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Regional Water System and Carbon Emission
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Regional Water System and Carbon Emission

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Resources and Sustainable Utilization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 August 2023) | Viewed by 12074

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Rongqin Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China
Interests: carbon emission and low-carbon development; resource management and carbon emission reduction; water-land-energy-carbon nexus
Dr. Kai Fang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Interests: ecological economics; industrial ecology; environmental footprints; planetary boundaries; environmental sustainability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xiaowei Chuai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
Interests: land use/land cover change (LUCC); carbon sink; carbon source; carbon emissions; input-output; tele-coupling; Ecosystem Service Value (ESV)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Heli Lu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The college of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
Interests: land management; resource management; climate change; sustainable development

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This is a call for papers on the topic ‘Regional water system and carbon emission’. Water shortages, energy crises, and global warming have become serious problems around the world. Energy conservation, carbon reduction, and sustainable development have become a major challenge for the international community.

The water–energy–carbon nexus has become a hot topic in recent years. The operation of the regional water system involves water intake, water use, drainage, etc. The life cycle of water use and exploitation is accompanied by huge energy consumption and carbon emissions. Therefore, discovering the carbon emission characteristics of the water system on a regional scale from the perspective of the water–energy–carbon nexus is an urgent scientific problem. It is the basis for assessing the carbon emission of different links in the process of water system operation. Identifying the factors influencing carbon emissions and analyzing the carbon reduction potentials are of great theoretical significance for the low-carbon operation of the water system and could provide references enabling policy-makers to follow reasonable strategies to save water and achieve a reduction in emissions.

For this topic, we would like to invite researchers to focus on hot issues related to the relationship between the regional water system and carbon emissions. Research topics suitable for this Special Issue can include but are not limited to the following subjects:

  • Carbon emission accounting of the regional water system based on an LCA approach;
  • Water–energy–carbon nexus of the water system;
  • Optimal allocation of water resources in the regional system;
  • Low-carbon water and land resource optimization;
  • Carbon emission reduction potential under water resource constraints;
  • Water–carbon cycle in regional natural–social–economic systems;
  • Water and energy saving in the water system;
  • Regional virtual water and carbon emission transfer and their mutual interaction;
  • Carbon emissions of water conservancy facilities;
  • Carbon emissions/sinks of reservoirs;
  • Carbon emission of irrigation systems;
  • Carbon emissions of industrial water energy use.

Dr. Rongqin Zhao
Dr. Kai Fang
Dr. Xiaowei Chuai
Dr. Heli Lu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • water system
  • carbon emission
  • water–energy–carbon nexus

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 10366 KiB  
Article
The Response Mechanisms of Topographic Changes in Small Loess Watershed under Rainstorm
by Zhihong Yao, Jianchen Yang, Pan Zhang, Yu Zhang, Liwei Liu and Dongbao Zhao
Sustainability 2022, 14(17), 10472; https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710472 - 23 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1453
Abstract
This paper uses a small watershed entity model to simulate the rainfall experiment and combines traditional water and sediment observation and terrain three-dimensional laser scanning technology to reveal the characteristics of erosion and sediment yield in small watersheds and the law of channel [...] Read more.
This paper uses a small watershed entity model to simulate the rainfall experiment and combines traditional water and sediment observation and terrain three-dimensional laser scanning technology to reveal the characteristics of erosion and sediment yield in small watersheds and the law of channel sediment transport and quantitatively describe the response mechanism of terrain changes in small watersheds to the layout of silt dams and rainfall intensity. Rainfall intensity with three types (30, 60, and 120 mm/h) under three soil conservation measure types (none dam, single dam, and double dams) was simulated, and a small watershed entity model was adopted. The changes in topography were recorded by a Focus 3D laser scanner (Faro) for each experiment. The main results were as follows: (1) Soil erosion under the effect of rainfall occurs on the slope of the watershed and in the gully, while deposition usually occurs on the gentle slope of the gully or in low-lying areas. (2) When the runoff volume is small, deposition occurs easily in the gully, and vice versa. (3) The increase in the number of silt dams deployed has a small effect on the rate of runoff yield on the small watershed, but the limitation on the rate of sand production is especially obvious. Silt dam measures have a good flood and sand reduction effect on small- and medium-intensity rain, but for high-intensity rain, their runoff and sand reduction effect will be reduced, so rainfall is the dominant factor in the formation of soil erosion. Our results provide the scientific basis for identifying key parts of soil erosion and for the rational arrangement of soil and water conservation measures in loess areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regional Water System and Carbon Emission)
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15 pages, 27565 KiB  
Article
Soil Erosion Process Simulation and Factor Analysis of Jihe Basin
by Zhihong Yao, Yu Zhang, Peiqing Xiao, Lu Zhang, Bo Wang and Jianchen Yang
Sustainability 2022, 14(13), 8114; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138114 - 2 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2132
Abstract
Soil erosion is a notable contributor to carbon emissions. Distributed erosion model can be used to study erosion distribution in different land cover, identify the main influential factors, and hence guide soil and water conservation. In this study, Regional Soil Erosion model (RSEM) [...] Read more.
Soil erosion is a notable contributor to carbon emissions. Distributed erosion model can be used to study erosion distribution in different land cover, identify the main influential factors, and hence guide soil and water conservation. In this study, Regional Soil Erosion model (RSEM) was used to simulate the soil erosion processes of Jihe Basin in 2015, and the Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) implementation was applied to compare the erosion regression of Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) and MGWR as well as study the impact of influential factors on sediment modulus in hillslopes. The results are as follows: (1) MGWR results indicated slope was the dominant factors affecting soil erosion at the catchment scales, where the average coefficients of slope, forest coverage, and grass coverage descended in the value of 0.90, −0.11, and −0.19, and the influences of factors operate over scales; (2) MGWR with the adoptive bandwidths performed well in the goodness of fit, t-test of variables, scales that variables operate, and interactive interpretation of soil erosion; (3) the coupling effects and scales of vegetation and topography factors are an important approach to study soil erosion at a larger scale. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regional Water System and Carbon Emission)
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11 pages, 1614 KiB  
Article
Driving Factors of Heavy Rainfall Causing Flash Floods in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River: A Case Study in the Wuding River Basin, China
by Pan Zhang, Weiying Sun, Peiqing Xiao, Wenyi Yao and Guobin Liu
Sustainability 2022, 14(13), 8004; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138004 - 30 Jun 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2401
Abstract
In the context of climate change, extreme rainfall events have greatly increased the frequency and risk of flash floods in the Yellow River Basin. In this study, the heavy rainfall and flash flood processes were studied as a system. Taking the driving factors [...] Read more.
In the context of climate change, extreme rainfall events have greatly increased the frequency and risk of flash floods in the Yellow River Basin. In this study, the heavy rainfall and flash flood processes were studied as a system. Taking the driving factors of the heavy rainfall causing the flash floods as the main focus, the key factors of the heavy rainfall causing typical flash flood processes were identified, and the driving mechanism by which the heavy rainfall caused flash floods was revealed. Through comparative analysis of the rainfall related to 13 floods with peak discharges of greater than 2000 m3/s since measurements began at Baijiachuan hydrological station, it was found that different rainfall factors played a major driving role in the different flood factors. The factor that had the largest impact on the peak discharge was the average rainfall intensity; the factor that had the largest impact on the flood volume was the rainfall duration; and the factor that had the largest impact on the sediment volume was the maximum 1 h rainfall. The ecological construction of soil and water conservation projects on the Loess Plateau has had obvious peak-cutting and sediment-reducing effects on the flood processes driven by medium- and low-intensity rainfall events, but for high-intensity flash floods, the flood-reducing and sediment-reducing effects of these projects have been smaller. Therefore, despite the background of continuous ecological improvement on the Loess Plateau, the possibility of floods with large sediment loads occurring in the middle reaches of the Yellow River still exists. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regional Water System and Carbon Emission)
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18 pages, 9163 KiB  
Article
Identification and Evaluation of Water Pollution Risk in the Chongqing Section of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China
by Zhihong Yao, Zhuangzhuang Liu, Junshan Lei, Dun Zhu, Haiyan Jia, Muchen Jiang, Chunming Li, Zhilong Xie, Chongchong Peng and Yiwen Zhang
Sustainability 2022, 14(10), 6245; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106245 - 20 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2401
Abstract
The Three Gorges Reservoir is the largest freshwater resource reservoir in China. The water environment security in the Three Gorges Reservoir area has a prominent position in the major national strategy for the protection of the Yangtze River. Based on the pressure–state–response (PSR) [...] Read more.
The Three Gorges Reservoir is the largest freshwater resource reservoir in China. The water environment security in the Three Gorges Reservoir area has a prominent position in the major national strategy for the protection of the Yangtze River. Based on the pressure–state–response (PSR) model, this study comprehensively considers the dangerousness of risk source, the sensitivity of risk receptors, and the acceptable level of regional environmental risk to construct the grading evaluation index system of water environment pollution risk. By using spatial statistical methods, including the variation coefficient method and cold–hot spot pattern analysis, the risk distribution of water environment pollution in the Chongqing section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area was comprehensively identified and evaluated by administrative units. The results showed that: (1) the number of risk sources was largest in Yunyang County and the number of risk receptors was largest in Wanzhou District. However, the distribution of high-risk pollution sources and high-sensitivity receptors was most intensive in the main urban area and surrounding areas of Chongqing, and the regional environmental risk acceptance level was the lowest. (2) The statistical results of risk source dangerousness and the risk receptor sensitivity index at the county level in the study area showed an aggregated distribution pattern, with hotspot areas concentrated in the main urban area of Chongqing and the surrounding area in the upper reaches of the reservoir area. Moreover, the acceptable level of risk in this area showed a cold spot area, while other regions basically showed a balanced distribution pattern without forming significant hot spot or cold spot areas. (3) The high-risk river section of water pollution in the reservoir area comprised five counties, including Jiulongpo District, Yubei District, Shapingba District, Yuzhong District and Nanan District; the middle-risk river section comprised six counties, including Changshou District, Beipei District, Jiangbei District, Dadukou District, Fuling District and Shizhu County; and the low-risk river sections were mainly distributed in the Jiangjin District in the upper reaches of the reservoir area and the middle and lower reaches of the northeast ecological area of Chongqing. Therefore, the acceptable levels of water pollution risk sources, receptors and regional environmental risks in the Chongqing section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area are unevenly distributed, showing an aggregated distribution pattern. The spatial distribution of water environment pollution risk is uneven, and the significant potential risk area is the functional core area of Chongqing, which is the critical area of water environment risk management in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regional Water System and Carbon Emission)
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16 pages, 3304 KiB  
Article
Response of Variation of Water and Sediment to Landscape Pattern in the Dapoling Watershed
by Chong Wei, Zhiqiang Zhang, Zhiguo Wang, Lianhai Cao, Yichang Wei, Xiangning Zhang, Rongqin Zhao, Liangang Xiao and Qing Wu
Sustainability 2022, 14(2), 678; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020678 - 8 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2288
Abstract
The relationship between water-sediment processes and landscape pattern changes has currently become a research hotspot in low-carbon water and land resource optimization research. The SWAT-VRR model is a distributed hydrological model which better shows the effect of land use landscape change on hydrological [...] Read more.
The relationship between water-sediment processes and landscape pattern changes has currently become a research hotspot in low-carbon water and land resource optimization research. The SWAT-VRR model is a distributed hydrological model which better shows the effect of land use landscape change on hydrological processes in the watershed. In this paper, the hydrological models of the Dapoling watershed were built, the runoff and sediment yield from 2006 to 2011 were simulated, and the relationship between landscape patterns and water-sediment yield was analyzed. The results show that the SWAT-VRR model is more accurate and reasonable in describing runoff and sediment yield than the SWAT model. The sub-basins whose soil erosion is relatively light are mostly concentrated in the middle reaches with a slope mainly between 0–5°. The NP, PD, ED, SPIIT, SHEI, and SHDI of the watershed increased slightly, and the COHESION, AI, CONTAG, and LPI showed a certain decrease. The landscape pattern is further fragmented, with the degree of landscape heterogeneity increasing and the connection reducing. The runoff, sediment yield and surface runoff are all extremely significantly negatively correlated with forest, which implies that for more complicated patch shapes of forest which have longer boundaries connecting with the patches of other landscape types, the water and sediment processes are regulated more effectively. Therefore, it can be more productive to carry out research on the optimization of water and soil resources under the constraint of carbon emission based on the SWAT-VRR model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regional Water System and Carbon Emission)
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