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Recent Advances in Catalysis by Transition Metals

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A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Catalysis Enhanced Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2021) | Viewed by 14824

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vincent Terrasson

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Guest Editor

TIMR, ESCOM/UTC, 1 Allée du Réseau Jean-Marie Buckmaster, 60200 Compiègne, France
Interests: biomass; lignin; green chemistry; organocatalysis; cross-coupling; catalysis; organic synthesis; asymmetric synthesis; nanoparticles; homogeneous catalysis; supported catalysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Victorien Jeux

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TIMR, ESCOM/UTC, 1 allée du réseau Jean-Marie Buckmaster, 60200 Compiègne, France
Interests: preparation of new materials for organic electronics with eco-friendly syntheses (-conjugated systems, polymers, photovoltaic)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Catalysis is one of the twelve principles of Green Chemistry. At present, nearly 95% of products synthesized by chemical industries are prepared with at least one step using catalysis, and the catalytic systems based on transition metals have found numerous applications in fine chemistry. However, even if the usefulness of catalysis for the synthesis of highly valuable molecules is well known, its development and expansion in industrial processes are still hampered by several obstacles. Indeed, frequent uses of high catalyst loadings combined with the difficulty to recycle the most commonly employed homogeneous catalysts result in an important consumption of noble metals and a potentially high cost for the process. Moreover, reactions catalyzed by heterogeneous catalysts usually suffer from a weak selectivity and the need for harsher conditions. Therefore, the development of new highly efficient and selective catalysts or improvements of the existing catalytic processes are still necessary.

This Special Issue collects original research papers or reviews focused on catalysis by transition metals. This Special Issue aims to cover recent progress and advances in designing new catalysts (with an improved activity or selectivity compared to existing ones), developing catalytic transformations towards valuable molecules or materials (with a reduced number of steps or milder conditions than previously described) or improving catalytic processes (greener conditions, recyclability, etc.)

Topics include but are not limited to:

Synthesis and characterization of new transition metal complexes with enhanced catalytic properties;
Investigations on heterogeneous catalysis with transition metals;
Preparation of transition metal nanoparticles for catalytic transformations;
Development of new catalytic transformations;
Use of catalytic processes for the synthesis of important building blocks, valuable molecules or materials;
Transition metal catalysis as a powerful tool for green chemistry.

Dr. Vincent Terrasson
Dr. Victorien Jeux
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

catalysts
transition metals
metal complexes
homogeneous catalysis
nanoparticles
heterogenous catalysis
photocatalysis
green chemistry

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 12340 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Morphology and Structure Controls of Single-Atom Fe–N–C Catalysts Synthesized Using FePc Powders as the Precursor

by Ning Yan, Fan Liu, Xu Meng, Meng Qin, Guangqi Zhu, Luxia Bu, Zigeng Liu and Wei Wang

Processes 2021, 9(1), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9010109 - 7 Jan 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2102

Abstract

Understanding the origin of the high electrocatalytic activity of Fe–N–C electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction is critical but still challenging for developing efficient sustainable nonprecious metal catalysts used in fuel cells. Although there are plenty of papers concerning the morphology on the surface Fe–N–C catalysts, there is very little work discussing how temperature and pressure control the growth of nanoparticles. In our lab, a unique organic vapor deposition technology was developed to investigate the effect of the temperature and pressure on catalysts. The results indicated that synthesized catalysts exhibited three kinds of morphology—nanorods, nanofibers, and nanogranules—corresponding to different synthesis processes. The growth of the crystal is the root cause of the difference in the surface morphology of the catalyst, which can reasonably explain the effect of the temperature and pressure. The oxygen reduction reaction current densities of the different catalysts at potential 0.88 V increased in the following order: FePc (1.04 mA/cm²) < Pt/C catalyst (1.54 mA/cm²)

\approx

Fe–N–C-f catalyst (1.64 mA/cm²) < Fe–N–C-g catalyst (2.12 mA/cm²) < Fe–N–C-r catalyst (2.35 mA/cm²). By changing the morphology of the catalyst surface, this study proved that the higher performance of the catalysts can be obtained. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Catalysis by Transition Metals)

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12 pages, 1292 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions of (4-bromophenyl)-4,6-dichloropyrimidine through Commercially Available Palladium Catalyst: Synthesis, Optimization and Their Structural Aspects Identification through Computational Studies

by Ayesha Malik, Nasir Rasool, Iram Kanwal, Muhammad Ali Hashmi, Ameer Fawad Zahoor, Gulraiz Ahmad, Ataf Ali Altaf, Syed Adnan Ali Shah, Sadia Sultan and Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria

Processes 2020, 8(11), 1342; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8111342 - 23 Oct 2020

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2717

Abstract

5-(4-bromophenyl)-4,6-dichloropyrimidine was arylated with several aryl/heteroaryl boronic acids via the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction by using Pd(0) catalyst to yield novel pyrimidine analogs (3a-h). It was optimized so that good yields were obtained when 5 mol % Pd(PPh3)4 was used along with K₃PO₄ and 1,4-Dioxane. Electron-rich boronic acids were succeeded to produce good yields of products. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also applied on these new compounds to analyze their reactivity descriptors and electronic and structural relationship. According to DFT studies, compound 3f is the most reactive one, while 3g is the most stable one. As per DFT studies, the hyperpolarizability (β) values of these compounds do not show them as very good non-linear optical (NLO) materials. Compound 3f has the highest β value among all the compounds under study but still it is not high enough to render it a potent NLO material. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Catalysis by Transition Metals)

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20 pages, 3639 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Attractiveness of the Ternary Rh-Pd-Pt Alloys for CO Oxidation Process

by Aleksey A. Vedyagin, Yury V. Shubin, Roman M. Kenzhin, Pavel E. Plyusnin and Vladimir O. Stoyanovskii

Processes 2020, 8(8), 928; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8080928 - 2 Aug 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3175

Abstract

Ternary alloys of platinum group metals attract a growing interest due to their unique catalytic properties. The present research is aimed to synthesize a series of Rh-Pd-Pt alloys with varied ratios of metals using a single-source precursor approach. Rhodium and palladium are partly miscible metals, while each of these metals is unlimitedly miscible with platinum. Thermolysis of complex salts used as a precursor results in the formation of metastable systems. The 3D nanostructure alloys are being formed after the complete decomposition of the single-source precursor. High-resolution transmission electron microscopic studies have shown that the nanoalloys are composed of interconnected polycrystalline ligaments with a mean diameter of 50 nm. The single-phase composition is confirmed by an X-ray diffraction analysis. The ratio of metals plays an important role in determining the catalytic activity of alumina-supported alloys and their thermal stability. According to UV-vis spectroscopy data, the higher palladium portion corresponds to worse dispersion of initially prepared, fresh catalysts. Treatment of the catalysts under prompt thermal aging conditions (up to 800 °C) causes redispersion of palladium-rich alloyed nanoparticles, thus leading to improved catalytic activity and thermal stability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Catalysis by Transition Metals)

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Review

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19 pages, 2452 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

A Review on the Role of Amorphous Aluminum Compounds in Catalysis: Avenues of Investigation and Potential Application in Petrochemistry and Oil Refining

by Aliya N. Mukhamed’yarova, Bulat I. Gareev, Danis K. Nurgaliev, Firdavs A. Aliev and Alexey V. Vakhin

Processes 2021, 9(10), 1811; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9101811 - 12 Oct 2021

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3839

Abstract

Aluminum oxides and hydroxides are widely applied because of the great variety of their modifications. In particular, aluminum oxides and hydroxides are used in petrochemistry and oil refining. However, amorphous aluminum compounds have not been sufficiently studied due to the complexity of their synthesis and the problems encountered during their study. The study of amorphous aluminum compounds is hindered by the ambiguity of terminology. In this work, the structures of amorphous aluminum compounds prepared by different methods and the properties that determine their applications have been highlighted in detail. Amorphous aluminum compounds play both positive and negative roles in petrochemistry; however, in petroleum refining, amorphous compounds (without promoters and transition metal salts) demonstrate a promising catalytic performance in oil upgrading. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Catalysis by Transition Metals)

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14 pages, 2318 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

N-Tosylcarboxamide in C–H Functionalization: More than a Simple Directing Group

by Benjamin Large, Vincent Terrasson and Damien Prim

Processes 2020, 8(8), 981; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8080981 - 13 Aug 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2150

Abstract

C–H activation with transition metal catalysis has become an important tool in organic synthesis for the functionalization of low reactive bonds and the preparation of complex molecules. The choice of the directing group (DG) proves to be crucial for the selectivity in this type of reaction, and several different functional groups have been used efficiently. This review describes recent advances in C–H functionalization of aromatic rings directed by a N-tosylcarboxamide group. Results regarding alkenylation, alkoxylation, halogenation, and arylation of C–H in the ortho position to the tosylcarboxamide are presented. Moreover, the advantage of this particular directing group is that it can undergo further transformation and act as CO or CON fragment reservoir to produce, in sequential fashion or one-pot sequence, various interesting (hetero)cycles such as phenanthridinones, dihydroisoquinolinones, fluorenones, or isoindolinones. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Catalysis by Transition Metals)

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