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Genetics and Breeding of Crops
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Genetics and Breeding of Crops

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 April 2023) | Viewed by 8849

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jun Hu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
Interests: plant physiology; rice; gene; molecular mechanism of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility res-toration in rice; rice functional genomics research and new gene mining and utilization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Crops have been domesticated for thousands of years. Currently, the world population is rapidly growing, but environmental deterioration, pests and disease greatly affect crop production and threaten food security. It is estimated that global agricultural production must increase by 70% by 2050 to satisfy the growing demand for food. Crops are also studied as model plants to resolve some fundamental scientific problems. Yield, genetics, development, plant architecture, resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, interactions between species, and plant hormones are considered in these studies. This Special Issue of Plants will highlight gene characterization, molecular mechanisms, evolution, breeding, interactions between crops and pests or disease, biotic stress and abiotic stress, and new technologies.

Prof. Dr. Jun Hu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • genetics
  • crops
  • gene characterization
  • breeding
  • stress
  • evolution

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 1327 KiB  
Article
Accuracy of Selection in Early Generations of Field Pea Breeding Increases by Exploiting the Information Contained in Correlated Traits
by Felipe A. Castro-Urrea, Maria P. Urricariet, Katia T. Stefanova, Li Li, Wesley M. Moss, Andrew L. Guzzomi, Olaf Sass, Kadambot H. M. Siddique and Wallace A. Cowling
Plants 2023, 12(5), 1141; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12051141 - 2 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1804
Abstract
Accuracy of predicted breeding values (PBV) for low heritability traits may be increased in early generations by exploiting the information available in correlated traits. We compared the accuracy of PBV for 10 correlated traits with low to medium narrow-sense heritability ( [...] Read more.
Accuracy of predicted breeding values (PBV) for low heritability traits may be increased in early generations by exploiting the information available in correlated traits. We compared the accuracy of PBV for 10 correlated traits with low to medium narrow-sense heritability (h2) in a genetically diverse field pea (Pisum sativum L.) population after univariate or multivariate linear mixed model (MLMM) analysis with pedigree information. In the contra-season, we crossed and selfed S1 parent plants, and in the main season we evaluated spaced plants of S0 cross progeny and S2+ (S2 or higher) self progeny of parent plants for the 10 traits. Stem strength traits included stem buckling (SB) (h2 = 0.05), compressed stem thickness (CST) (h2 = 0.12), internode length (IL) (h2 = 0.61) and angle of the main stem above horizontal at first flower (EAngle) (h2 = 0.46). Significant genetic correlations of the additive effects occurred between SB and CST (0.61), IL and EAngle (−0.90) and IL and CST (−0.36). The average accuracy of PBVs in S0 progeny increased from 0.799 to 0.841 and in S2+ progeny increased from 0.835 to 0.875 in univariate vs MLMM, respectively. An optimized mating design was constructed with optimal contribution selection based on an index of PBV for the 10 traits, and predicted genetic gain in the next cycle ranged from 1.4% (SB), 5.0% (CST), 10.5% (EAngle) and −10.5% (IL), with low achieved parental coancestry of 0.12. MLMM improved the potential genetic gain in annual cycles of early generation selection in field pea by increasing the accuracy of PBV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics and Breeding of Crops)
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16 pages, 1831 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Leaf Rust Resistance in International Barley Germplasm Using Genome-Wide Association Studies
by Laura A. Ziems, Lovepreet Singh, Peter M. Dracatos, Mark J. Dieters, Miguel Sanchez-Garcia, Ahmed Amri, Ramesh Pal Singh Verma, Robert F. Park and Davinder Singh
Plants 2023, 12(4), 862; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12040862 - 14 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1749
Abstract
A panel of 114 genetically diverse barley lines were assessed in the greenhouse and field for resistance to the pathogen Puccinia hordei, the causal agent of barley leaf rust. Multi-pathotype tests revealed that 16.6% of the lines carried the all-stage resistance (ASR) [...] Read more.
A panel of 114 genetically diverse barley lines were assessed in the greenhouse and field for resistance to the pathogen Puccinia hordei, the causal agent of barley leaf rust. Multi-pathotype tests revealed that 16.6% of the lines carried the all-stage resistance (ASR) gene Rph3, followed by Rph2 (4.4%), Rph1 (1.7%), Rph12 (1.7%) or Rph19 (1.7%). Five lines (4.4%) were postulated to carry the gene combinations Rph2+9.am, Rph2+19 and Rph8+19. Three lines (2.6%) were postulated to carry Rph15 based on seedling rust tests and genotyping with a marker linked closely to this gene. Based on greenhouse seedling tests and adult-plant field tests, 84 genotypes (73.7%) were identified as carrying APR, and genotyping with molecular markers linked closely to three known APR genes (Rph20, Rph23 and Rph24) revealed that 48 of the 84 genotypes (57.1%) likely carry novel (uncharacterized) sources of APR. Seven lines were found to carry known APR gene combinations (Rph20+Rph23, Rph23+Rph24 and Rph20+Rph24), and these lines had higher levels of field resistance compared to those carrying each of these three APR genes singly. GWAS identified 12 putative QTLs; strongly associated markers located on chromosomes 1H, 2H, 3H, 5H and 7H. Of these, the QTL on chromosome 7H had the largest effect on resistance response to P. hordei. Overall, these studies detected several potentially novel genomic regions associated with resistance. The findings provide useful information for breeders to support the utilization of these sources of resistance to diversify resistance to leaf rust in barley and increase resistance durability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics and Breeding of Crops)
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23 pages, 3924 KiB  
Article
QTL Mapping for Important Agronomic Traits Using a Wheat55K SNP Array-Based Genetic Map in Tetraploid Wheat
by Chao Ma, Le Liu, Tianxiang Liu, Yatao Jia, Qinqin Jiang, Haibo Bai, Sishuang Ma, Shuhua Li and Zhonghua Wang
Plants 2023, 12(4), 847; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12040847 - 14 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2046
Abstract
Wheat yield is highly correlated with plant height, heading date, spike characteristics, and kernel traits. In this study, we used the wheat55K single nucleotide polymorphism array to genotype a recombinant inbred line population of 165 lines constructed by crossing two tetraploid wheat materials, [...] Read more.
Wheat yield is highly correlated with plant height, heading date, spike characteristics, and kernel traits. In this study, we used the wheat55K single nucleotide polymorphism array to genotype a recombinant inbred line population of 165 lines constructed by crossing two tetraploid wheat materials, Icaro and Y4. A genetic linkage map with a total length of 6244.51 cM was constructed, covering 14 chromosomes of tetraploid wheat. QTLs for 12 important agronomic traits, including plant height (PH), heading date (HD), awn color (AC), spike-branching (SB), and related traits of spike and kernel, were mapped in multiple environments, while combined QTL-by-environment interactions and epistatic effects were analyzed for each trait. A total of 52 major or stable QTLs were identified, among which may be some novel loci controlling PH, SB, and kernel length-width ratio (LWR), etc., with LOD values ranging from 2.51 to 54.49, thereby explaining 2.40–66.27% of the phenotypic variation. Based on the ‘China Spring’ and durum wheat reference genome annotations, candidate genes were predicted for four stable QTLs, QPH.nwafu-2B.2 (165.67–166.99 cM), QAC.nwafu-3A.1 (419.89–420.52 cM), QAC.nwafu-4A.1 (424.31–447.4 cM), and QLWR.nwafu-7A.1 (166.66–175.46 cM). Thirty-one QTL clusters and 44 segregation distortion regions were also detected, and 38 and 18 major or stable QTLs were included in these clusters and segregation distortion regions, respectively. These results provide QTLs with breeding application potential in tetraploid wheat that broadens the genetic basis of important agronomic traits such as PH, HD, AC, SB, etc., and benefits wheat breeding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics and Breeding of Crops)
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10 pages, 314 KiB  
Article
Inbreeding and Genetic Erosion from a Finite Model of a Synthetic Formed with Single Crosses
by Jaime Sahagún-Castellanos, Aureliano Peña-Lomelí, Denise Arellano-Suarez and Juan Enrique Rodríguez-Pérez
Plants 2023, 12(3), 541; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030541 - 25 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1179
Abstract
When a seed produced by a single-cross (SC) maize hybrid is sown, the resulting grain yield is usually lower than that of the hybrid due to the inbreeding generated. However, if a seed from a mixture of s hybrids were sown instead, the [...] Read more.
When a seed produced by a single-cross (SC) maize hybrid is sown, the resulting grain yield is usually lower than that of the hybrid due to the inbreeding generated. However, if a seed from a mixture of s hybrids were sown instead, the synthetic variety thus formed (SynSC) would have a lower inbreeding coefficient (FSynSC) and a higher grain yield. The grain yield s, the finite number of representatives of each parent SC (m) and the inbreeding coefficient of the parent lines of the SCs (F) are related to the FSynSC. In addition, randomness and the finite size of m can cause the loss of genes and genotypes and increase the FSynSC. The objectives of this study were to derive formulas for (1) expressing FSynSC in terms of m, F, and s, and (2) calculating the probability of the occurrence of gene and genotype loss. It was found that for the probability of no genotype being missing from the progeny representing a parent to be at least 0.95, it is necessary that m ≥ 15. It was also found that a sample size of 7 is sufficient for FSynSC to stabilize, more visibly as F is larger, and for the probability of the occurrence of erosion to be practically zero. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics and Breeding of Crops)
12 pages, 1521 KiB  
Article
Chemical and Genetic Variability of Istrian Foeniculum vulgare Wild Populations
by Mitja Križman and Jernej Jakše
Plants 2022, 11(17), 2239; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11172239 - 29 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1159
Abstract
Wild Foeniculum vulgare populations from the region of Istria have been subjected to a genetic and chemical study. Headspace-gas chromatography analysis of volatile secondary metabolites and PCR-RFLP analysis of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region has been chosen to analyze the chemical [...] Read more.
Wild Foeniculum vulgare populations from the region of Istria have been subjected to a genetic and chemical study. Headspace-gas chromatography analysis of volatile secondary metabolites and PCR-RFLP analysis of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region has been chosen to analyze the chemical and genetic traits of single plants, respectively. Large intrapopulation and interpopulation differences have been observed in both chemical profiles and restriction patterns of PCR products. The data from chemical and genetic analyses were pooled and used to assess allele frequencies of three putative genetic loci on individual populations. The pooled allele frequencies were used to determine interpopulation distances for phenogram reconstruction. The combined use of chemical and genetic datasets for genetic variation analysis proved to be a more comprehensive approach for such a study, compared to the use of single datasets, even using such relatively simple analytical tools. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics and Breeding of Crops)
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