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Nutrients
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Advance in Diet and Chronic Inflammation
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Advance in Diet and Chronic Inflammation

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 24827

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Lucia Malaguarnera

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95124 Catania, Italy
Interests: immunology; degenerative diseases; nutrients
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diet plays an important role in the treatment and management of inflammatory conditions. Different food components have been associated to symptomatic and immune reaction and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory conditions. Both basic and clinical research studies have shown the effect of dietary triggers of immune reaction, changes in intestinal microbiome, as well as alterations of mucosal integrity. The benefit of dietary therapies is not only in correcting nutrient deficiencies but also in improving disease activity and contributes to symptoms control. However, there are still many unknown areas in the relationship between diet and inflammation.

In this Special Issue, we will provide information on recent advances in dietary therapies for chronic inflammation, with special focus on gastrointestinal conditions.

Prof. Lucia Malaguarnera
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Diet
  • Nutrition
  • Inflammation
  • Gastrointestinal

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2156 KiB  
Article
DASH Diet as a Proposal for Improvement in Cellular Immunity and Its Association with Metabolic Parameters in Persons with Overweight and Obesity
by Carmen Paulina Rodríguez-López, María Cristina González-Torres, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas and Oralia Nájera-Medina
Nutrients 2021, 13(10), 3540; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103540 - 9 Oct 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4265
Abstract
The development of obesity entails a chronic low-grade inflammatory state with increased pro-inflammatory cells, mainly in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Additionally, dietary patterns have an influence on the regulation of chronic inflammation. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) include foods with an anti-inflammatory [...] Read more.
The development of obesity entails a chronic low-grade inflammatory state with increased pro-inflammatory cells, mainly in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Additionally, dietary patterns have an influence on the regulation of chronic inflammation. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) include foods with an anti-inflammatory profile and that have positive impacts on body composition (BC), suggesting improvements in inflammatory processes. Objective: To analyze the impact of the DASH diet on cellular immunity, anthropometric, biochemical and BC parameters in patients with overweight and obesity, who could present metabolic syndrome. Methodology: Lymphocyte subpopulations, biochemical parameters, anthropometric parameters, and BC before and 8 weeks after intervention with the DASH diet in persons with overweight and obesity were measured. Results: Fifty-nine young adults participated in the study. After the intervention, no significant changes in biochemical parameters were observed, although a significant decrease in nearly all of the anthropometric and BC variables was found: waist circumference (p < 0.001), percentage and kilograms of fat (p < 0.001 and p < 0.025, respectively), VAT (p < 0.020), and weight (p < 0.001), as well as total lymphocytes and double-positive TCD4+ cells. A relation between changes in leukocyte subpopulations (monocytes, natural killer, helper and cytotoxic lymphocytes, and naive TCD4+ cells) and metabolic improvements (glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-c) was also found. Conclusions: The DASH diet promotes positive changes in lymphocyte subpopulations, anthropometric parameters and BC in persons with overweight and obesity. Future studies should elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which the DASH diet produces inmunometabolic improvement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Diet and Chronic Inflammation)
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11 pages, 298 KiB  
Article
Malnutrition According to GLIM Criteria Is Associated with Mortality and Hospitalizations in Rehabilitation Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
by Vanesa Dávalos-Yerovi, Ester Marco, Dolores Sánchez-Rodríguez, Xavier Duran, Delky Meza-Valderrama, Diego A. Rodríguez, Elena Muñoz, Marta Tejero-Sánchez, Maria Dolors Muns, Anna Guillén-Solà and Esther Duarte
Nutrients 2021, 13(2), 369; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020369 - 26 Jan 2021
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 3034
Abstract
Malnutrition has a negative impact on patients with chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD). The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of malnutrition, defined by the Global Leadership Initiative for Malnutrition (GLIM), in stable COPD patients referred to pulmonary rehabilitation, and [...] Read more.
Malnutrition has a negative impact on patients with chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD). The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of malnutrition, defined by the Global Leadership Initiative for Malnutrition (GLIM), in stable COPD patients referred to pulmonary rehabilitation, and to explore potential associations of malnutrition according to GLIM, and its components, with increased risk of mortality and hospitalizations in 2 years. In a post-hoc analysis of a prospective cohort of 200 rehabilitation patients with stable COPD, main outcome variables were hospital admissions, length of stay, and mortality during a 2-year follow-up. Covariates were malnutrition according to GLIM and its phenotypic criteria: unintentional weight loss, low body mass index (BMI), and low fat-free mass (FFM). Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed using logistic and proportional hazard Cox regression. Malnutrition according to GLIM showed 45% prevalence and was associated with increased mortality risk. Low age-related BMI and FFM were independently associated with mortality, which persisted after adjustment for age and lung function. Malnutrition and low BMI were also associated with increased risk of hospitalization. Malnutrition according to GLIM criteria was highly prevalent in rehabilitation patients with COPD and was associated with nearly 3 times greater mortality and hospitalization risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Diet and Chronic Inflammation)
14 pages, 269 KiB  
Article
Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Dietary Attitudes in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
by Josip Vrdoljak, Marino Vilović, Piero Marin Živković, Ivana Tadin Hadjina, Doris Rušić, Josipa Bukić, Josip Anđelo Borovac and Joško Božić
Nutrients 2020, 12(11), 3429; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113429 - 8 Nov 2020
Cited by 44 | Viewed by 5511
Abstract
A specific diet regimen is a promising way of managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with the Mediterranean diet (MD) being a likely candidate due to its potential to modulate gut inflammation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate nutritional habits and [...] Read more.
A specific diet regimen is a promising way of managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with the Mediterranean diet (MD) being a likely candidate due to its potential to modulate gut inflammation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate nutritional habits and dietary attitudes of IBD patients, and to assess their adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The study enrolled 50 Crohn’s disease and 44 ulcerative colitis patients, with clinical and laboratory parameters taken. Dietary attitudes were examined, and adherence to MD was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Service Score (MDSS). Average MDSS score was 6.0 (5.0–7.0), while only nine participants fulfilled criteria for Mediterranean diet adherence. Moreover, all of them were men (p = 0.021). Low percentage of adherence to recommended guidelines was observed for eating olive oil (25.5%), fresh fruit (14.9%), and vegetables (10.6%). Significant positive correlation was observed between total MDSS points and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (p = 0.002). The majority of the patients (86.2%) considered that a more controlled diet could reduce their IBD symptoms, while 17% visited a nutritionist for diet advice. The majority of patients (84%) would visit educational programs regarding nutrition. In conclusion, adherence to MD was very low, while IBD patients were willing to extend their nutritional knowledge if proper educational programs were organized. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Diet and Chronic Inflammation)

Review

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25 pages, 2476 KiB  
Review
The Effect of Dietary Interventions on Chronic Inflammatory Diseases in Relation to the Microbiome: A Systematic Review
by Carlijn A. Wagenaar, Marieke van de Put, Michelle Bisschops, Wendy Walrabenstein, Catharina S. de Jonge, Hilde Herrema and Dirkjan van Schaardenburg
Nutrients 2021, 13(9), 3208; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093208 - 15 Sep 2021
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 11256
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a central role in the pathophysiology of various non-communicable diseases. Dietary interventions can reduce inflammation, in part due to their effect on the gut microbiome. This systematic review aims to determine the effect of dietary interventions, specifically fiber intake, on [...] Read more.
Chronic inflammation plays a central role in the pathophysiology of various non-communicable diseases. Dietary interventions can reduce inflammation, in part due to their effect on the gut microbiome. This systematic review aims to determine the effect of dietary interventions, specifically fiber intake, on chronic inflammatory diseases and the microbiome. It aims to form hypotheses on the potential mediating effects of the microbiome on disease outcomes after dietary changes. Included were clinical trials which performed a dietary intervention with a whole diet change or fiber supplement (>5 g/day) and investigated the gut microbiome in patients diagnosed with chronic inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)). The 30 articles which met the inclusion criteria had an overall moderate to high risk of bias and were too heterogeneous to perform a meta-analysis. Dietary interventions were stratified based on fiber intake: low fiber, high fiber, and supplemental fiber. Overall, but most pronounced in patients with T2DM, high-fiber plant-based dietary interventions were consistently more effective at reducing disease-specific outcomes and pathogenic bacteria, as well as increasing microbiome alpha diversity and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, compared to other diets and fiber supplements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Diet and Chronic Inflammation)
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