Phytochemicals in Plants: Recent Developments on the Occurrence, Composition, Stability, Health, Food and Pharmaceutical Applications—2nd Edition

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Phytochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 2454

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Department of Food Science, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timişoara, Aradului Str. 119, 300645 Timişoara, Romania
Interests: food quality; plant extracts; antioxidant activity; micro- and nanoencapsulation; cyclodextrins
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

New trends in the use of natural compounds in many fields, such as food and pharmaceuticals, increasingly make phytochemicals the focus of researchers' attention. Phytochemicals are biologically active compounds from plants. They are primary and secondary metabolites that provide a wide range of valuable bioactivities including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasitic, and antifungal effects, as well as anticancer and chemotherapeutic properties. Additionally, some phytochemicals are toxic or have detrimental effects to humans. This Special Issue, “Phytochemicals in Plants: Recent Developments On The Occurrence, Composition, Stability, Health, Food And Pharmaceutical Applications—2nd Edition”, focuses on the most recent findings regarding the identification and quantification of new and/or highly bioactive phytochemicals in various plants, including green algae and land plants (e.g., flowering plants, cereals, fruits, and vegetables), as well as their separation, purification, and structural characterization. Modern and recent developments in the methods of separation and analysis can be highlighted. Moreover, the degradation and stability of such compounds, including innovative stabilization techniques, are accepted. The mechanisms involved in phytochemical biosynthesis and biological activities (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, or anticancer effects) are accepted. Finally, studies on phytochemical applications, especially in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic fields, are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Nicoleta-Gabriela Hădărugă
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • plant phytochemicals
  • antioxidants
  • flavonoids
  • anthocyanins
  • terpenoids
  • carotenoids
  • alkaloids
  • tannins
  • saponins
  • phytosterols
  • vitamins
  • biological activity
  • food applications
  • pharmaceutical applications

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1849 KiB  
Article
Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Changes in Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Euphorbia maculata Callus
by Gyeong Han Jeong, Shubhpreet Kaur, Youngchul Yoo, Young Bae Ryu, Seo Jun Lee, Kwang-Woo Jung, Moon-Soo Chung, Hyoung-Woo Bai, Jin-Hong Kim, Sungbeom Lee, Tae Hoon Kim, Byung Yeoup Chung and Seung Sik Lee
Plants 2024, 13(16), 2306; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13162306 - 19 Aug 2024
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Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of gamma irradiation on the antioxidant activity and metabolite profiles of Euphorbia maculata calli (PC3012). Gamma irradiation at various doses (0, 0.05, 0.5, and 10 kGy) significantly enhanced the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid [...] Read more.
In this study, we investigated the effects of gamma irradiation on the antioxidant activity and metabolite profiles of Euphorbia maculata calli (PC3012). Gamma irradiation at various doses (0, 0.05, 0.5, and 10 kGy) significantly enhanced the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS+) radical scavenging activities of the callus extracts of PC3012 in a dose-dependent manner. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) analyses revealed that irradiation increased the lysophospholipid content, although no new antioxidant compounds were formed. Furthermore, a PLS-DA analysis revealed evident metabolic differences between non-irradiated and irradiated samples, which were further verified by statistical validation. These findings suggest that gamma irradiation induces specific biochemical modifications that enhance the bioactive properties of PC3012 calli. This technology exhibits potential for utilization in the natural product and food sectors, particularly in the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals with improved health benefits. Full article
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11 pages, 2685 KiB  
Article
Phytochemical Characterization and Bioactivity Evaluation of Extracts Obtained via Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Medicinal Plant Phedimus aizoon
by Jeongho Lee, Minji Kim, Hyerim Son, Seunghee Kim, Sangjin Jo, Agiimaa Janchiv, Soo-Yong Kim, Taek Lee and Hah Young Yoo
Plants 2024, 13(14), 1915; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13141915 - 11 Jul 2024
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Abstract
Phedimus aizoon has been utilized as a medicinal plant in Asia. However, the production of phytochemical-rich extracts from P. aizoon and the evaluation of their bioactivity are limited. Herein, phytochemical-rich extracts were prepared by ultrasound-assisted extraction of P. aizoon, with a high [...] Read more.
Phedimus aizoon has been utilized as a medicinal plant in Asia. However, the production of phytochemical-rich extracts from P. aizoon and the evaluation of their bioactivity are limited. Herein, phytochemical-rich extracts were prepared by ultrasound-assisted extraction of P. aizoon, with a high extraction yield of 16.56%. The extracts contained about 126 mg of phenolics and 31 mg of flavonoids per g of the extracts. The chromatographic analysis (GC-MS and HPLC analyses) identified 19 notable phytochemicals of the extracts from P. aizoon, including pentacosane, hexadecanoic acid, gallic acid, vanillic acid, and quercetin. The gallic acid content of the extracts was relatively high at 2.75 mg/g. The identified compounds are known to have various bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. In fact, the prepared extracts exhibited antioxidant activity at 24–28% of that of ascorbic acid. In addition, it showed antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria). This study highlights that P. aizoon deserves attention as a natural bioactive substance and emphasizes the need for applications of the extracts from P. aizoon. Full article
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12 pages, 1186 KiB  
Article
Quantitative Determination of Biogenic Element Contents and Phytochemicals of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) Cooked Using Different Techniques
by Fahad AlJuhaimi, Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed, Mehmet Musa Özcan, Nurhan Uslu and Zainab Albakry
Plants 2024, 13(10), 1283; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13101283 - 7 May 2024
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Abstract
In this study, the effect of different cooking techniques on broccoli moisture, total phenolic, total flavonoid, and radical scavenging capacity results, polyphenol contents, and their quantitative values was investigated. The total phenolic quantities of fresh and cooked broccoli samples were assessed to be [...] Read more.
In this study, the effect of different cooking techniques on broccoli moisture, total phenolic, total flavonoid, and radical scavenging capacity results, polyphenol contents, and their quantitative values was investigated. The total phenolic quantities of fresh and cooked broccoli samples were assessed to be between 36.32 (conventional boiling) and 423.39 mg GAE/100 g (microwave heating). The radical scavenging activities of the broccoli samples were reported between 2.55 (conventional boiling) and 4.99 mmol/kg (microwave heating). In addition, catechin and rutin quantities of the fresh and cooked broccoli samples were measured to be between 2.24 (conventional boiling) and 54.48 mg/100 g (microwave heating), and between 0.55 (conventional boiling) and 16.33 mg/100 g (microwave heating), respectively. The most abundant elements in fresh and cooked broccoli samples were K, Ca, P, S, and Mg. The results showed some changes depending on cooking techniques compared to the control. The bioactive properties of broccoli samples cooked by means of conventional boiling, boiling in vacuum bag, and high-pressure boiling were established to be lower compared to the fresh sample. Catechin, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, rutin, and gallic acid were the key phenolic compounds of fresh and cooked broccoli samples. The phenolic components of broccoli were significantly affected by the applied cooking techniques. The highest protein in broccoli samples was determined in the broccoli sample cooked by boiling in a vacuum bag. There were statistically significant changes among the mineral results of broccoli cooked with different cooking methods. Full article
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