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Nutrients
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Vitamin D Deficiency and Maternal and Infant Health and Disease
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Vitamin D Deficiency and Maternal and Infant Health and Disease

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Micronutrients and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2024) | Viewed by 13469

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jürgen Harreiter

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Gender Medicine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Interests: vitamin D deficiency; vitamin D supplementation; hypervitaminosis; calcium homeostasis; parathormon; gestational diabetes mellitus; gestational weight gain; large for gestational age; pregnancy outcome; pregnancy complications; type 2 diabetes mellitus; obesity; dyslipidemia; insulin resistance; insulin secretion; metabolic adaption in pregnancy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We all know that vitamin D is a relevant fat-soluble vitamin with pleiotropic activity in metabolism, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, modulation of cell growth, neuromuscular function, and immunity, besides its essential role in calcium homeostasis and bone health. A common finding in pregnancy is vitamin D deficiency. Higher risk for adverse pregnancy and birth outcome, such as gestational diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, preeclampsia, preterm birth, low birth weight, and even disturbed brain development, was related to maternal vitamin D deficiency. Nonetheless, the results of studies investigating associations of maternal vitamin D deficiency and pregnancy outcomes or vitamin D supplementation trials often show inconsistencies.

Vitamin D insufficiency is also common in early childhood. Insufficient vitamin D in breastmilk and maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy contribute to this finding. Vitamin D is important in early childhood development, and most guidelines worldwide recommend supplementation to attain sufficient vitamin D levels and prevent infant bone disorders, muscle weakness, pains, or fractures. However, even this well-established tradition needs to be questioned as recent meta-analysis cannot provide sufficient evidence for effects on bone health. Moreover, infant growth and neurodevelopment is affected by vitamin D. Conflicting outcomes of the associations between vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and neurodevelopment during early and middle childhood illustrate the need of further investigations on this topic.

In this Special Issue, we would like to invite you to submit contemporary research on vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency or vitamin D supplementation and their associations with maternal and/or infant health and disease to spark light on the important functions of vitamin D. Your contribution to this topic in our Special Issue in the top journal Nutrients will help to evolve the knowledge about the multiple actions of vitamin D in relevant life periods such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, infancy, or childhood.

Dr. Jürgen Harreiter
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • vitamin D
  • pregnancy
  • pregnancy and birth outcomes
  • maternal and infant health
  • calcium homeostasis
  • gestational diabetes
  • pregnancy hypertension disorders
  • metabolic adaption in pregnancy
  • childhood development

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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16 pages, 4445 KiB  
Article
Effects of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Placental Vitamin D Metabolism and Neonatal Vitamin D Status
by Anna Louise Vestergaard, Matilde Kanstrup Andersen, Helena Hørdum Andersen, Krista Agathe Bossow, Pinar Bor and Agnete Larsen
Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2145; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132145 - 5 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1434
Abstract
Vitamin D (vitD) deficiency (25-hydroxy-vitamin D < 50 nmol/L) is common in pregnancy and associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. High-dose vitD supplementation is suggested to improve pregnancy health, but there is limited knowledge about the effects on placental vitD [...] Read more.
Vitamin D (vitD) deficiency (25-hydroxy-vitamin D < 50 nmol/L) is common in pregnancy and associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. High-dose vitD supplementation is suggested to improve pregnancy health, but there is limited knowledge about the effects on placental vitD transport and metabolism and the vitD status of newborns. Comparing the current standard maternal supplementation, 10 µg/day to a 90 µg vitD supplement, we investigated placental gene expression, maternal vitD transport and neonatal vitD status. Biological material was obtained from pregnant women randomized to 10 µg or 90 µg vitD supplements from week 11–16 onwards. Possible associations between maternal exposure, neonatal vitD status and placental expression of the vitD receptor (VDR), the transporters (Cubilin, CUBN and Megalin, LRP2) and the vitD-activating and -degrading enzymes (CYP24A1, CYP27B1) were investigated. Maternal vitD-binding protein (VDBP) was determined before and after supplementation. Overall, 51% of neonates in the 10 µg vitD group were vitD-deficient in contrast to 11% in the 90 µg group. High-dose vitD supplementation did not significantly affect VDBP or placental gene expression. However, the descriptive analyses indicate that maternal obesity may lead to the differential expression of CUBN, CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 and a changed VDBP response. High-dose vitD improves neonatal vitD status without affecting placental vitD regulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin D Deficiency and Maternal and Infant Health and Disease)
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16 pages, 2174 KiB  
Article
Low Vitamin D Concentration Is Associated with Increased Depression Risk in Adults 20–44 Years Old, an NHANES 2007–2018 Data Analysis with a Focus on Perinatal and Breastfeeding Status
by Victoria Rose Barri Benters Hollinshead, Julia L. Piaskowski and Yimin Chen
Nutrients 2024, 16(12), 1876; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121876 - 14 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1727
Abstract
The objective was to investigate associations of serum vitamin D concentration with depressive symptoms and assess the impact that vitamin D concentration has on the occurrence of depressive symptoms in 20–44-year-old pregnant women, postpartum women, non-pp women (non-pregnant/postpartum women), and men, including a [...] Read more.
The objective was to investigate associations of serum vitamin D concentration with depressive symptoms and assess the impact that vitamin D concentration has on the occurrence of depressive symptoms in 20–44-year-old pregnant women, postpartum women, non-pp women (non-pregnant/postpartum women), and men, including a separate subgroup analysis of postpartum breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding women. The study populations were selected from the 2007–2018 NHANES public data. Subjective interview data and objective laboratory data including depressive symptoms, serum vitamin D concentration, nutrient intake, and demographic information were utilized. Two diet patterns were created using principal component analysis, and a Bayesian multinomial model was fit to predict the depression outcomes for each subpopulation. The estimates for the log vitamin D slope parameter were negative for all cohorts; as vitamin D increased, the probability of having no depression increased, while the probability of depression decreased. The pregnant cohort had the steepest vitamin D slope, followed by postpartum women, then non-pp women and men. Higher vitamin D concentration had more impact on decreasing depression risk in pregnant and postpartum women compared to non-pp women and men. Among postpartum women, higher vitamin D concentration had a greater influence on decreasing breastfeeding women’s depression risk than non-breastfeeding women. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin D Deficiency and Maternal and Infant Health and Disease)
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10 pages, 233 KiB  
Article
Mediation Effect of Social Distancing on Neonatal Vitamin D Status and Related Clinical Outcomes during the Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic
by Jin Su Jun, Dong Joon Kim, Seung Chan Kim, Jung Sook Yeom and Ji Sook Park
Nutrients 2024, 16(12), 1858; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121858 - 13 Jun 2024
Viewed by 676
Abstract
Background: We analyzed the impact of social distancing (SD) on vitamin D status and associated morbidity in neonates during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) and clinical characteristics of newborn infants before (2019) and during SD [...] Read more.
Background: We analyzed the impact of social distancing (SD) on vitamin D status and associated morbidity in neonates during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) and clinical characteristics of newborn infants before (2019) and during SD (2021) were compared. Results: A total of 526 neonates (263 in 2019 and 263 in 2021) were included. The rate of vitamin D deficiency in neonates (47.1% vs. 35.4 %, p = 0.008) decreased and the rate of maternal vitamin D intake increased (6.8% vs. 37.6%, p < 0.001), respectively, during SD compared to those in 2019. The rates of hypocalcemia (12.5% vs. 3.8%, p < 0.001) and respiratory illness (57.0% vs. 43.0%, p = 0.002) decreased during SD. Neonatal vitamin D deficiency during SD was associated with maternal vitamin D supplementation (odds ratio [OR] = 0.463, p = 0.003) but was not associated with SD (OR = 0.772, p = 0.189). The mediation effect of SD on neonatal morbidity by neonatal vitamin D status was statistically insignificant. Conclusions: SD might affect the increased maternal vitamin D intake and decreased neonatal vitamin D deficiency. However, neonatal morbidity was not affected by SD, even with neonatal vitamin D status changes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin D Deficiency and Maternal and Infant Health and Disease)
12 pages, 571 KiB  
Article
Neonatal Vitamin D and Associations with Longitudinal Changes of Eczema up to 25 Years of Age
by Rong Zeng, Caroline J. Lodge, Jennifer J. Koplin, Diego J. Lopez, Bircan Erbas, Michael J. Abramson, Darryl Eyles, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Matthias Wjst, Katrina Allen, Shyamali C. Dharmage and Adrian J. Lowe
Nutrients 2024, 16(9), 1303; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091303 - 26 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1848
Abstract
Background: Early-life vitamin D is a potentially modifiable risk factor for the development of eczema, but there is a lack of data on longitudinal associations. Method: We measured 25(OH)D3 levels from neonatal dried blood spots in 223 high-allergy-risk children. Latent class analysis was [...] Read more.
Background: Early-life vitamin D is a potentially modifiable risk factor for the development of eczema, but there is a lack of data on longitudinal associations. Method: We measured 25(OH)D3 levels from neonatal dried blood spots in 223 high-allergy-risk children. Latent class analysis was used to define longitudinal eczema phenotype up to 25 years (4 subclasses). Skin prick tests (SPTs) to 6 allergens and eczema outcomes at 6 time points were used to define eczema/sensitization phenotypes. Associations between 25(OH)D3 and prevalent eczema and eczema phenotypes were assessed using logistic regression models. Results: Median 25(OH)D3 level was 32.5 nmol/L (P25-P75 = 23.1 nmol/L). Each 10 nmol/L increase in neonatal 25(OH)D3 was associated with a 26% reduced odds of early-onset persistent eczema (adjusted multinomial odds ratio (aMOR) = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.56–0.98) and 30% increased odds of early-onset-resolving eczema (aMOR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.05–1.62) when compared to minimal/no eczema up to 12 years. Similar associations were seen for eczema phenotype up to 25 years. We did not see any strong evidence for the association between neonatal 25(OH)D3 and prevalent eczema or eczema/sensitization phenotype. Conclusions: Higher neonatal 25(OH)D3 levels, a reflection of maternal vitamin D levels in pregnancy, may reduce the risk of early-onset persistent eczema. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin D Deficiency and Maternal and Infant Health and Disease)
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11 pages, 2406 KiB  
Article
Vitamin D Status as an Important Predictor of Preterm Birth in a Cohort of Black Women
by Jennifer Woo, Thomas Guffey, Rhonda Dailey, Dawn Misra and Carmen Giurgescu
Nutrients 2023, 15(21), 4637; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15214637 - 1 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1991
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency (25 (OH)D < 20 ng/mL) is a modifiable risk factor that has been associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (PTB) (<37 weeks gestation). Black women are at a high risk for vitamin D deficiency due to higher melanin [...] Read more.
Vitamin D deficiency (25 (OH)D < 20 ng/mL) is a modifiable risk factor that has been associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (PTB) (<37 weeks gestation). Black women are at a high risk for vitamin D deficiency due to higher melanin levels. Vitamin D sufficiency may be protective against PTB risk in Black women. Black participants between 8 and 25 weeks of gestation were included in this nested case–control study. The sample consisted of women who had either PTBs (n = 57) or term births, were selected based on maternal age compared to those who had PTBs (n = 118), and had blood samples available between 8 and 25 weeks of gestation. The women completed questionnaires about depressive symptoms and smoking behavior and had blood collected to determine their vitamin D levels. Gestational age at birth, hypertensive disorders, and body mass index (BMI) were collected from the medical records. The odds of PTB were increased by 3.34 times for participants with vitamin D deficiency after adjusting for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and depressive symptoms. Vitamin D assessment and supplementation may be an important intervention for preventing PTB in pregnant Black women. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin D Deficiency and Maternal and Infant Health and Disease)
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11 pages, 1830 KiB  
Article
Influence of Strict Lockdown on Vitamin D Deficiency in Pregnant Women: A Word of Caution
by Nuria Agüero-Domenech, Eduardo Bernabeu, Antonio García-Valentín, Ana Sarrión, Silvia Jover, Javier Baranda, Ernesto Cortés-Castell, Vicente Gil-Guillén and María J. García-Teruel
Nutrients 2023, 15(8), 1972; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15081972 - 19 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2173
Abstract
The main source of vitamin D results from skin sunlight exposure. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is linked to several adverse events during pregnancy. While performing a cross-sectional study with 886 pregnant women in Elda (Spain) from September 2019 to July 2020 to determine [...] Read more.
The main source of vitamin D results from skin sunlight exposure. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is linked to several adverse events during pregnancy. While performing a cross-sectional study with 886 pregnant women in Elda (Spain) from September 2019 to July 2020 to determine the association of VDD with gestational diabetes mellitus in relation to body mass index, a strict lockdown (SL) due to the COVID-19 pandemic was declared from 15 March 2020 to 15 May 2020. To determine if VDD prevalence in the local population of pregnant women was influenced by SL, a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence odds ratio (POR) for the association of VDD and SL. A crude logistic regression model was calculated, and then further adjusted by the biweekly measured vitamin D-specific UVB dose in our geographical area. The POR during SL was 4.0 (95%CI = 2.7–5.7), with a VDD prevalence of 77.8% in the quarantine period. Our results revealed that VDD prevalence in pregnant women was influenced by SL. This valuable information could guide us in future if public officials order the population to stay indoors for any given reason. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin D Deficiency and Maternal and Infant Health and Disease)
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10 pages, 253 KiB  
Protocol
High Initial Dose of Monitored Vitamin D Supplementation in Preterm Infants (HIDVID Trial): Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Study
by Dominika Paw, Renata Bokiniec and Alicja Kołodziejczyk-Nowotarska
Nutrients 2024, 16(5), 700; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16050700 - 29 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1378
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency can escalate prematurity bone disease in preterm infants and negatively influence their immature immunology system. Infants born at 24 + 0/7 weeks to 32 + 6/7 weeks of gestation will be considered for inclusion. Cord or vein blood samples will [...] Read more.
Vitamin D deficiency can escalate prematurity bone disease in preterm infants and negatively influence their immature immunology system. Infants born at 24 + 0/7 weeks to 32 + 6/7 weeks of gestation will be considered for inclusion. Cord or vein blood samples will be obtained within 48 h after birth for 25-hydroxyvitamin D level measurements. Parathyroid hormone and interleukin-6 levels will be measured. Infants will be randomized to the monitored group (i.e., an initial dose of 1000 IU/day and possible modification) or the controlled group (i.e., 250 IU/day or 500 IU/day dose, depending on weight). Supplementation will be monitored up to a postconceptional age of 35 weeks. The primary endpoint is the percentage of infants with deficient or suboptimal 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels at 28 ± 2 days of age. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels will be measured at postconceptional age 35 ± 2 weeks. Secondary goals encompass assessing the occurrence of sepsis, osteopenia, hyperparathyroidism, and interleukin-6 concentration. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of monitored vitamin D supplementation in a group of preterm infants and ascertain if a high initial dosage of monitored vitamin D supplementation can decrease the occurrence of neonatal sepsis and metabolic bone disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin D Deficiency and Maternal and Infant Health and Disease)
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