Sustainability

18 pages, 3699 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimizing the Operation of Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings (GEBs) Using Machine Learning

by Czarina Copiaco and Mutasim Nour

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8752; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208752 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

The building sector constitutes 40% of global electric energy consumption, making it vital to address for achieving the global net-zero emissions goal by 2050. This study focuses on enhancing electric load forecasting systems’ performance and interactivity by investigating the impact of weather and [...] Read more.

The building sector constitutes 40% of global electric energy consumption, making it vital to address for achieving the global net-zero emissions goal by 2050. This study focuses on enhancing electric load forecasting systems’ performance and interactivity by investigating the impact of weather and building usage parameters. Hourly electricity meter readings from a Texas university campus building (2012–2015) were employed, applying pre-processing techniques and machine learning algorithms such as linear regression, decision trees, and support vector machines using MATLAB R2023a. Exponential Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) showed the best performance at a one-year training data size, yielding an average normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) value of 0.52%, equivalent to a 0.3% reduction compared to leading methods. The developed system is presented through an interactive GUI and allows for prediction of external factors like PV and EV integration. Through a case study implementation, the combined system achieves 12.8% energy savings over a typical year simulated using ETAP 22 and Trimble ProDesign software version 2021.0.19. This holistic solution precisely models the electric demand management scenario of grid-interactive efficient buildings (GEBs), simultaneously enhancing reliability and flexibility to accommodate diverse applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Sustainability)

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22 pages, 3267 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of the Configuration of Airport Security Control Systems on the Implementation of Assumptions of the Sustainable Development Policy

by Artur Kierzkowski, Jacek Ryczyński, Tomasz Kisiel and Ewa Mardeusz

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8750; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208750 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

Abstract

Research by scientists dealing with sustainable development issues in the aviation industry security focuses on finding solutions that constitute the so-called ‘golden mean’ between appropriate efficiency and high levels of system safety and reliability (including human reliability). The features mentioned above have been [...] Read more.

Research by scientists dealing with sustainable development issues in the aviation industry security focuses on finding solutions that constitute the so-called ‘golden mean’ between appropriate efficiency and high levels of system safety and reliability (including human reliability). The features mentioned above have been repeatedly investigated in various studies, but always individually—to date, no one has proposed a solution indicating the balance point of all the abovementioned features. Here we propose a solution to this research gap: a model for assessing the configuration of airport security control systems. The model allows for the optimal configuration of airport security control systems. The multi-level model validation presented in the article was performed, among others, based on one of the airports in Poland, and showed that the correct configuration of the system can bring energy savings of 913,500 kWh/year in the case of large international airports. Additionally, the article discusses all solutions and modern technologies equipped with devices supporting the passenger and baggage screening process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contribution of Intelligent Transport Systems to Sustainable Development Goals)

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13 pages, 12811 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Study on Performance of Cotton Small Arch Shed Recovery Machine

by Dejiang Liu, Keheng Yao, Chengyi Zhong, Shimin Ma, Xiaozhong Deng and SidiKejiang Aiwaili

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8749; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208749 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

Abstract

Most of the small-arch-shed-recycling machines in China use manual disassembly and manual recycling, with low recycling efficiency and low mechanization. Therefore, this paper designs a small recovery machine for arch sheds, greatly improving the efficiency of the recycling of arch sheds, which can [...] Read more.

Most of the small-arch-shed-recycling machines in China use manual disassembly and manual recycling, with low recycling efficiency and low mechanization. Therefore, this paper designs a small recovery machine for arch sheds, greatly improving the efficiency of the recycling of arch sheds, which can realize the lifting and collection of the arch shed rod and orderly recycling of the shed film. By performing univariate experimental studies in the field, on the basis of field experiments, we carried out an experimental analysis with machine speed and different soil moisture contents as the influencing factors and took the removal rate of the shed rod, the removal rate of the shed film, and the damage rate of seedlings as the test indexes. The test results show that the optimal parameter combination is a travel speed of 1.1 m/s, at which the operation effect is the best. The results show that under the optimal operation effect, the removal rate of the shed rod was 95.72%, the removal rate of the shed film was 98.63%, the seedling injury rate was only 2.11%, and the removal rate of the shed rod was only 4.01%, which met the requirements of the recovery operation of the arch shed and means that this approach is conducive to the recycling of the arch shed materials and the realization of sustainable development. In actual operation, the parameters should be adjusted according to the actual situation in the field to meet the different recovery needs of arch sheds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Agriculture)

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23 pages, 519 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Pollution and Carbon Emission Control on Financial Development, Environmental Quality, and Economic Growth: A Global Analysis

by Kola Benson Ajeigbe and Fortune Ganda

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8748; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208748 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

Abstract

The global environment has recently been facing sustainability threats owing to industrial and economic expansions. Accordingly, this study empirically examines the impact of carbon emissions and the directional causality between carbon emissions and environmental quality, financial development, and economic growth. We used data [...] Read more.

The global environment has recently been facing sustainability threats owing to industrial and economic expansions. Accordingly, this study empirically examines the impact of carbon emissions and the directional causality between carbon emissions and environmental quality, financial development, and economic growth. We used data from 65 economies from 2010 to 2021, applying fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) approaches. Generally, the findings from the analysis revealed that the estimated coefficients of carbon emissions were negative and significant across the model, except for greenhouse gas emissions, which produced an insignificant result in developed economies. This result proves that an increase in carbon emissions and other forms of pollution are detrimental to environmental quality, economic growth, and financial development. Further results revealed that fossil fuels are positively and significantly related to the economic growth and financial development of selected countries. Empirical outcomes indicate that ineffective control of environmental pollution and carbon emissions is a major challenge to the economic growth trajectories of the selected countries, especially in emerging economies. The results from directional relationships revealed that bi-directional causality exists between CO₂ and GDP; between total greenhouse gas emissions and economic growth, with no directional relationship of CO₂ emissions to financial development and vice versa; and economic growth to CO₂ emissions from gaseous fuel consumption and vice versa. Generally, this outcome indicates that improved environmental quality control can accelerate economic growth and financial development worldwide. This study provides insights to governments, policymakers, international organizations, researchers, and many other stakeholders. This study suggests that stricter fiscal and monetary policies, laws, and regulations, such as environmental taxes and carbon emission taxes, with strong implementation strategies, especially in emerging economies, are strongly recommended worldwide. Further recommendations suggest the development of technologically innovative policies that can counter all the impacts of devastating human activities on the environment, and these are encouraged. A greater consumption of renewable energy and the use of other innovative machines that are environmentally friendly and can help control various forms of pollution and carbon emissions have been encouraged globally. Full article

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16 pages, 528 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preparing for Connected and Automated Vehicles: Insights from North Carolina Transportation Professionals

by Thanh Schado, Elizabeth Shay, Bhuwan Thapa and Tabitha S. Combs

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8747; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208747 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

Abstract

The connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) that are expected to be increasingly common on U.S. roads in the coming decades offer potential benefits in safety, efficiency, and mobility; they also raise concerns related to equity, access, and impacts on land use and travel [...] Read more.

The connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) that are expected to be increasingly common on U.S. roads in the coming decades offer potential benefits in safety, efficiency, and mobility; they also raise concerns related to equity, access, and impacts on land use and travel behavior, as well as questions about extensive data requirements for CAVs to communicate with other vehicles and the environment in order to operate safely and efficiently. We report on interviews with North Carolina transportation experts about CAVs and their implications for sustainable transportation that serves all travelers with affordable, safe, and dignified mobility that also produces fewer environment impacts (emissions to air, water, and land; resource consumption; land use changes). The data reveal great interest among transportation professionals about a CAV transition, but a lack of consensus on the state of play and necessary next steps. Concerns include impacts on planning practice; implications for land use, equity, and safety; and data security and privacy. The findings suggest that local, regional, and state agencies would benefit from clear technical guidance on how to prepare for CAVs and to engage with the public, given high interest about a coming CAV transition. Intense data requirements for CAVs and associated infrastructure, as well as the regulatory and policy tools that will be required, raise concerns about threats to data safety and security and argue for proactive action. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Problems Arising in the Development of Sustainable Transport Systems)

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27 pages, 4442 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Integration of Safety Policy System in Petrochemical Enterprises Based on Risk Hierarchical Control and Hidden Danger Investigation

by Kai Yu, Pingping Liu, Lujie Zhou and Rui Feng

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8746; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208746 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

Abstract

To enhance the risk management capacity of petrochemical enterprises, this paper presents a systematic and in-depth study of risk hierarchical control and hidden danger investigation technologies. Firstly, a risk hierarchical control system was developed based on text mining and Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) [...] Read more.

To enhance the risk management capacity of petrochemical enterprises, this paper presents a systematic and in-depth study of risk hierarchical control and hidden danger investigation technologies. Firstly, a risk hierarchical control system was developed based on text mining and Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) theory, categorizing risk alarm levels into four tiers: no alarm, light alarm, medium alarm, and heavy alarm. Secondly, a hidden danger investigation and management system was established by integrating a three-dimensional hidden danger grading model with the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) closed-loop principle. Finally, a cooperative management technology system for risk and hidden dangers in petrochemical enterprises was constructed and validated using Shandong Luqing Petrochemical Enterprise as a case study. The results indicated that the comprehensive risk level of Shandong Luqing Petrochemical Enterprise is classified as II, with a yellow light warning signal. They demonstrated a positive correlation between the risk hierarchical control system and the hidden danger investigation and management system. The findings of this research provide valuable guidance for improving safety management in petrochemical enterprises. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Chemical Engineering and Technology)

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30 pages, 5762 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Developing a Sustainable Digital Transformation Roadmap for SMEs: Integrating Digital Maturity and Strategic Alignment

by Marcela Marçal Alves Pinto Mick, João Luiz Kovaleski, Rafael Luis Mick and Daiane Maria de Genaro Chiroli

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8745; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208745 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

Abstract

Digital transformation (DT) is crucial for SMEs to streamline operational efficiency, foster innovation, and meet upcoming challenges. Integrating sustainability into this process not only enhances a company’s reputation but also attracts customers and investors who value environmental responsibility. Despite this opportunity, many SMEs [...] Read more.

Digital transformation (DT) is crucial for SMEs to streamline operational efficiency, foster innovation, and meet upcoming challenges. Integrating sustainability into this process not only enhances a company’s reputation but also attracts customers and investors who value environmental responsibility. Despite this opportunity, many SMEs operate without clear plans and strategies. The literature review identified a lack of roadmaps that integrate sustainability into the digital transformation process for SMEs. Thus, this paper aims to propose a sustainable digital transformation roadmap for SMEs that evaluates their digital maturity and facilitates gradual implementation in alignment with their strategic objectives. A systematic literature review using the Methodi Ordinatio defined six key dimensions of digital transformation. Consequently, the SDT-SMEs Roadmap was developed, drawing on ISO/IEC 33000 standards to offer well-defined processes for enhancing digital competencies. The roadmap features three organizational planning levels—strategic, tactical, and operational—and includes a maturity model that evaluates 75 processes across six dimensions: Digital Technologies, Customer Focus, Organizational Culture, Organizational Governance, People, and Sustainability. Validation through a case study confirmed the roadmap’s effectiveness in addressing real-world challenges and guiding SMEs through the digitization process. The SDT-SMEs Roadmap provides a comprehensive and integrated approach, ensuring continuous adaptation and improvement in sustainable digital transformation efforts. This roadmap addresses a significant gap in the literature and presents a practical, strategic, and adaptable pathway for SMEs embarking on their digital transformation journeys. Full article

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21 pages, 1515 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Challenges and Solutions in Working with Green Suppliers: Perspective from a Manufacturing Industry

by Johan Krisnanto Runtuk, Poh Kiat Ng and Shih Yin Ooi

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8744; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208744 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

Abstract

This study explores the challenges and solutions faced by manufacturing companies in one industry when integrating green suppliers into their supply chains. The FGD transcripts were analyzed using NVivo 12 Pro for coding and thematic analysis, which helped identify key challenges and solutions. [...] Read more.

This study explores the challenges and solutions faced by manufacturing companies in one industry when integrating green suppliers into their supply chains. The FGD transcripts were analyzed using NVivo 12 Pro for coding and thematic analysis, which helped identify key challenges and solutions. The key challenges identified included higher procurement costs, limited availability of green materials, quality assurance issues, and difficulties in verifying green practices. Strategic solutions involve establishing partnership strategies, conducting supply chain audits, and developing clear evaluation criteria. The content analysis shows that higher procurement costs can be mitigated through strategic partnerships offering better terms and pricing stability. Diversifying the supplier base and investing in supplier development programs address the limited availability of green materials. Quality assurance is maintained through stringent controls and regular audits, while verification challenges are managed with third-party certifications and robust audits to prevent greenwashing. The SWOT analysis highlights strengths such as strategic partnerships and regular audits, opportunities like developing evaluation criteria and technological advancements, and acknowledges weaknesses and threats. This comprehensive analysis provides a nuanced understanding of the practical challenges and solutions in green supply chain management, offering a strategic framework for manufacturing companies to enhance sustainability and achieve competitive advantage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Decision Making in Sustainable Supply Chain Management: Recent Research Advances in the Context of Industry 4.0)

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22 pages, 293 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Supply Chain Relationships, Resilience, and Export Product Quality: Analysis Based on Supply Chain Concentration

by Renhao Chen and Helian Xu

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8743; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208743 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

Abstract

Supply chain security plays a critical role in ensuring the stable and continuous operation of society. Moreover, enhancing the quality of export products is crucial for improving environmental sustainability, as it helps reduce waste emissions and other related factors. Therefore, this paper employs [...] Read more.

Supply chain security plays a critical role in ensuring the stable and continuous operation of society. Moreover, enhancing the quality of export products is crucial for improving environmental sustainability, as it helps reduce waste emissions and other related factors. Therefore, this paper employs data from Chinese A-share-listed companies and customs data from 2001 to 2015 to investigate this relationship. The main findings are as follows: (i) The supply chain concentration negatively impacts the quality of export products, a finding that remains robust after testing. (ii) In some firms, such as those where top executives possess digital-related expertise, the adverse effects of the supply chain concentration are likely mitigated. (iii) The channels through which the supply chain concentration affects export product quality may include firm size, productivity, and supply chain efficiency. (iv) Enhancements in infrastructure resilience, firm structure resilience, and industrial structure resilience through investments in regional fixed assets, overseas subsidiaries, and advancements in industrial structure, respectively, are likely to mitigate the negative impacts of the supply chain concentration. These conclusions may hold significant value for promoting both societal and environmental sustainability. Full article

13 pages, 2392 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fishing Declines as a Driver of Human Mobility

by Lidia Márquez, Eva García-Vázquez and Eduardo Dopico

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8742; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208742 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

Abstract

Nowadays, improved fishing technology and depleted stocks cause fishery shocks in sensitive regions that lead to job losses and added insecurity. In fishery-dependent communities, more and more fishers are moving countries looking for a living. This study aims to know the perception of [...] Read more.

Nowadays, improved fishing technology and depleted stocks cause fishery shocks in sensitive regions that lead to job losses and added insecurity. In fishery-dependent communities, more and more fishers are moving countries looking for a living. This study aims to know the perception of migrants in Spain about the sustainability of fishing in their countries of origin and how this perception influenced their individual behaviors and their decision to move. To this end, 203 families from 32 countries differentially affected by fishery shocks in Africa and Latin America were interviewed face-to-face to quantify the perceived weight of fishery changes on their decision to move, compared with socioeconomic and security reasons. The perception of fishing declines and their importance as a cause of mobility were positively and significantly correlated. Our study highlights the important and unexplored link between human mobility and fishery depletion, supporting the idea that fishing declines—induced at least partially by climate change—are one of the causes of mobility. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Sustainable Household Behaviors: Consumption and Mobility)

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25 pages, 11884 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improving the Door-To-Door Customer Journey for a National Public Transport Company

by Fintan Kennedy, P.J. White and Hilary Dempsey

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8741; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208741 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

Abstract

(1) Background: Public transport has a vital role to play in creating sustainable, accessible societies. Accessible and inclusive, door-to-door public transport systems with low barriers to use benefit everyone, increasing the mobility of citizens and improving independence. As the industry strives towards multi-modal [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Public transport has a vital role to play in creating sustainable, accessible societies. Accessible and inclusive, door-to-door public transport systems with low barriers to use benefit everyone, increasing the mobility of citizens and improving independence. As the industry strives towards multi-modal and Mobility as a Service (MaaS) concepts, there is a need to delve deep into the needs and perceptions of transport user’s door-to-door journeys to find ways to improve. Accordingly, in order to increase the sustainability of MaaS, improving accessibility and understanding service user perceptions are of utmost importance. However, there is a scarcity of research within national transport services to determine unmet user needs to increase the accessibility and autonomy of door-to-door journeys. This research aims to investigate if it is possible to improve the door-to-door journey experience for public transport travellers, increasing the accessibility and the perception of autonomy via technology, and by doing so, providing a more sustainable alternative to road transport. It focuses on understanding service users of Ireland’s National Rail service, Irish Rail, to create key improvements in interactive systems. (2) Methods: The study applies a user-centred mixed-methods methodology using surveys (N = 316) and co-design workshops (four workshops N = 15). The research collected deep insights into the mindsets and needs of service users, showing the potential to improve this door-to-the-door customer journey. Key improvements for interactive systems were outlined. Experience maps were designed, leading to a Conceptual Design for a travel assistant to aid the service user throughout the door-to-door journey. (3) Results: Travellers’ autonomy and the sense of freedom they experience can be improved, mainly if their needs across the complete door-to-door customer journey are supported. Highlighted areas for action include information, accessibility, personal security, ticketing, comfort, facilities, and anxiety. (4) Conclusions: This research reiterates the need for national transport and MaaS providers to prioritise service users’ perspectives when developing sustainable services. Co-designing is recommended as a means of achieving this. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Sustainable Public Transportation System: Behavior, Safety and Planning)

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10 pages, 498 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Typology of Pro-Environmental Behaviors: Demographic Correlates and Reasons for Limited Public Engagement in Pro-Environmental Behaviors

by Liat Ayalon

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8740; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208740 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

Abstract

The study identified a typology of pro-environmental behaviors in relation to demographic correlates and reasons for lack of engagement. A total of 647 Israelis completed the survey. Latent class analysis identified three subgroups based on the degree of engagement in pro-environmental behaviors. The [...] Read more.

The study identified a typology of pro-environmental behaviors in relation to demographic correlates and reasons for lack of engagement. A total of 647 Israelis completed the survey. Latent class analysis identified three subgroups based on the degree of engagement in pro-environmental behaviors. The least engaged subgroup tended not to worry about the changing climate and not to view pro-environmental behaviors as within its responsibility. In contrast to the more engaged groups, this group was the least likely to state that limited information or unclear knowledge about the changing climate prevented them from engaging in pro-environmental behaviors. The study points to different methods that should be used to increase engagement in pro-environmental behaviors based on already existing levels of engagement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Health, Well-Being and Sustainability)

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44 pages, 3769 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Comprehensive Review of PM-Related Studies in Industrial Proximity: Insights from the East Mediterranean Middle East Region

by Marc Fadel, Eliane Farah, Nansi Fakhri, Frédéric Ledoux, Dominique Courcot and Charbel Afif

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8739; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208739 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

Abstract

This comprehensive review synthesizes the current knowledge regarding the characteristics of particulate matter (PM) at locations directly impacted by industrial emissions. A particular emphasis was given to the morphology and size of these particles and their chemical characteristics per type of industrial activity. [...] Read more.

This comprehensive review synthesizes the current knowledge regarding the characteristics of particulate matter (PM) at locations directly impacted by industrial emissions. A particular emphasis was given to the morphology and size of these particles and their chemical characteristics per type of industrial activity. The relationship between the exposure to PM from industrial activities and health issues such as cancer, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases was also discussed, highlighting significant epidemiological findings. Furthermore, this work highlights the source apportionment of PM in these areas as well as available databases for source profiles. The majority of the studies accentuate the ambiguity found in the identification of industrial sources mainly due to the lack of specific tracers and the overlapping between these sources and other natural and anthropogenic ones. The contribution of industrial sources to PM concentrations is generally less than 10%. Moreover, this review gathers studies conducted in the 18 countries of the East Mediterranean-Middle East (EMME) region, focusing on sites under industrial influence. In these studies, PM₁₀ concentrations range from 22 to 423 μg/m³ while PM_2.5 levels vary between 12 and 250 μg/m³. While extensive studies have been conducted in Egypt, Iran, and Lebanon, a lack of research in the UAE, Bahrain, Greece, Israel, Palestine, and Yemen highlights regional disparities in environmental health research. The major industrial sources found in the region were oil and gas industries, metallurgical industries, cement plants, petrochemical complexes, and power plants running on gas or heavy fuel oil. Future research in the region should focus on longitudinal studies and a more detailed chemical analysis of PM in the vicinity of industrial areas to enhance the accuracy of current findings and support effective policy making for air pollution control. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Air, Climate Change and Sustainability)

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Graphical abstract

17 pages, 2173 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Balancing Nets and Lives: A Socio-Ecological Analysis of Sustainable Fisheries on the Indian Coast of the Gulf of Mannar

by Deepanjana Saha, Devarajulu Suresh Kumar, Pandian Krishnan, Rajdeep Mukherjee, A. Vidhyavathi, M. Maheswari and M. Vijayabhama

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8738; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208738 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

Abstract

The Gulf of Mannar, a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve, faces severe overfishing and habitat degradation threats. In this study, we investigate the pivotal role of ecosystem services in sustaining local livelihoods and overall well-being. By conducting a comprehensive survey of 480 respondents across [...] Read more.

The Gulf of Mannar, a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve, faces severe overfishing and habitat degradation threats. In this study, we investigate the pivotal role of ecosystem services in sustaining local livelihoods and overall well-being. By conducting a comprehensive survey of 480 respondents across two districts, we gathered extensive data on demographics, livelihoods, fishing practices, reliance on ecosystem services, and community management participation. The analysis reveals a critical dependence on the Gulf’s resources (income, food security, traditions) with gender disparities (men fish, women in pre-/post-harvest). Still, fishing is only allowed in the 10 km buffer zone (not the core zone). The findings emphasize the promise of community-based strategies, such as Marine Protected Areas and reviving co-management committees, for achieving sustainable fisheries management. However, we also identify gaps, including the need for more nuanced well-being indicators and improved models for community management participation. To address these challenges, we advocate for sustainable fishing practices, tackling social inequities, especially gender disparities in resource access and decision-making, and investing in fishing communities’ healthcare, education, and social safety nets. Promoting alternative livelihoods can alleviate pressure on fish stocks, and empowering local communities through capacity building and community-based management initiatives is crucial for ensuring the long-term sustainability of the Gulf of Mannar ecosystem and the well-being of its dependent communities. This multifaceted approach holds significant promise for balancing ecological health with human prosperity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Oceans)

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13 pages, 3491 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Changes in Soil C, N, and P Concentrations and Stocks after Caatinga Natural Regeneration of Degraded Pasture Areas in the Brazilian Semiarid Region

by Luiz Filipe dos Santos Silva, Luiz Guilherme Medeiros Pessoa, Emanuelle Maria da Silva, Maria Betânia Galvão dos Santos Freire, Eduardo Soares de Souza, Denizard Oresca, José Orlando Nunes da Silva, Genival Barros Júnior, Alan Cézar Bezerra and Eduardo Silva dos Santos

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8737; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208737 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

Abstract

The conversion of caatinga vegetation areas into pastures in the Brazilian semiarid region has depleted soil fertility due to degradation. The natural regeneration of the caatinga has been the alternative adopted to restore soil fertility. However, the real effectiveness of this practice in [...] Read more.

The conversion of caatinga vegetation areas into pastures in the Brazilian semiarid region has depleted soil fertility due to degradation. The natural regeneration of the caatinga has been the alternative adopted to restore soil fertility. However, the real effectiveness of this practice in recovering organic carbon (SOC) and nutrient stocks is unknown. This work evaluated the effect of natural regeneration of the caatinga vegetation on the restoration of levels and stocks of SOC, N, and P as a strategy to maintain the sustainability of the environment. We collected soil samples every 5 cm, up to 20 cm deep, in areas of degraded pasture, caatinga in regeneration (10 years), and regenerated caatinga (35 years) to evaluate the levels and stocks of SOC, N, and P. The depth significantly affects the levels and stocks of SOC, N, and P. Stocks and levels of SOC, N, and P were higher in regenerated caatinga > regenerating caatinga > degraded pasture. The regenerated caatinga increased SOC, N, and P stocks by 115%, 110%, and 117%, respectively, compared to the degraded pasture. Although 35 years of regeneration of the caatinga has improved soil fertility, the levels and stocks of SOC, N, and P remain low. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Soil Conservation and Sustainability)

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24 pages, 1690 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Innovation Eco-Embeddedness, Breakthrough Innovation, and Performance of Non-Core Firms: A Mediation Moderation Study

by Mohamed Shawesh, Kolawole Iyiola and Ahmad Alzubi

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8736; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208736 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

Abstract

In today’s rapidly evolving business landscape, non-core firms face increasing pressure to innovate while adhering to sustainable practices. Non-core firms are organizations that operate in peripheral or less central positions within an ecosystem, having limited access to critical resources but playing essential supportive [...] Read more.

In today’s rapidly evolving business landscape, non-core firms face increasing pressure to innovate while adhering to sustainable practices. Non-core firms are organizations that operate in peripheral or less central positions within an ecosystem, having limited access to critical resources but playing essential supportive roles in innovation processes. Innovation eco-embeddedness, which integrates ecological considerations into innovation processes, is becoming a critical factor for enhancing innovation performance. However, the dynamics between eco-embeddedness, breakthrough innovation, and innovation performance, especially under varying levels of ecological legitimacy and technology turbulence, remain under examination. This study aims to investigate the relationships between innovation eco-embeddedness, breakthrough innovation, and innovation performance in non-core firms. Additionally, it examines the moderating effects of ecological legitimacy and technology turbulence on these relationships. This study developed and tested seven hypotheses using a conceptual framework based on innovation ecosystem theory, breakthrough innovation theory, and institutional theory. We collected data from a diverse sample of non-core firms and used structural equation modeling to analyze the direct, mediating, and moderating effects. The findings reveal a positive relationship between innovation eco-embeddedness and both breakthrough innovation and innovation performance. Breakthrough innovation also directly enhances innovation performance and mediates the relationship between eco-embeddedness and performance. Ecological legitimacy significantly moderates the impact of eco-embeddedness on breakthrough innovation, while technology turbulence intensifies the mediated relationship between eco-embeddedness and innovation performance when both moderating factors are high. This study provides valuable perceptions for managers and policymakers in non-core firms, highlighting the importance of embedding ecological considerations in innovation processes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovation Management and Organizational Performance for Sustainable Future)

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19 pages, 3494 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing the Resilience of Critical Infrastructure Facilities toward a Holistic and Theoretical Approach: A Multi-Scenario Evidence and Case Study

by Georges Irankunda, Wei Zhang, Muhirwa Fernand and Jianrong Zhang

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8735; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208735 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

Abstract

Given the increasing frequency of natural disasters, which result in substantial damage to critical infrastructures and disrupt the functioning of modern societies, numerous studies have been conducted in recent decades to propose sustainable preventive and enhancement measures to safeguard the environmental and societal [...] Read more.

Given the increasing frequency of natural disasters, which result in substantial damage to critical infrastructures and disrupt the functioning of modern societies, numerous studies have been conducted in recent decades to propose sustainable preventive and enhancement measures to safeguard the environmental and societal development. This paper contributes to the existing literature by introducing a novel environmentally conscious infrastructural resilience assessment approach named the Novel Infrastructure Resilience Assessment Curve (NIRAC). Unlike past works which typically focused on a single infrastructure scenario, the NIRAC is conceptualized around multi-scenario resilience assets, integrating sustainable principles to enhance environmental resilience. Additionally, this paper presents a road infrastructure resilience assessment (RIRA) framework, developed from factors and dimensions pertinent to road infrastructure resilience and environmental sustainability. The RIRA framework is applied to a case study of a road damaged by heavy rains, emphasizing the need for sustainable recovery efforts which minimize environmental impact. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the RIRA framework in guiding road recovery efforts. The insights provided in this paper are valuable for disaster managers and policymakers, as they extend their resilience assessment knowledge with a focus on sustainable development and environmental protection. This expanded knowledge facilitates the implementation of appropriate interventions to prevent and mitigate the societal consequences of disasters more efficiently. Full article

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21 pages, 2489 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Supply Strategies and Business Model Options for Online Retailers of Agricultural Products

by Chenxing Li and Xianliang Shi

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8734; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208734 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

Abstract

Online retail of agricultural products is an emerging form of online shopping that has enormous value for researching sustainable agricultural product logistics and the sustainability of e-commerce. By reviewing these practices in China, this paper summarizes three models of online retail of agricultural [...] Read more.

Online retail of agricultural products is an emerging form of online shopping that has enormous value for researching sustainable agricultural product logistics and the sustainability of e-commerce. By reviewing these practices in China, this paper summarizes three models of online retail of agricultural products: community group buying, prepositioned warehousing, and a mixed model in which the former two are carried out simultaneously. This paper considers the uncertainty of demand and applies the newsboy model to obtain the expected profit function of the three models. The paper proves that the objective functions of the optimization models are all convex functions of the supply capacity. The optimal supply strategy and the expression for each business model are then derived. Next, the intervals for enterprises to choose the profit-optimal business model are given and visually demonstrated through graphs. These findings lead to managerial insights: in economically underdeveloped regions, it is appropriate for enterprises to conduct community group buying businesses; in economically developed regions, it is appropriate for enterprises to conduct prepositioned warehouse businesses; and in regions with average economic development, it is appropriate for enterprises to conduct both businesses. Finally, this paper verifies the optimal supply strategy for the online retail model for agricultural products through numerical experiments and sensitivity analyses for different cost parameters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Innovation in Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2nd Edition)

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18 pages, 7230 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Isotopic Characteristics, Sources, and Formation Pathways of Atmospheric Sulfate and Nitrate in the South China Sea

by Yongyun Zhang, Min Gao, Xi Sun, Baoling Liang, Cuizhi Sun, Qibin Sun, Xue Ni, Hengjia Ou, Shixin Mai, Shengzhen Zhou and Jun Zhao

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8733; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208733 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

Abstract

The South China Sea (SCS) is a crucial region for studying atmospheric aerosols, given its unique geographical location and the interaction of various natural and anthropogenic sources. In this study, we measured the isotopic characteristics of sulfate and nitrate in PM_2.5 and [...] Read more.

The South China Sea (SCS) is a crucial region for studying atmospheric aerosols, given its unique geographical location and the interaction of various natural and anthropogenic sources. In this study, we measured the isotopic characteristics of sulfate and nitrate in PM_2.5 and utilized a Bayesian isotope mixing model (SIAR) to analyze their sources and formation pathways. Sulfur isotopic values in sulfate (δ³⁴S-SO₄²⁻) were 8.7 ± 1.8‰, while nitrogen and oxygen isotopic values in nitrate (δ¹⁵N-NO₃⁻ and δ¹⁸O-NO₃⁻) were −0.9 ± 2.4‰ and 52.3 ± 7.3‰, respectively. The results revealed that sulfate was primarily influenced by marine biogenic sulfur emissions (mostly dimethyl sulfide, DMS), fossil fuel combustion, and biomass burning. Nitrate formation was dominated by the NO₂ + •OH pathway (accounting for 69.8–85.7%), with significant contributions from vehicle emissions, biomass burning, and lightning. These findings offer key insights into the complex interactions between natural and anthropogenic aerosol sources in the SCS, contributing to a broader understanding of marine aerosol chemistry. Full article

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21 pages, 3076 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Management of Citrus Cultivation in Emerging Rural Communities in Mexico: Practices and Challenges in the Central-Northern Region of Veracruz

by Eduardo Fernández-Echeverría, Marieli Lavoignet-Ruiz, Luis Enrique García-Santamaría, Gregorio Fernández-Lambert, Loecelia Ruvalcaba-Sánchez, Horacio Bautista-Santos, Fabiola Sánchez-Galván and Yair Romero-Romero

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8732; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208732 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

Abstract

The central-northern region of Veracruz has experienced significant changes in traditional coffee cultivation and cattle raising due to the increased demand for fresh and industrialized citrus products. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding the use of agrochemicals in citrus production, driven [...] Read more.

The central-northern region of Veracruz has experienced significant changes in traditional coffee cultivation and cattle raising due to the increased demand for fresh and industrialized citrus products. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding the use of agrochemicals in citrus production, driven by the belief that “more is better” and a limited awareness of responsible agricultural practices. This research examines citrus crop management in rural communities, focusing on farming practices aimed at improving production by controlling pests and diseases. Data for this study were collected from 51 producers through in-person surveys, using a 48-item questionnaire and the snowball sampling method. The findings reveal that despite 20 years of development, citrus production is still not fully established, and the excessive use of agrochemicals remains widespread. The expansion of citrus groves in the study region has altered the agricultural landscape and the socioeconomic structures of rural communities. Furthermore, environmental concerns about chemical residues in the fruit limit their commercialization and harm the environment through runoff into groundwater and water bodies. To address these issues, it is crucial to raise awareness and guide farmers toward the responsible use of chemicals in citrus cultivation, ensuring sustainable production and mitigating negative environmental impacts in all communities where citrus is grown. Full article

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18 pages, 7096 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Balancing Environmental Impact and Practicality: A Case Study on the Cement-Stabilized Rammed Earth Construction in Southeast Rural China

by Shan Dai, Wenfeng Bai and Jing Xiao

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8731; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208731 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

Abstract

Construction using earth materials demonstrates ecological sustainability using locally sourced natural materials and environmentally friendly demolition methods. In this study, the environmental impact of adding cement to soil materials for rammed earth farmhouse construction in rural China was investigated and comparatively simulated using [...] Read more.

Construction using earth materials demonstrates ecological sustainability using locally sourced natural materials and environmentally friendly demolition methods. In this study, the environmental impact of adding cement to soil materials for rammed earth farmhouse construction in rural China was investigated and comparatively simulated using the One Click LCA database, focusing on the conflict between sustainability objectives and the practical aspects of cement addition. By analyzing how the addition of cement aligns with local construction practices and addressing the debate surrounding the inclusion of cement in rammed-earth construction, our objective is to provide insights into achieving a balance between the environmental impact and the pragmatic considerations of using cement in earthen building practices. Three local structure scenarios are evaluated via simulations: cement-stabilized rammed earth wall, fired brick wall, and a localized reinforced concrete frame structure. The quantitative environmental impacts are assessed, and the qualitative differences in adaptation, economic sustainability, and other factors are examined in the context of present-day development in rural China. The results show that the use of cement-stabilized rammed earth wall-supported structures is associated with higher embodied carbon emissions compared to structures supported by reinforced concrete frames and enclosed by brick walls; however, these emissions are lower than those for brick wall-supported structures while effectively meeting the structural requirements. In addition, the use of cement-stabilized earth for perimeter walls simplifies material management and disposal throughout the building’s life cycle, and the cost-effectiveness of cement has been found to be substantially greater than that of reinforced concrete frames and brick structures, improving economic viability and social acceptability, especially among low-income communities in rural areas Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Biophilic Cities and Communities: Towards Natural Resources, Environmental and Social Sustainability)

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27 pages, 5894 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Comprehensive Assessment of Storage Elements in Hybrid Energy Systems to Optimize Energy Reserves

by Muhammad Sarmad Raza, Muhammad Irfan Abid, Muhammad Akmal, Hafiz Mudassir Munir, Zunaib Maqsood Haider, Muhammad Omer Khan, Basem Alamri and Mohammed Alqarni

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8730; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208730 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

Abstract

As the world’s demand for sustainable and reliable energy source intensifies, the need for efficient energy storage systems has become increasingly critical to ensuring a reliable energy supply, especially given the intermittent nature of renewable sources. There exist several energy storage methods, and [...] Read more.

As the world’s demand for sustainable and reliable energy source intensifies, the need for efficient energy storage systems has become increasingly critical to ensuring a reliable energy supply, especially given the intermittent nature of renewable sources. There exist several energy storage methods, and this paper reviews and addresses their growing requirements. In this paper, the energy storage options are subdivided according to their primary discipline, including electrical, mechanical, thermal, and chemical. Different possible options for energy storage under each discipline have been assessed and analyzed, and based on these options, a handsome discussion has been made analyzing these technologies in the hybrid mode for efficient and reliable operation, their advantages, and their limitations. Moreover, combinations of each storage element, hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs), are systems that combine the characteristics of different storage elements for fulfilling the gap between energy supply and demand. HESSs for different storage systems such as pumped hydro storage (PHS), battery bank (BB), compressed air energy storage (CAES), flywheel energy storage system (FESS), supercapacitor, superconducting magnetic coil, and hydrogen storage are reviewed to view the possibilities for hybrid storage that may help to make more stable energy systems in the future. This review of combinations of different storage elements is made based on the previous literature. Moreover, it is assessed that sodium-sulfur batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and advanced batteries are the most helpful element in HESSs, as they can be hybridized with different storage elements to fulfill electricity needs. The results also show that HESSs outperformed other storage systems and, hence, hybridizing the characteristics of different storage elements can be employed for optimizing the performance of energy storage systems. Full article

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18 pages, 798 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Mediating Role of Strategic Adaptability on the Relationship between Human Resource Management Strategies and Innovation

by Zaid Megdad and Dilber Çaglar

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8729; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208729 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

Abstract

Dynamic environmental changes continue to impact organizations’ performance and goals, prompting them to adapt and develop strategies that foster innovation continually. Thus, HRMS enables talented, retaining skilled, and innovative employees who contribute with creative ideas and creative problem-solving problems to enhance innovation practices [...] Read more.

Dynamic environmental changes continue to impact organizations’ performance and goals, prompting them to adapt and develop strategies that foster innovation continually. Thus, HRMS enables talented, retaining skilled, and innovative employees who contribute with creative ideas and creative problem-solving problems to enhance innovation practices in organizations. Therefore, the findings of previous studies are insufficient and considered as empirical evidence to investigate the research constructs relationship. This study aims to examine the gap in strategic adaptability via HRM strategies and innovation in Jordanian banks. The study employs data analysis and hypotheses testing, descriptive analysis approach, and (SEM) structural equation modeling through SPSS-24 and PLS-SEM-4 software. The research population includes 16 Jordanian banks, and a stratified sampling method conducted on 468 respondents resulted in 455 completed ones, the respondents are middle level managers and department heads. The findings reveal a positive significant impact of HRMS and innovation (INN), a significant positive impact of HRMS and strategic adaptability (SA), and a significant positive effect between strategic adaptability (SA) and innovation (INN). In addition, the findings indicate a partial indirect relationship effect between strategic adaptability (SA) via HRMS and innovation (INN). The conclusion shows that the bank’s performance is highly improved by strategic adaptability, which allows the bank to quickly respond to local and global environmental changes, challenges, crises, and market trends, and provides valuable theoretical and practical insights regarding the role of strategic adaptability (SA) relationship between HRM strategies (HRMS) and innovation (INN). These findings are relevant to the global banking sector due to the similar operating conditions and environments. Moreover, a better understanding of these relationships by practitioners and researchers for future studies in different environments, and sectors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Organizational Adaptation: Nurturing Ecosystems for Innovation and Resilience)

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28 pages, 1737 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing the Influence of the Knowledge Management Cycle on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Culture Considering the Interplay of Employee Engagement

by Hayford Asare Obeng, Richard Arhinful, Leviticus Mensah and Jerry Seth Owusu-Sarfo

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8728; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208728 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

Abstract

This study leveraged the social exchange theory to explore the influence of the knowledge management cycle on employee engagement, job satisfaction, and organizational culture within the Ghana Highway Authority (GHA). The structural equation modeling (SEM) software (AMOS version 23) was employed to analyze [...] Read more.

This study leveraged the social exchange theory to explore the influence of the knowledge management cycle on employee engagement, job satisfaction, and organizational culture within the Ghana Highway Authority (GHA). The structural equation modeling (SEM) software (AMOS version 23) was employed to analyze data from 300 GHA employees. The study used snowball sampling and a descriptive cross-sectional methodology to collect data through printed and electronic questionnaires. The findings demonstrated a substantial and positive impact of the knowledge management cycle on employee engagement, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Employee engagement also exhibited a significant and positive influence on both job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Furthermore, employee engagement partially mediated the relationships between the knowledge management cycle, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. This study’s findings underscore the practical implications of allocating resources to knowledge management activities. Such allocation can promote organizational culture and employee satisfaction, enabling firms to achieve real gains. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue (Re)Designing Processes for Improving Supply Chain Sustainability)

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32 pages, 10177 KiB

Open AccessReview

Measuring the Bioeconomy Economically: Exploring the Connections between Concepts, Methods, Data, Indicators and Their Limitations

by Sebastián Leavy, Gabriela Allegretti, Elen Presotto, Marco Antonio Montoya and Edson Talamini

Sustainability 2024, 16(20), 8727; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208727 (registering DOI) - 10 Oct 2024

Abstract

Despite its relevance, measuring the contributions of the bioeconomy to national economies remains an arduous task that faces limitations. Part of the difficulty is associated with the lack of a clear and widely accepted concept of the bioeconomy and moves on to the [...] Read more.

Despite its relevance, measuring the contributions of the bioeconomy to national economies remains an arduous task that faces limitations. Part of the difficulty is associated with the lack of a clear and widely accepted concept of the bioeconomy and moves on to the connections between methods, data and indicators. The present study aims to define the concepts of bioeconomy and to explore the connections between concepts, methods, data, and indicators when measuring the bioeconomy economically and the limitations involved in this process. The bioeconomy concepts were defined based on a literature review and a content analysis of 84 documents selected through snowballing procedures to find articles measuring “how big is the bioeconomy?” The content of the 84 documents was uploaded to the Quantitative Data Analysis (QDA Miner) software and coded according to the bioeconomy concept, the methods or models used, the data sources accessed, the indicators calculated, and the limitations reported by the authors. The results of the occurrence and co-occurrence of the codes were extracted and analyzed statistically, indicating the following: the measurement of the bioeconomy (i) needs to recognize and pursue the proposed concept of a holistic bioeconomy; (ii) rarely considered aspects of a holistic bioeconomy (3.5%); (iii) is primarily based on the concept of biomass-based bioeconomy (BmBB) (94%); (iv) the association with the concept of biosphere (BsBB) appeared in 26% of the studies; (v) the biotech-based bioeconomy (BtBB) was the least frequent (1.2%); (vi) there is a diversity of methods and models, but the most common are those traditionally used to measure macroeconomic activities, especially input-output models; (vii) depending on the prevailing methods, the data comes from various official statistical databases, such as national accounts and economic activity classification systems; (viii) the most frequently used indicators are value added, employment, and Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions; (ix) there are various limitations related to the concept, methods and models, data, indicators, and others, like incomplete, missing, or lack of data, aggregated data, outdated data or databases, uncertainty of the estimated values, the subjectivity in the bio-shares weighting procedures, and other limitations inherent to methods and models. We conclude that current efforts only partially measure the contributions of the bioeconomy, and efforts should be encouraged toward a full assessment, starting by recognizing that the measurement of a holistic bioeconomy should be pursued. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Agricultural Economy: Challenges and Opportunities)

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Sustainability, Volume 16, Issue 20 (October-2 2024) – 25 articles

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