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Carbon Capture, Storage and Utilization: From a Sustainability Perspective

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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Engineering and Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 January 2024) | Viewed by 8883

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Faezeh Farhang

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Guest Editor

Western Australian School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
Interests: carbon capture, storage, and utilization (CCUS); mineral carbonation; carbonate product development; green building materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Ali Kiani

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Guest Editor

CSIRO Energy Centre, Mayfield West, NSW 2304, Australia
Interests: CO₂ capture and utilisation; negative emission technologies; direct air capture

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

To keep the rate of global warming below around 1.5 to 2 °C, annual removal of more than ten gigatons of CO₂ from the air is required by the middle of the century. Common carbon-capture technologies offer the promise of turning back the clock on climate change by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and preventing further emissions. Capturing CO₂ before it is emitted or removing it from the air is the first step in this process, and the next important step is to find ways to store and preferably utilize this large volume of gas. Carbon capture, storage, and utilization (CCSU) is critical for meeting climate goals and urgently reaching net-zero emissions. As improbable as it may seem, we have had technology to offset industrial emissions for nearly 50 years. However, there has not been enough incentive to use the technology. Driven by the current industry demand to decarbonize, we have witnessed a significant increase in the level of investment in CCUS technologies. Some of the existing technologies face a range of technical, environmental, and economic challenges. To tackle the climate change crisis, it is necesary to overcome these challenges and make improvements toward cost-effective, rapid, and large-scale CO₂ sequestrations. This promotes research on new methods and novel technologies.

In line with the large demand, research and innovation in this field are expanding at a rapid rate, and we in the journal of Sustainability are committed to facilitating the communication of high-quality studies in this field. In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

Advances in carbon capture and storage technologies;
Advances in CO₂ utilization;
Technology assessment: economic, environmental, and social;
Techno-economic feasibility and life-cycle analysis evaluation of CCUS;
Sustainable carbon capture;
Direct air capture technology;
The biological utilisation of CO₂ in value-added products;
Advances in low emission technologies.

We would strongly encourage the submission of innovative solutions for the integration of CCUS in the hard-to-abate industry sectors such as cement and steel as these two combined emit the largest portion of greenhouse gases to the environment. Furthermore, comparative studies on the techno-economics of the CCUS integrated steel production and green steelmaking are regarded highly in this Special Issue. We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Faezeh Farhang
Dr. Ali Kiani
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

carbon capture, storage, and utilization (CCUS)
direct air capture
hard-to-abate sectors
decarbonization

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 7710 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Simulation Study on Evaluating the Influence of Impurities on Hydrogen Production in Geological Carbon Dioxide Storage

by Seungmo Ko, Sung-Min Kim and Hochang Jang

Sustainability 2023, 15(18), 13620; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813620 - 12 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1322

Abstract

In this study, we examined the effect of CO₂ injection into deep saline aquifers, considering impurities present in blue hydrogen production. A fluid model was designed for reservoir conditions with impurity concentrations of 3.5 and 20%. The results showed that methane caused density decreases of 95.16 and 76.16% at 3.5 and 20%, respectively, whereas H₂S caused decreases of 99.56 and 98.77%, respectively. Viscosity decreased from 0.045 to 0.037 cp with increasing methane content up to 20%; however, H₂S did not affect the viscosity. Notably, CO₂ with H₂S impacted these properties less than methane. Our simulation model was based on the Gorae-V properties and simulated injections for 10 years, followed by 100 years of monitoring. Compared with the pure CO₂ injection, methane reached its maximum pressure after eight years and eleven months at 3.5% and eight years at 20%, whereas H₂S reached maximum pressure after nine years and two months and nine years and six months, respectively. These timings affected the amount of CO₂ injected. With methane as an impurity, injection efficiency decreased up to 73.16%, whereas with H₂S, it decreased up to 81.99% with increasing impurity concentration. The efficiency of CO₂ storage in the dissolution and residual traps was analyzed to examine the impact of impurities. The residual trap efficiency consistently decreased with methane but increased with H₂S. At 20% concentration, the methane trap exhibited higher efficiency at the end of injection; however, H₂S had a higher efficiency at the monitoring endpoint. In carbon capture and storage projects, methane impurities require removal, whereas H₂S may not necessitate desulfurization due to its minimal impact on CO₂ storage efficiency. Thus, the application of carbon capture and storage (CCS) to CO₂ emissions containing H₂S as an impurity may enable economically viable operations by reducing additional costs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Capture, Storage and Utilization: From a Sustainability Perspective)

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20 pages, 30386 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancement of CO₂ Absorption Process Using High-Frequency Ultrasonic Waves

by Athirah Mohd Tamidi, Kok Keong Lau, Siti Munirah Mhd Yusof, Nurulhuda Azmi, Shahidah Zakariya and Umar Patthi

Sustainability 2023, 15(14), 11064; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411064 - 14 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2068

Abstract

The advancement of efficient carbon capture technology is vital for the transition to a net-zero carbon future. Critical developments in ultrasonic irradiation can be used to enhance the conventional CO₂ absorption process. For example, sonophysical effects such as acoustic streaming, acoustic cavitation, acoustic fountain and atomization induced by the propagation of high-frequency ultrasonic waves in a liquid medium can enhance the mixing and create a larger interfacial area for gas–liquid mass transfer. In this study, the performance of a continuous ultrasonic-assisted CO₂ absorption process using MDEA was investigated. The design of experiment (DOE) was used to study the effect of the gas flowrate, liquid flowrate and ultrasonic power on CO₂ absorption performance. Based on the findings, ultrasonic power was the most significant parameter affecting the CO₂ outlet concentration, liquid-to-gas ratio (L/G) and mass transfer coefficient (K_Ga), which confirmed that ultrasonic irradiation has a significant impact on the intensification of the CO₂ absorption process. The optimum condition to achieve the target CO₂ absorption performance was numerically determined and validated with experimental tests. The results from the verification runs were in good agreement with the predicted values, and the average error was less than 10%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Capture, Storage and Utilization: From a Sustainability Perspective)

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Review

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30 pages, 4407 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of the Recent Advancement of Bioconversion of Carbon Dioxide to Added Value Products: A State of the Art

by Fares Almomani, Amera Abdelbar and Sophia Ghanimeh

Sustainability 2023, 15(13), 10438; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310438 - 2 Jul 2023

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4691

Abstract

Excessive dependence on fossil fuels increases GHG emissions and carbon levels in the atmosphere, leading to climatic changes. This phenomenon can be reversed by capturing the carbon via “carbon capture and storage” (CCS) or “carbon capture and utilize” (CCU) technologies. In CCS methods, the captured carbon is stored in natural sinks (e.g., oceans), whereas, in CCU methods, the carbon is converted into useful products. Among CCU methods, the biological conversion of CO₂ (

{B i o C o n}_{{C O}_{2}}

) into value-added chemicals has gained great attention. This review focuses on providing an overview of the recent advances in CO₂ utilization technology with a focus on the

{B i o C o n}_{{C O}_{2}}

. The theoretical background and technical drivers, challenges, and setbacks of upscaling and commercialization of

{B i o C o n}_{{C O}_{2}}

are critically discussed with implications for future improvements. The

{B i o C o n}_{{C O}_{2}}

is increasingly attracting the attention of researchers and industrialists for its capacity to operate under low CO₂ concentrations and in the presence of impurities (common conditions in industrial flue gases)—among other numerous advantages. While upscaling algae-based

{B i o C o n}_{{C O}_{2}}

has operational and financial challenges, bioconversion via bacteria and genetically engineered cyanobacterial seems promising due to their efficiency and flexibility. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Capture, Storage and Utilization: From a Sustainability Perspective)

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