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Water Availability under Climate Change

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Air, Climate Change and Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2023) | Viewed by 7329

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
National Centre for Earth Observation, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AH, UK
Interests: decadal climate variability; global energy and water budget

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The sensitivity of water availability to climate change is receiving an increasing amount of attention as the world’s population growth continues. Although water is one of the most abundant resources on our planet, less than 1% is freshwater available for agricultural, industrial, and other consumptive uses. As such, understanding how this limited terrestrial water resource changes under global warming is of critical importance for water management and policy/decision making.

This Special Issue aims to bring together recent advances in regional water assessments across a range of time scales, from the historical change perspective to future change scenarios. For a better understanding of the physical mechanism of the water cycle change, contributions based on new observations or reconstruction data, state-of-the-art modeling approaches, and advanced analysis methodologies are highly welcome. Future emission scenarios, as in the IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), are encouraged to be considered as a standard for impact and risk assessment studies.

Potential topics to be considered include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Historical or projected changes in precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff/streamflow, soil moisture and terrestrial water storage, and their physical linkages to climate forcing;
  • Changes in drought characteristics, e.g., occurrence frequency and intensity;
  • Hydrological change and variability associated with extreme climate events, e.g., tropical cyclones, torrential rain and floods, and heat waves and cold surges;
  • Rainfall changes associated with changing characteristics of monsoon and atmospheric circulation;
  • Quantifying water cycle change associated with natural climate variability vs. anthropogenic climate change;
  • Climate change impacts on surface water balance;
  • Glacier retreat and snow cover melt under global warming;
  • Changes in terrestrial vegetation and freshwater ecosystems;
  • Assessments of climate change impacts on water supply and crop cultivation;
  • Risk assessments on water-related hazards and disasters, and public health and socio-economic issues;
  • Adaptation and mitigation strategies for water resource management under various projection scenarios;
  • Advances in drought and flood monitoring and forecasting.

Dr. Bo Dong
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • regional water cycle
  • surface water budget
  • sensitivity of terrestrial water resources to climate change
  • glacier and snow cover retreat
  • precipitation
  • drought and flood
  • climate extremes

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 4732 KiB  
Article
Snow Cover Temporal Dynamic Using MODIS Product, and Its Relationship with Precipitation and Temperature in the Tropical Andean Glaciers in the Alto Santa Sub-Basin (Peru)
by Elmer Calizaya, Wilber Laqui, Saul Sardón, Fredy Calizaya, Osmar Cuentas, José Cahuana, Carmen Mindani and Walquer Huacani
Sustainability 2023, 15(9), 7610; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097610 - 5 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2881
Abstract
The retreats of the planet’s tropical glaciers are natural indicators of the variation of precipitation, temperature, and other variables. The glaciers of the Alto Santa sub-basin are sources of freshwater storage for consumptive and non-consumptive use for different sectors. As a result of [...] Read more.
The retreats of the planet’s tropical glaciers are natural indicators of the variation of precipitation, temperature, and other variables. The glaciers of the Alto Santa sub-basin are sources of freshwater storage for consumptive and non-consumptive use for different sectors. As a result of climatic variations, it is essential to analyze the dynamics of the snow cover area (SCA). The methodology consisted of processing 6578 MODIS Snow Cover MOD10A1 product images and generating 18-year time series using the Platform Google Earth Engine (GEE). Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) was used to estimate the extent of snow cover, and to validate the MODIS snow cover product, we used the same overlapping date of Landsat 5 and 8 Surface Reflectance Tier 1, to examine the relationships between daily precipitation and temperature. The standardized correlation results gave good results with stations over 4500 m.a.s.l., such as Artesonraju AP2 (4828 m.a.s.l.) of −0.84 and −0.74, precipitation, and temperature. These results show coherent behaviors of the retreat due to the variation of the climatological variables. In some years, there were anomalies in the conduct of the three variables, but these originated from events of natural weather phenomena. Regarding the dynamics of the SCA in 18 years, it decreased from 649 km2 to 311.6. km2 between 2000 and 2017, representing a retreat of 41%; we can conclude and confirm that the glacier retreat is imminent due to the consequences of climate change, which would affect the security of freshwater from the tropical glaciers of the Peruvian Andes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Availability under Climate Change)
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17 pages, 5111 KiB  
Article
Quantifying the Impact of Cascade Reservoirs on Streamflow, Drought, and Flood in the Jinsha River Basin
by Keyao Zhang, Xu Yuan, Ying Lu, Zipu Guo, Jiahong Wang and Hanmin Luo
Sustainability 2023, 15(6), 4989; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064989 - 10 Mar 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1886
Abstract
The Jinsha River Basin (JRB) is the largest hydropower base in China, serving as the main source of the Western Route of China’s South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Under the influence of the reservoirs operation and climate change, the general hydrological regime in the [...] Read more.
The Jinsha River Basin (JRB) is the largest hydropower base in China, serving as the main source of the Western Route of China’s South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Under the influence of the reservoirs operation and climate change, the general hydrological regime in the JRB has been altered. Although the change process can be determined through a runoff time-series analysis and hydrological simulation, the individual impacts of the reservoirs have not been quantified. This study aimed to clarify the impact of the reservoirs in the JRB on the runoff, flood, and drought processes using a framework coupling long short-term memory (LSTM) and flood drought assessment techniques. The results are as follows: (1) From 1998 to 2020, reservoirs in the JRB changed the average daily runoff at Pingshan Station by −5.64%, +10.95%, and −10.93% at the annual and seasonal (dry and rainy) scales, respectively. (2) The operation of dams reduces the risk of flood disasters effectively. Compared with the natural river flow, the flood frequency decreased by 7.69%, and the total flow over the threshold was reduced by 37.86%. (3) The operation of dams has changed the duration and severity of drought, reducing extreme drought and increasing moderate and severe drought. In conclusion, the reservoirs in the JRB have positive effects on water resource regulation, and their mitigation of floods and extreme drought provides security for the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. This study provides a reference for the LSTM modeling of reservoir basins, quantifying the impact of reservoirs on runoff, flood, and drought in the JRB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Availability under Climate Change)
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24 pages, 4701 KiB  
Article
Investigating Terrestrial Water Storage Response to Meteorological Drought in the Canadian Prairies
by Mohamed Hamdi and Kalifa Goïta
Sustainability 2022, 14(20), 13216; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013216 - 14 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1606
Abstract
The Canadian Prairies region is considered a climate change hot spot due to the extreme drought events and their impacts on water resources. The overall goal of this research is to understand the linkage between meteorological droughts and Total Water Storage (TWS) variations [...] Read more.
The Canadian Prairies region is considered a climate change hot spot due to the extreme drought events and their impacts on water resources. The overall goal of this research is to understand the linkage between meteorological droughts and Total Water Storage (TWS) variations in the Canadian Prairies. To achieve this goal, a diversified database is collected and analyzed by geostatistical tools and cross-wavelet transform approach. It concerns a multitude of climatic data (four CMIP6 multi-model datasets) and satellite observations (GRACE data). The results indicate that: (1) the models overestimate the precipitation rate over the Canadian Prairies, and the Norwegian Earth System Model version 2 (NorESM2–LM) is the most suitable model for the context of the Canadian Prairies; (2) Sen’s slope estimator of annual rainfall can reach −2.5 mm/year/year, with a decreasing magnitude of trends in the NE to SW direction; (3) the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Modified China-Z Index (MCZI) demonstrate that, in the past, most of the climatological years were near normal with some extremely dry years (1952, 2000, 2003, and 2015) and one extremely wet year (1960); (4) the projections in the far future indicate an increase in the number of extremely dry years (2037, 2047, 2080, 2089, and 2095); (5) the combined analysis of GRACE-derived TWS and drought indices show the direct impact of the meteorological drought periods on the water resources. The TWS values decreased from 23 cm in 2002 to −54 cm in 2020, indicating a significant water reserve decline in the region. The results of this study are expected to provide a valuable perspective to understand the dynamic of hydrosystems in a climate change context in the Canadian Prairies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Availability under Climate Change)
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