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Nutrients
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Nutrition and Cognition
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Nutrition and Cognition

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 August 2023) | Viewed by 9290

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Michael Falkenstein

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Working Learning Ageing, 44805 Bochum, Germany
Interests: cognitive psychology; cognitive neuroscience; ageing; neurodegeneration; EEG; neuropsychology; nutrition and cognition

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nutrition is essential at every age. Children need proper nutrients to develop and to stay healthy. Similarly, in advanced age, health—more specifically, physical and cognitive state, depend on nutrition. Cognition consists of a variety of different functions and related brain processes, which may be differentially influenced by nutrition. Optimal nutrition may even slow cognitive decay and lower the probability of developing dementia in higher age. Apart from macronutrients such as fat and proteins, micronutrients such as certain fatty acids and plant polyphenols play a role in cognitive health. An important issue that should be addressed concerns the physiological mechanisms behind the impact of nutrition on cognition. On the other hand, practical issues such as school and nursing home nutrition and its possible influence on cognition should be addressed. However, nutrition is only one of numerous lifestyles that influence cognition, and proper nutrition alone is not sufficient to foster cognitive fitness. Hence the interaction of nutrition with other healthy lifestyles such as physical and cognitive activity are of high importance, and should be mentioned in the Special Issue.

In summary, the present Special Issue will include manuscripts that focus on the impact of nutrition and its combination with other lifestyles on different cognitive functions and their brain activity correlates in all ages—particularly in children, adolescents and older adults.

I look forward to your contributions!

Prof. Dr. Michael Falkenstein
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nutrition
  • macronutrients
  • micronutrients
  • cognition
  • cognitive functions
  • brain processes
  • physical activity
  • cognitive activity
  • lifestyle

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 693 KiB  
Article
High ApoB/ApoA-I Ratio Predicts Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Large Artery Atherosclerosis
by Minwoo Lee, Jae-Sung Lim, Yerim Kim, Soo Hyun Park, Sang-Hwa Lee, Chulho Kim, Byung-Chul Lee, Kyung-Ho Yu, Jae-Jun Lee and Mi Sun Oh
Nutrients 2023, 15(21), 4670; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15214670 - 4 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1308
Abstract
Background: We aimed to investigate the association between the ApoB/ApoA-I ratio and post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) in patients with acute stroke of large artery atherosclerosis etiology. Methods: Prospective stroke registry data were used to consecutively enroll patients with acute ischemic stroke due to [...] Read more.
Background: We aimed to investigate the association between the ApoB/ApoA-I ratio and post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) in patients with acute stroke of large artery atherosclerosis etiology. Methods: Prospective stroke registry data were used to consecutively enroll patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large artery atherosclerosis. Cognitive function assessments were conducted 3 to 6 months after stroke. PSCI was defined as a z-score of less than −2 standard deviations from age, sex, and education-adjusted means in at least one cognitive domain. The ApoB/ApoA-I ratio was calculated, and patients were categorized into five groups according to quintiles of the ratio. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between quintiles of the ApoB/ApoA-I ratio and PSCI. Results: A total of 263 patients were included, with a mean age of 65.9 ± 11.6 years. The median NIHSS score and ApoB/ApoA-I ratio upon admission were 2 (IQR, 1–5) and 0.81 (IQR, 0.76–0.88), respectively. PSCI was observed in 91 (34.6%) patients. The highest quintile (Q5) of the ApoB/ApoA-I ratio was a significant predictor of PSCI compared to the lowest quintile (Q1) (adjusted OR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.19–8.41; p-value = 0.021) after adjusting for relevant confounders. Patients in the Q5 group exhibited significantly worse performance in the frontal domain. Conclusions: The ApoB/ApoA-I ratio in the acute stage of stroke independently predicted the development of PSCI at 3–6 months after stroke due to large artery atherosclerosis. Further, a high ApoB/ApoA-I ratio was specifically associated with frontal domain dysfunction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Cognition)
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15 pages, 1006 KiB  
Article
The Role of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Myelination, Socio-Emotional and Language Development: Observational Data from Breast-Fed Infants in the United States of America
by Purva Rajhans, Fabio Mainardi, Sean Austin, Norbert Sprenger, Sean Deoni, Jonas Hauser and Nora Schneider
Nutrients 2023, 15(21), 4624; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15214624 - 31 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1906
Abstract
Infancy is a critical period for neurodevelopment, which includes myelination, synaptogenesis, synaptic pruning, and the development of motor, social-emotional, and cognitive functions. Human milk provides essential nutrients to the infant’s developing brain, especially during the first postnatal months. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are [...] Read more.
Infancy is a critical period for neurodevelopment, which includes myelination, synaptogenesis, synaptic pruning, and the development of motor, social-emotional, and cognitive functions. Human milk provides essential nutrients to the infant’s developing brain, especially during the first postnatal months. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a major component of human milk, and there is growing evidence of the association of individual HMOs with cognitive development in early life. However, to our knowledge, no study has explained these associations with a mechanism of action. Here, we investigated possible mediating associations between HMOs in human milk, brain myelination (measured via myelin water fraction), and measures of motor, language (collected via the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III)), and socioemotional development (collected via the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional Version (ASQ-SE)) in healthy term-born breast-fed infants. The results revealed an association between 6′Sialyllactose and social skills that was mediated by myelination. Furthermore, associations of fucosylated HMOs with language outcomes were observed that were not mediated by myelination. These observations indicate the roles of specific HMOs in neurodevelopment and associated functional outcomes, such as social-emotional function and language development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Cognition)
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18 pages, 917 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Interplay between Social Brain Development and Nutrient Intake in Young Children
by Alexandros K. Kanellopoulos, Sarah Costello, Fabio Mainardi, Kyoko Koshibu, Sean Deoni and Nora Schneider
Nutrients 2023, 15(17), 3754; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173754 - 28 Aug 2023
Viewed by 3106
Abstract
Myelination of the brain structures underlying social behavior in humans is a dynamic process that parallels the emergence of social–emotional development and social skills in early life. Of the many genetic and environmental factors regulating the myelination processes, nutrition is considered as a [...] Read more.
Myelination of the brain structures underlying social behavior in humans is a dynamic process that parallels the emergence of social–emotional development and social skills in early life. Of the many genetic and environmental factors regulating the myelination processes, nutrition is considered as a critical and modifiable early-life factor for establishing healthy social brain networks. However, the impact of nutrition on the longitudinal development of social brain myelination remains to be fully understood. This study examined the interplay between childhood nutrient intake and social brain development across the first 5 years of life. Myelin-sensitive neuroimaging and food-intake data were analyzed in 293 children, 0.5 to 5 years of age, and explored for dynamic patterns of nutrient—social brain myelin associations. We found three data-driven age windows with specific nutrient correlation patterns, 63 individual nutrient–myelin correlations, and six nutrient combinations with a statistically significant predictive value for social brain myelination. These results provide novel insights into the impact of specific nutrient intakes on early brain development, in particular social brain regions, and suggest a critical age-sensitive opportunity to impact these brain regions for potential longer-term improvements in socio-emotional development and related executive-function and critical-thinking skills. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Cognition)
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18 pages, 4320 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Effects of a Mediterranean Diet and Weight Loss on the Gut Microbiome and Cognitive Performance in Older, African American Obese Adults: A Post Hoc Analysis
by Andrew McLeod, Beatriz Penalver Bernabe, Yinglin Xia, Jennifer Sanchez-Flack, Melissa Lamar, Linda Schiffer, Nefertiti Oji-Njideka Hemphill, Giamila Fantuzzi, Pauline Maki, Marian Fitzgibbon and Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
Nutrients 2023, 15(15), 3332; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153332 - 27 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2509
Abstract
African American adults have a higher prevalence of Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) than non-Hispanic Whites. The impact of a Mediterranean Diet (Med Diet) and intentional weight loss (IWL) on the gut microbiome may alter AD risk. A post hoc analysis of the Building Research [...] Read more.
African American adults have a higher prevalence of Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) than non-Hispanic Whites. The impact of a Mediterranean Diet (Med Diet) and intentional weight loss (IWL) on the gut microbiome may alter AD risk. A post hoc analysis of the Building Research in Diet and Cognition (BRIDGE) trial was performed to determine whether participation in an 8-month Med Diet lifestyle intervention with (n = 35) or without IWL (n = 31) was associated with changes in gut microbiota structure, abundance, and function and whether these changes were related to changes in cognitive performance. The results showed that family and genus alpha diversity increased significantly in both groups combined (p = 0.0075 and p = 0.024, respectively). However, there were no other significant microbially related within- or between-group changes over time. Also, an increase in Med Diet adherence was significantly associated with a decrease in alpha diversity at the phylum level only (p = 0.049). Increasing alpha diversity was associated with decreasing cognitive performance, but this association was attenuated after controlling for Med Diet adherence. In sum, an 8-month Med Diet lifestyle intervention with or without IWL did not appreciably alter the gut microbiome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Cognition)
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