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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Hazards and Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 8957

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Zhengzhong Wang

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Guest Editor

Department of Hydraulic Structure, College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 23 Weihui Road, Yangling, Xi’an 712100, China
Interests: hydraulic engineering; hydraulic structure; numerical modeling; structural dynamics; hydrodynamics; computational mechanics; structural engineering; dam engineering

Prof. Dr. Songbai Song

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 23 Weihui Road, Yangling, Xi’an 712100, Shaanxi, China
Interests: water resources, hydrology, climate change

Prof. Dr. Chao Liu

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Guest Editor

State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Interests: water and soil resources and environment; flood disaster prevention

Prof. Dr. Xiaohui Lei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
Interests: forecast and dispatch of water resources system; hydraulic engineering group regulation model

Prof. Dr. Heng Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi’an 710000, China
Interests: hydraulic engineering; high slope engineering; dam engineering; numerical modeling; multi-energy complementation of clean energy; BIM and digitization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hydraulic engineering plays a major role in global water security and sustainable energy development, particularly in climate change and extreme weather scenarios, for the purpose of flood mitigation, river environment protection and energy generation in wind–photovoltaic–hydropower systems intended to achieve carbon neutral energy transition. However, issues such flow-induced vibration, cavitation and catastrophic failure occur during the operation of hydraulic structures such as dams, spillways, gates, other flow conveyance structures, etc. It is essential that more consideration is paid to the physical and numerical modeling of hydraulic structures and hydro-power systems in hydraulic engineering to reveal the underlying mechanisms of these problems.

This Special Issue, entitled “Hydraulic Engineering Modeling and Technology”, focuses on the recent advances in modeling and analysis technology of hydraulic engineering, including the digital twin technology, physical and numerical modeling. The Special Issue welcomes research papers and review articles in both academia and industry from across the globe to discuss topics related to the design and operation of hydraulic engineering to promote global sustainable development.

Potential topics include (but are not limited to) the following:

Innovative digital-twin technology in hydraulic engineering;
Technology of intelligent construction and health monitoring in hydraulic engineering;
Modeling and seismic analysis of towering hydraulic structures in high-intensity regions;
CFD modeling for complex flow fields in flow conveyance structures;
Novel technology in flow-induced vibration of gate structure considering the fluid–structure interaction effect;
Modeling and safety analysis of water pipeline in pumped-storage power station;
Safety-evaluation modeling for long-term service behavior of concrete structure in dams;
Modeling and structural analysis of coasts, ports and offshore engineering under extreme weather;
Safety-evaluation technology of hydraulic structures subjected to landslide surge and shock-wave loads under climate change scenarios;
Disaster mechanism and intelligent early warning model of a long-distance water conveyance project in a cold region;
Coupled dynamic modeling and stability evaluation of a wind–photovoltaic–hydropower hybrid system;
Engineering hydrological computation models under climate changing;
Hydrodynamic and water quality control technology for water transfer project;
Flood risk modeling by hydrological and hydraulic approaches;
Solar radiation model and its application and development in water conservancy project;
Modeling and analysis of water-conveyance tunnel engineering

We look forward to receiving your submissions.

Prof. Dr. Zhengzhong Wang
Prof. Dr. Songbai Song
Prof. Dr. Chao Liu
Prof. Dr. Xiaohui Lei
Prof. Dr. Heng Zhou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

hydraulic engineering
numerical modeling
physical modeling
sustainable energy development
digital-twin technology
intelligent water conservancy
intelligent construction
structural health monitoring
seismic analysis
computational fluid dynamics
flow-induced vibration
fluid–structure interaction
dynamic stability
gate structure
water pipeline
coastal engineering
offshore engineering
landslide surge
safety evaluation
early warning model
disaster mechanism
long-distance water conveyance project
wind–photovoltaic–hydropower system

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 9985 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhanced Port Vulnerability Assessment Using Unmanned-Aerial-Vehicle-Based Structural Health Monitoring

by Christina N. Tsaimou, Stavroula Brouziouti, Panagiotis Sartampakos and Vasiliki K. Tsoukala

Sustainability 2023, 15(18), 14017; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151814017 - 21 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 964

Abstract

Port vulnerability assessment is inherently linked to the delivery of sustainable and resilient infrastructure. Identifying the vulnerabilities and weaknesses of a port system allows for the minimization of disaster effects and optimization of maintenance, repair, or mitigation actions. The current port vulnerability assessment practices are built upon the examination of a diversity of indicators (parameters), including technical, physical, environmental, and socioeconomic pressures. From an engineering perspective, and given that ports are tangible infrastructure assets, their vulnerability is highly affected by the structural condition of their facilities. Hence, the present research seeks to enhance port vulnerability assessment by introducing structural condition parameters based on Structural Health Monitoring applications. The four fishing and leisure harbors of the Municipality of Thebes, located in central Greece, were used as a case study. Two approaches were considered for the harbors’ vulnerability assessments: (a) enabling and (b) disabling the use of the proposed parameters. In situ inspections were conducted with the employment of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for condition monitoring. UAV data were analyzed to generate geospatial images that allow for the mapping and detecting of defects and failures in port infrastructure. The overall research assists decision-makers in gaining valuable insight into the system’s vulnerabilities and prioritizing their interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulic Engineering Modeling and Technology)

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21 pages, 4191 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mixing Renewable Energy with Pumped Hydropower Storage: Design Optimization under Uncertainty and Other Challenges

by Athanasios Zisos, Georgia-Konstantina Sakki and Andreas Efstratiadis

Sustainability 2023, 15(18), 13313; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813313 - 5 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1042

Abstract

Hybrid renewable energy systems, complemented by pumped hydropower storage, have become increasingly popular amidst the increase in renewable energy penetration. Such configurations are even more prosperous in remote regions that are typically not connected to the mainland power grid, where the energy independence challenge intensifies. This research focuses on the design of such systems from the perspective of establishing an optimal mix of renewable sources that takes advantage of their complementarities and synergies, combined with the versatility of pumped hydropower storage. However, this design is subject to substantial complexities, due to the multiple objectives and constraints to fulfill, on the one hand, and the inherent uncertainties, on the other, which span over all the underlying processes, i.e., external and internal. In this vein, we utilize a proposed hybrid renewable energy system layout for the Aegean Island of Sifnos, Greece, to develop and evaluate a comprehensive simulation-optimization scheme in deterministic and, eventually, stochastic settings, revealing the design problem under the umbrella of uncertainty. In particular, we account for three major uncertain elements, namely, wind velocity (natural process), energy demand (anthropogenic process), and wind-to-power conversion (internal process, expressed in terms of a probabilistic power curve). Emphasis is also given to the decision-making procedure regarding the system’s key design parameters (reservoir size and solar power capacity), which is achieved by thoroughly interpreting the uncertainty-aware optimization outcomes. Finally, since the proposed pumped hydropower storage uses the sea as the lower reservoir, additional technical challenges are addressed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulic Engineering Modeling and Technology)

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20 pages, 4189 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental and Numerical CFD Modelling of the Hydrodynamic Effects Induced by a Ram Pump Waste Valve

by Stefania Evangelista, Giuseppe Tortora and Giacomo Viccione

Sustainability 2023, 15(17), 13104; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151713104 - 31 Aug 2023

Viewed by 1114

Abstract

The hydraulic ram pump or hydram is a machine capable of lifting water to a hydraulic head higher than the level of the supply source. It is a sustainable and self-sufficient device: the working principle is based on the rise of abrupt pressure variations occurring in the feeding pipeline when the liquid inside it undergoes a locally sharp change in velocity as a consequence of the sudden closure of the waste valve. Invented in 1772, the pump has been improved over the decades. Due to its simplicity, low cost and reliability, it has been widely used worldwide to provide adequate domestic water supplies, especially before the spreading of electricity and internal combustion engines. In recent years, the new attention placed on sustainability and energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy devices has brought a growing interest to this basic machine, essentially forgotten and abandoned in the last century; it seems promising especially in developing countries. The hydram is, in fact, a very simple machine, with only two moving parts, the waste and delivery valves. The efficiency of the hydraulic ram pump is mainly influenced by the characteristics of the waste valve. However, sufficient data are not available for the design of the hydram and the waste valve. In this work, the behaviour of the waste valve of a hydram was simulated by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Velocity and pressure values were analysed for different scenarios with different closing times of the valve. The data obtained from the developed numerical model were compared, in order to verify the validity of the simulations, with those collected during the operation of the hydram placed at the Laboratory of Environmental and Marine Hydraulics (LIDAM) of the University of Salerno, Italy. The numerical model thus obtained can, therefore, be used to identify the ideal configuration of the valve in order to ensure the best performance of the hydram. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulic Engineering Modeling and Technology)

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16 pages, 3748 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Water Hammer Protection Characteristics and Hydraulic Performance of a Novel Air Chamber with an Adjustable Central Standpipe in a Pressurized Water Supply System

by Jianyong Hu, Xuejie Zhai, Xiujun Hu, Zhenzhu Meng, Jinxin Zhang and Gang Yang

Sustainability 2023, 15(12), 9730; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129730 - 18 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1295

Abstract

Water scarcity is an urgent issue for social and economic development in arid and semi-arid areas. Constructing long-distance pressurized water supply projects is a commonly used measure to solve water scarcity problems in these areas. With the increasing complexity of long-distance pressurized water supply projects, the issue of water hammer protection has become more and more prominent. Air chambers have been widely used to solve the issue of water hammer accidents. In this paper, we propose a novel air chamber with an adjustable central standpipe, and then analyze the hydraulic performance, as well as the water hammer protection characteristics, of the proposed novel air chamber using numerical simulations. The influences of the inner length, the diameter of the central standpipe, and the diameter of the bottom connecting pipe on the hydraulic performance of the air chamber are also studied. Then, the optimization of the relevant parameters of the central standpipe for the proposed air chamber is conducted. In addition, the volumes of the proposed air chamber and conventional air chambers are compared. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulic Engineering Modeling and Technology)

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14 pages, 3410 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improving Seaport Wharf Maintenance and Safety with Structural Health Monitoring System in High Salt and Humidity Environments

by Yuesong Li, Pengrui Zhu, Gan Zhang and Yang Yu

Sustainability 2023, 15(5), 4472; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054472 - 2 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1504

Abstract

Due to the harsh working conditions, the durability of the seaport wharf structure is poor compared with similar hydraulic structures. According to the structural characteristics of coastal port wharf and the particularity of a high salt and high humidity environment, the stress features of the coastal wharf structure are analyzed, and the health inspection indicators of the wharf structure are proposed. A fiber grating sensor-based structural health monitoring system for coastal high-pile piers is established. A corresponding system for detecting structural health is designed according to the standard structural section of the wharf’s front platform. The corresponding monitoring implementation scheme, sensor selection, and performance parameters are proposed. Finally, the realization technology and related indicators of data acquisition and transmission subsystem are given. The experimental results indicate that the waveform of the structural response to the wave load has a consistent sine wave pattern with the actual wave load. The maximum strain of the berthing pier appears at 4.35 m and 6.14 m, and the elevations reach

4.66 μ ε

and

5.31 μ ε

, respectively. The strain at other positions also has an obvious change trend. The experimental results provide some help for the research of the wharf health monitoring system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulic Engineering Modeling and Technology)

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12 pages, 1815 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Response of Runoff to Meteorological Factors Based on Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressive Model with Stochastic Volatility in Arid and Semi-Arid Area of Weihe River Basin

by Wenying Zeng, Songbai Song, Yan Kang, Xuan Gao and Rui Ma

Sustainability 2022, 14(12), 6989; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14126989 - 7 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1290

Abstract

This study explores the response characteristics of runoff to the variability of meteorological factors. A modified vector autoregressive (VAR) model is proposed by combining time-varying parameters (TVP) and stochastic volatility (SV). Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is used to estimate parameters. The TVP-SV-VAR model of daily runoff response to the variability of meteorological factors is established and applied to the daily runoff series from the Linjiacun hydrological station, Shaanxi Province, China. It is found that the posterior estimates of the stochastic volatility of the four variables fluctuate significantly with time, and the variance fluctuations of runoff and precipitation have strong synchronicity. The simultaneous impact of precipitation and evaporation on the pulse of runoff is close to 0. Runoff has a positive impulse response to precipitation, which decreases as the lag time increases, and a negative impulse response to temperature and evaporation with fluctuation. The response speed is precipitation > evaporation > temperature. The TVP-SV-VAR model avoids the hypothesis of homoscedasticity of variance and allows the variance to be randomly variable, which significantly improves the analysis performance. It provides theoretical support for the study of runoff response and water resource management under the conditions of climate change. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulic Engineering Modeling and Technology)

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