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Pharmaceutics
Special Issues
Starch in Drug Delivery Systems
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Starch in Drug Delivery Systems

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Drug Delivery and Controlled Release".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2020) | Viewed by 12475

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Luis Pleno de Gouveia

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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmaceutics, Universidade de Lisboa and Research Institute for Medicine (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: drug delivery systems and product development; analytical development and validation; quality by design; chemometrics and data analysis; regulatory affairs
Dr. Joana Marques Marto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: transdermal/topical systems; skin delivery; cosmetic formulations; 3D printing; quality-by-design
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Starch is the most abundant storage reserve of carbohydrates in plants. It is found in many different plant organs, including seeds, fruits, tubers and roots. This natural material is an edible food substance and is considered as non-toxic and non-irritant. Starch is also biocompatible, biodegradable and inexpensive. Due to its unique properties, it has been extensively used in various pharmaceutical applications as a binder, stabilizer, drug delivery vehicle, among many other functions.

The pharmaceutical industry is undergoing a period of significant change as the patents of many drug products are expiring and being successfully challenged by generic products. The loss in business revenue is not currently being counterbalanced by new products being approved for marketing. To deal with this situation, scientists and technologists need to develop (i) new delivery systems, substantially better than the existing ones and (ii) explore new ways of using old excipients. The later requirement - exploring novel applications for old excipients with a history of safe use in medicine - is a smart strategy to obtain improved medicinal products.

This Special Issue serves to highlight the most recent developments and findings in starch-based drug delivery. Articles covering different aspects of drug development and dosage form design are welcome.

Dr. Luis Pleno de Gouveia
Dr. Joana Marques Marto
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pharmaceutics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • starch
  • dosage forms
  • formulation concept
  • drug delivery
  • processing
  • characterization
  • quality control

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 3468 KiB  
Article
Effects of Starch Incorporation on the Physicochemical Properties and Release Kinetics of Alginate-Based 3D Hydrogel Patches for Topical Delivery
by Sara Bom, Catarina Santos, Rita Barros, Ana M. Martins, Patrizia Paradiso, Ricardo Cláudio, Pedro Contreiras Pinto, Helena M. Ribeiro and Joana Marto
Pharmaceutics 2020, 12(8), 719; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12080719 - 31 Jul 2020
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 4665
Abstract
The development of printable hydrogel inks for extrusion-based 3D printing is opening new possibilities to the production of new and/or improved pharmaceutical forms, specifically for topical application. Alginate and starch are natural polysaccharides that have been extensively exploited due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, [...] Read more.
The development of printable hydrogel inks for extrusion-based 3D printing is opening new possibilities to the production of new and/or improved pharmaceutical forms, specifically for topical application. Alginate and starch are natural polysaccharides that have been extensively exploited due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, viscosity properties, low toxicity, and relatively low cost. This research work aimed to study the physicochemical and release kinetic effects of starch incorporation in alginate-based 3D hydrogel patches for topical delivery using a quality by design approach. The incorporation of a pregelatinized starch is also proposed as a way to improve the properties of the drug delivery system while maintaining the desired quality characteristics. Critical material attributes and process parameters were identified, and the sensitivity and adequacy of each parameter were statistically analyzed. The impact of alginate, starch, and CaCl2·2H2O amounts on relevant quality attributes was estimated crosswise. The amount of starch revealed a synergetic impact on porosity (p = 0.0021). An evident increase in the size and quantity of open pores were detected in the as printed patches as well as after crosslinking (15.6 ± 5.2 µm). In vitro drug release studies from the optimized alginate-starch 3D hydrogel patch, using the probe Rhodamine B, showed an initial high burst release, followed by a controlled release mechanism. The results obtained also showed that the viscoelastic properties, printing accuracy, gelation time, microstructure, and release rates can be modulated by varying the amount of starch added to the system. Furthermore, these results can be considered an excellent baseline for future drug release modulation strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Starch in Drug Delivery Systems)
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20 pages, 1902 KiB  
Article
Design, Optimization, and Correlation of In Vitro/In Vivo Disintegration of Novel Fast Orally Disintegrating Tablet of High Dose Metformin Hydrochloride Using Moisture Activated Dry Granulation Process and Quality by Design Approach
by Alhussain H. Aodah, Mohamed H. Fayed, Ahmed Alalaiwe, Bader B. Alsulays, Mohammed F. Aldawsari and El-Sayed Khafagy
Pharmaceutics 2020, 12(7), 598; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12070598 - 27 Jun 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3988
Abstract
Compression of cohesive, poorly compactable, and high-dose metformin hydrochloride into the orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) is challenging. The objective of this study was to develop metformin ODT using the moisture activated dry granulation (MADG) process. There are no reports in the literature regarding [...] Read more.
Compression of cohesive, poorly compactable, and high-dose metformin hydrochloride into the orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) is challenging. The objective of this study was to develop metformin ODT using the moisture activated dry granulation (MADG) process. There are no reports in the literature regarding the development of ODT based on MADG technology. The feasibility of developing metformin ODT was assessed utilizing a 32 full factorial design to elucidate the influence of water amount (X1) and the amount of pregelatinized starch (PGS; X2) as independent variables on key granules and tablets’ characteristics. The prepared granules and tablets were characterized for granule size, bulk density, flow properties, tablets’ weight variation, breaking force, friability, capping tendency, in vitro and in vivo disintegration, and drug release. Regression analysis showed that X1 and X2 had a significant (p ≤ 0.05) impact on key granules and tablets’ properties with a predominant effect of the water amount. Otherwise, the amount of PGS had a pronounced effect on tablet disintegration. Optimized ODT was found to show better mechanical strength, low friability, and short disintegration time in the oral cavity. Finally, this technique is expected to provide better ODT for many kinds of high-dose drugs that can improve the quality of life of patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Starch in Drug Delivery Systems)
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14 pages, 3936 KiB  
Article
Influence of Acetylated Annealed Starch on the Release of β-Escin from the Anionic and Non-Ionic Hydrophilic Gels
by Justyna Kobryń, Tomasz Zięba, Sandra Karolina Sowa and Witold Musiał
Pharmaceutics 2020, 12(1), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12010084 - 20 Jan 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3143
Abstract
Naturally sourced products introduced to human nutrition and rediscovered for therapy include polysaccharides from potatoes. The starch may obtain unique properties via acetylation with acetic anhydride at 13 cm3/100 g of starch as the basic dose of reagent used in industrial [...] Read more.
Naturally sourced products introduced to human nutrition and rediscovered for therapy include polysaccharides from potatoes. The starch may obtain unique properties via acetylation with acetic anhydride at 13 cm3/100 g of starch as the basic dose of reagent used in industrial conditions. The hydrogel formulation was applied as a carrier for escin included in the dry extract of Aesculus hippocastanum. Six hydrogels were evaluated (methylcellulose, polyacrylic acid-Carbopol 980 NF and polyacrylate crosspolymer 11—Aristoflex Velvet) with various concentrations of the modified starch. The kinetic studies of in vitro β-escin release were carried out in purified water at 37 ± 0.5 °C using a paddle apparatus at 50 rpm and a time period of 7 h. The criterion for the most suitable model was based on a high correlation coefficient of evaluated release profiles. The addition of modified annealed acetylated potato starch resulted in prolongation of β-escin release. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Starch in Drug Delivery Systems)
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