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Current and New Approaches to Managing Diabetes through Diet

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Diabetes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2024) | Viewed by 3702

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: nutrition; diet; Mediterranean diet; obesity; diabetes; gender
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Guest Editor
Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
Interests: T2D; gestational diabetes; nutrition; diet; polyphenols; adipose tissue; molecular mechanisms; sex and gender

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diabetes is becoming a major public health concern as its global incidence rises. Chronic complications and the associated high risk of morbidity and mortality represent serious consequences of diabetes which have serious effects on healthcare systems as well. Diet represents a vital aspect of managing diabetes since it helps control blood sugar levels, reduce complications, and enhance overall health. Given the importance of nutrition in preventing and managing diabetes and its consequences, we require a greater and more accurate knowledge of the mechanisms that make healthy diets effective. A better comprehension of the interplay between dietary components and gut microbiota, the pathways modulating dietary nutrient intake and the effects of also using omics approaches, and digital technologies/tools to increase adherence to healthy diets is required to have a holistic view of how to manage diabetes through diet.

The aim of this Special Issue on "Current and new approaches to managing Diabetes through Diet" is to highlight different aspects of diabetic nutrition and the importance of dietary management of blood sugar levels and the prevention of diabetes complications.

This Special Issue welcomes contributions of articles related to this topic; recommended reviews and original articles, brief reports, and communications are also welcome.

Dr. Roberta Masella
Dr. Carmela Santangelo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • diet
  • nutrition
  • diabetes
  • type 2 diabetes
  • glucose metabolism
  • hyperglycemia
  • healthy diet
  • sex and gender
  • gestational diabetes

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 255 KiB  
Article
Effects of Mung Bean Water Supplementation on Modulating Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in a Diabetic Rat Model
by Chung-Hsiung Huang, Jia-Yin Chen and Meng-Tsan Chiang
Nutrients 2024, 16(16), 2684; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16162684 - 13 Aug 2024
Viewed by 872
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often associated with chronic inflammation exacerbated by hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Mung beans have a longstanding reputation in traditional medicine for their purported ability to lower blood glucose levels, prompting interest in their pharmacological properties. This study aimed [...] Read more.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often associated with chronic inflammation exacerbated by hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Mung beans have a longstanding reputation in traditional medicine for their purported ability to lower blood glucose levels, prompting interest in their pharmacological properties. This study aimed to explore the impact of mung bean water (MBW) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a T2DM rat model induced by nicotinamide/streptozotocin. Normal and DM rats were supplemented with a stock solution of MBW as drinking water ad libitum daily for 8 weeks. MBW supplementation led to significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol, HDL-C, and VLDL-C + LDL-C levels, and decreased malondialdehyde levels in plasma and liver samples, indicating reduced oxidative stress. MBW supplementation lowered plasma glucose levels and upregulated hepatic hexokinase activity, suggesting enhanced glucose utilization. Additionally, MBW decreased hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione peroxidase activities, while hepatic levels of glutathione and glutathione disulfide remained unchanged. These findings underscore the potential of MBW to improve plasma glucose and lipid metabolism in DM rats, likely mediated by antioxidant effects and the modulation of hepatic enzyme activities. Further exploration of bioactive components of MBW and its mechanisms could unveil new therapeutic avenues for managing diabetes and its metabolic complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and New Approaches to Managing Diabetes through Diet)

Other

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18 pages, 4018 KiB  
Systematic Review
Protein Hydrolysates and Bioactive Peptides as Mediators of Blood Glucose—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Acute and Long-Term Studies
by Arig Elbira, Maryam Hafiz, Alan Javier Hernández-Álvarez, Michael A. Zulyniak and Christine Boesch
Nutrients 2024, 16(2), 323; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16020323 - 22 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2461
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health concern associated with high mortality and reduced life expectancy. Since diabetes is closely linked with lifestyle, not surprisingly, nutritional intervention and increased physical activity could play a vital role in attenuating the problems [...] Read more.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health concern associated with high mortality and reduced life expectancy. Since diabetes is closely linked with lifestyle, not surprisingly, nutritional intervention and increased physical activity could play a vital role in attenuating the problems related to diabetes. Protein hydrolysates (PHs) and their bioactive peptides (BP) have been shown to exert a wide range of biological effects, including antioxidative, antihypertensive, and in particular, hypoglycaemic activities. To better understand the efficacy of such interventions, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were performed concerning the influence of protein hydrolysates on glycaemic biomarkers in subjects with and without hyperglycaemia. Five different databases were used to search for RCTs. In total, 37 RCTs were included in the systematic review and 29 RCTs in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction in postprandial blood glucose response (PPGR) in normoglycaemic (−0.22 mmol/L; 95% CI −0.43, −0.01; p ≤ 0.05) and in hyperglycaemic adults (−0.88 mmol/L; 95% CI −1.37, −0.39; p ≤ 0.001) compared with the respective control groups. A meta-regression analysis revealed a dose-dependent response for PPGR following PH consumption in normoglycaemic adults, specifically for doses ≤ 30 g. The postprandial blood insulin responses (PPIR) were significantly higher after the ingestion of PHs in both the group with and the group without hyperglycaemia, respectively (23.05 mIU/L; 95% CI 7.53, 38.57; p ≤ 0.01 and 12.57 mIU/L; 95% CI 2.72, 22.41; p ≤ 0.01), compared with controls. In terms of long-term responses, there was a small but significant reduction in both fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in response to PH compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The PHs significantly improved the parameters of glycaemia in adults and, hence, it may contribute to the management and regulation of the future risk of developing T2DM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and New Approaches to Managing Diabetes through Diet)
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