School-Aged Children
by Mónica Rodrigues, Patrícia Padrão, Francisca de Castro Mendes, André Moreira and Pedro Moreira
Nutrients 2024, 16(14), 2241; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142241 - 12 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1504
Abstract
Poor dietary choices have been rising concurrently with an increase in asthma prevalence, especially in children. Dietary indexes that simultaneously measure the healthiness and sustainability of dietary patterns have emerged to address the dual concerns of human and planetary health. Accordingly, we aimed [...] Read more.
Poor dietary choices have been rising concurrently with an increase in asthma prevalence, especially in children. Dietary indexes that simultaneously measure the healthiness and sustainability of dietary patterns have emerged to address the dual concerns of human and planetary health. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate adherence to a sustainable dietary pattern and its impact on airway inflammation and asthma. In this study, 660 school-aged children (49.1% females, 7–12 years) were considered. A cross-sectional analysis was performed to assess the association between diet and asthma and airway inflammation according to overweight/obesity. Diet was evaluated through the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI). Higher scores represent a healthier and more sustainable diet. Three definitions of asthma were considered based on a self-reported medical diagnosis, symptoms, asthma medication, measured lung function, and airway reversibility. Airway inflammation was assessed by exhaled fractional nitric oxide (eNO). We considered two categories of body mass index: non-overweight/non-obese and overweight/obese. The associations between diet with asthma and airway inflammation were estimated using adjusted binary logistic regressions. The odds of having airway inflammation decreased with the increase in PHDI score. Moreover, children in the non-overweight/non-obesity group in the fourth quartile of the PHDI had lower odds of having airway inflammation compared to children in the first quartile. Our study indicates that a healthier and sustainable diet is associated with lower levels of eNO, but only among children without overweight/obesity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Asthma and Respiratory Health)

Other

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19 pages, 3455 KiB  
Systematic Review
Association between Serum Lipids and Asthma in Adults—A Systematic Review
by Alexandra Maștaleru, Gabriela Popescu, Irina Mihaela Abdulan, Carmen Marinela Cumpăt, Alexandru Dan Costache, Cristina Grosu and Maria Magdalena Leon
Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2070; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132070 - 28 Jun 2024
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Abstract
(1) Background: Asthma is a syndrome found in both adults and children, characterized by airflow obstruction caused by the inflammation of the airways. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have found that lipid metabolism influences both the development and symptomatology of [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Asthma is a syndrome found in both adults and children, characterized by airflow obstruction caused by the inflammation of the airways. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have found that lipid metabolism influences both the development and symptomatology of asthma. Lipid metabolism plays an important role both in the occurrence of exacerbations and in the reduction of lung inflammation. Our study aimed to identify any type of association between patients diagnosed with asthma and their serum lipids, including HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides in adults. (2) Methods: To find articles for our review, we searched two platforms: PubMed and Google Scholar. A total of 309 articles from two platforms were analyzed. Finally, 12 papers were selected from the initial pool of identified articles. (3) Results: The positive correlation between triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol), and asthma has been demonstrated in several studies. Moreover, it appears that there is an association between biomarkers of type 2 inflammation and HDL and serum triglycerides in people with atopic status. Regarding the nutrition of asthmatic patients, the greatest impact on the development of the disease seems to be the consumption of fruit and vegetables. Several studies show that a predominantly vegan diet is associated with better control of the disease and a decrease in the number of pro-inflammatory cytokines. (4) Conclusions: Studies show a positive correlation between total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol levels and asthma and a negative correlation between HDL-cholesterol and asthma. Increased cholesterol values would lead to the stimulation of pro-inflammatory processes and the secretion of cytokines involved in these processes. The most successful diets for asthma patients seem to be those in which the consumption of fruit, vegetables, and high-fiber foods is increased because all of these food groups are rich in vitamins, antioxidants, and minerals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Asthma and Respiratory Health)
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