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Diet in Prevention and Management of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 10783

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Prof. Dr. Małgorzata Maria Zwolińska-Wcisło

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Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical College, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Krakow, Poland
Interests: Crohn’s disease; ulcerative colitis; inflammatory; bowel disease; clinical nutrition;

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, the interplay of diet and gut health has gained increased attention. Appropriate nutrition strategies seem to be extremely important in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. In respect of the observed increase in the incidence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) around the world, it is essential to understand the impact of nutrition and dietary strategies on the course of IBD.

Previous studies have shown that diets such as the Western diet predispose individuals to develop IBD. Additionally, individual nutrients may influence the microbiota, which play a crucial role in triggering intestinal inflammation. Although many recent studies and guidelines have emphasized the role of diet in IBD, the potential of proper nutrition and its influence on the gut microbiome has not been sufficiently understood.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to provide new insight into the significance of nutrients and dietary habits in the prevention, treatment and occurrence of intestinal inflammation. We encourage the research community to deepen our understanding of the effects of diet on the course of IBD.

Prof. Dr. Małgorzata Maria Zwolińska-Wcisło
Guest Editor

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Keywords

IBD
dietary habits
Crohn's disease
ulcerative colitis
intestinal inflammation
nutrition
malnutrition
nutritional deficiencies

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 879 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Importance of Nutritional Aspects in the Assessment of Inflammation and Intestinal Barrier in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

by Olga Kaczmarczyk, Agnieszka Dąbek-Drobny, Agnieszka Piątek-Guziewicz, Michał Woźniakiewicz, Paweł Paśko, Justyna Dobrowolska-Iwanek, Aneta Woźniakiewicz, Aneta Targosz, Agata Ptak-Belowska, Urszula Szczyrk, Małgorzata Strzałka, Paweł Zagrodzki and Małgorzata Zwolińska-Wcisło

Nutrients 2022, 14(21), 4622; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14214622 - 2 Nov 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2313

Abstract

Intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is closely linked to nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate associations between nutritional, inflammatory, and intestinal barrier parameters in patients with IBD. We assessed nutritional status, fecal short-chain fatty acid profile, serum cytokine levels, and mRNA expression of enzymes and tight junction proteins in intestinal biopsies obtained from 35 patients, including 11 patients with inactive IBD, 18 patients with active IBD, and six controls. Patients with active IBD were characterized by hypoalbuminemia, fluctuations in body weight, and restriction of fiber-containing foods. In addition, they had significantly reduced levels of isovaleric acid and tended to have lower levels of butyric, acetic, and propionic acids. Patients with active IBD had higher mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and lower mRNA expression of claudin-2 and zonula occludens-1, compared with patients with inactive IBD. Moreover, patients with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m² had higher median tumor necrosis factor-α levels that those with a lower BMI. We comprehensively evaluated inflammatory parameters in relation to IBD activity and nutritional status. The discrepancies between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory parameters depending on IBD activity may be related to nutritional factors, including diet and abnormal body weight. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet in Prevention and Management of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis)

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10 pages, 1470 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Low-FODMAP Diet for the Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Remission of IBD

by Martyna Więcek, Paulina Panufnik, Magdalena Kaniewska, Konrad Lewandowski and Grażyna Rydzewska

Nutrients 2022, 14(21), 4562; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14214562 - 29 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3732

Abstract

Approximately 30% of patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) meet the diagnostic criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a low-FODMAP diet in patients who meet the diagnostic criteria for IBS whilst in IBD remission. A total of 200 patients in remission of IBD were included in the study. Sixty-five of these patients (32.5%) were diagnosed with IBS according to the R4DQ. On the patients who met the IBS diagnostic criteria, anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests and lactulose hydrogen breath tests were performed. A low-FODMAP diet was introduced for 6 weeks. Of the 59 patients with IBS diagnosed at baseline for whom data were collected at the end of follow-up, after the low-FODMAP intervention IBS-like symptoms were not present in 66.1% (n = 39) (95% CI (53.4%; 76.9%)). The difference between the two groups (with SIBO at baseline (33 of 48 patients) and without SIBO at baseline (6 of 11 patients)) in the low-FODMAP diet’s effectiveness was not statistically significant (p = 0.586). The low-FODMAP diet improved the gut symptoms of flatulence and diarrhea. It had no effect on the occurrence of constipation. In IBD patients in remission who meet the IBS criteria, the dietary intervention of a low-FODMAP diet is effective for a reduction in IBS-like symptoms, regardless of the coexistence of bacterial overgrowth. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet in Prevention and Management of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis)

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12 pages, 620 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of the Clustering Technique to Multiple Nutritional Factors Related to Inflammation and Disease Progression in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

by Agnieszka Dąbek-Drobny, Olga Kaczmarczyk, Agnieszka Piątek-Guziewicz, Michał Woźniakiewicz, Paweł Paśko, Justyna Dobrowolska-Iwanek, Aneta Woźniakiewicz, Aneta Targosz, Agata Ptak-Belowska, Paweł Zagrodzki and Małgorzata Zwolińska-Wcisło

Nutrients 2022, 14(19), 3960; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14193960 - 23 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1569

Abstract

Diet and nutritional status affect intestinal inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to use a cluster analysis to assess structural similarity between different groups of parameters including short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels in stool as well as hematological and inflammatory parameters (such as serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines). We also assessed similarity between IBD patients in terms of various biochemical features of disease activity and nutritional status. A total of 48 participants were enrolled, including 36 patients with IBD and 12 controls. We identified four main meaningful clusters of parameters. The first cluster included all SCFAs with strong mutual correlations. The second cluster contained red blood cell parameters and albumin levels. The third cluster included proinflammatory parameters such as tumor necrosis factor-α, CRP, platelets, and phosphoric, succinic, and lactic acids. The final cluster revealed an association between zonulin and interleukins IL-10, IL-17, and IL-22. Moreover, we observed an inverse correlation between IL-6 and body mass index. Our findings suggest a link between nutritional status, diet, and inflammatory parameters in patients with IBD, which contribute to a better adjustment of the nutritional treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet in Prevention and Management of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis)

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Review

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22 pages, 681 KiB

Open AccessReview

Impact of Obesity on the Course of Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Review

by Agata Michalak, Beata Kasztelan-Szczerbińska and Halina Cichoż-Lach

Nutrients 2022, 14(19), 3983; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14193983 - 25 Sep 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2460

Abstract

It is already well-known that visceral adipose tissue is inseparably related to the pathogenesis, activity, and general outcome of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We are getting closer and closer to the molecular background of this loop, finding certain relationships between activated mesenteric tissue and inflammation within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, relatively new data have been uncovered, indicating a direct impact of body fat on the pattern of pharmacological treatment in the course of IBD. On the other hand, ileal and colonic types of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis appear to be more diversified than it was thought in the past. However, the question arises whether at this stage we are able to translate this knowledge into the practical management of IBD patients or we are still exploring the scientific background of this pathology, having no specific tools to be used directly in patients. Our review explores IBD in the context of obesity and associated disorders, focusing on adipokines, creeping fat, and possible relationships between these disorders and the treatment of IBD patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet in Prevention and Management of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis)

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