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15 pages, 3468 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Objective Energy Optimal Scheduling of Multiple Pulsed Loads in Isolated Power Systems

by Fan Li, Dong Liu, Boyu Qin, Ke Sun, Dan Wang, Hanqing Liang, Cheng Zhang and Taikun Tao

Sustainability 2022, 14(23), 16021; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142316021 - 30 Nov 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1111

Abstract

Isolated power systems (IPS) usually have multifaceted operational objectives in engineering scenarios, and many key tasks are performed by multiple pulsed loads. The research on multi-objective energy optimal scheduling in isolated power systems which contain multiple pulsed loads is the subject of this [...] Read more.

Isolated power systems (IPS) usually have multifaceted operational objectives in engineering scenarios, and many key tasks are performed by multiple pulsed loads. The research on multi-objective energy optimal scheduling in isolated power systems which contain multiple pulsed loads is the subject of this paper. In addition, optimal mobility and maximum multiple pulsed load performance value are discussed. By introducing the concept of ship speed at the end state, isolated power system maneuverability is properly characterized by the final state ship speed, combined with the maximum efficiency of multiple pulsed loads, and a multi-objective optimization model of weighted form is constructed using a general, given solution method. In addition, two specific solutions regarding typical engineering scenarios are proposed in this paper: accelerating the catch-up situation and accelerating the evacuation situation. Algorithms for general situations and specific solutions regarding typical engineering scenarios are proposed. Study cases regarding specific engineering scenarios are demonstrated to verify the correctness and efficiency of the method. Finally, the limitations and shortcomings of the established methodology are emphasized. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Electric Power Systems: Design, Analysis and Control)

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16 pages, 3269 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prediction of Photovoltaic Power by the Informer Model Based on Convolutional Neural Network

by Ze Wu, Feifan Pan, Dandan Li, Hao He, Tiancheng Zhang and Shuyun Yang

Sustainability 2022, 14(20), 13022; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013022 - 12 Oct 2022

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3023

Abstract

Accurate prediction of photovoltaic power is of great significance to the safe operation of power grids. In order to improve the prediction accuracy, a similar day clustering convolutional neural network (CNN)–informer model was proposed to predict the photovoltaic power. Based on correlation analysis, [...] Read more.

Accurate prediction of photovoltaic power is of great significance to the safe operation of power grids. In order to improve the prediction accuracy, a similar day clustering convolutional neural network (CNN)–informer model was proposed to predict the photovoltaic power. Based on correlation analysis, it was determined that global horizontal radiation was the meteorological factor that had the greatest impact on photovoltaic power, and the dataset was divided into four categories according to the correlation between meteorological factors and photovoltaic power fluctuation characteristics; then, a CNN was used to extract the feature information and trends of different subsets, and the features output by CNN were fused and input into the informer model. The informer model was used to establish the temporal feature relationship between historical data, and the final photovoltaic power generation power prediction result was obtained. The experimental results show that the proposed CNN–informer prediction method has high accuracy and stability in photovoltaic power generation prediction and outperforms other deep learning methods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Electric Power Systems: Design, Analysis and Control)

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16 pages, 2454 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Stacking Model for Photovoltaic-Power-Generation Prediction

by Hongchao Zhang and Tengteng Zhu

Sustainability 2022, 14(9), 5669; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095669 - 7 May 2022

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 2751

Abstract

Despite the clean and renewable advantages of solar energy, the instability of photovoltaic power generation limits its wide applicability. In order to ensure stable power-grid operations and the safe dispatching of the power grid, it is necessary to develop a model that can [...] Read more.

Despite the clean and renewable advantages of solar energy, the instability of photovoltaic power generation limits its wide applicability. In order to ensure stable power-grid operations and the safe dispatching of the power grid, it is necessary to develop a model that can accurately predict the photovoltaic power generation. As a widely used prediction method, the stacking model has been applied in many fields. However, few studies have used stacking models to predict photovoltaic power generation. In the research, we develop four different stacking models that are based on extreme gradient boosting, random forest, light gradient boosting, and gradient boosting decision tree to predict photovoltaic power generation, by using two datasets. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the stacking model is higher than that of the single ensemble-learning model, and that the prediction accuracy of the Stacking-GBDT model is higher than the other stacking models. The stacking model that is proposed in this research provides a reference for the accurate prediction of photovoltaic power generation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Electric Power Systems: Design, Analysis and Control)

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19 pages, 619 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling Challenges for Improving the Heat Rate Performance in a Thermal Power Plant: Implications for SDGs in Energy Supply Chains

by T. Sivageerthi, Bathrinath Sankaranarayanan, Syed Mithun Ali, Ali AlArjani and Koppiahraj Karuppiah

Sustainability 2022, 14(8), 4510; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084510 - 10 Apr 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1804

Abstract

Rapid industrialization and the increased use of consumer electronic goods have increased the demand for energy. To meet the increasing energy demand, global nations are looking for energy from renewable sources rather than non-renewable sources, to adhere with the sustainability principle. As energy [...] Read more.

Rapid industrialization and the increased use of consumer electronic goods have increased the demand for energy. To meet the increasing energy demand, global nations are looking for energy from renewable sources rather than non-renewable sources, to adhere with the sustainability principle. As energy from renewable sources is still in the experimental stage, there is a need to use available energy sources optimally. Considering this, the present study aims to identify, evaluate, and reveal the interrelationship among critical challenge factors in improving the heat rate performance of coal-fired thermal power plants. The study identifies twenty critical challenges through a comprehensive literature review. Then, to evaluate the identified critical challenges, the grey-DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) technique is used. For evaluating the challenges, this study conducts an empirical analysis in a thermal power plant in India. The findings reveal that air preheater leakage, coal flow balancing, and air heater air outlet temperature are the top three critical challenges hampering the thermal power plant’s performance. Additionally, fourteen challenges come under the cause group, while eight challenges come under the effect group. The findings of the study can assist industrial managers in overcoming problems in their thermal power plants. The results can also guide the development of a robust and reliable framework for mitigating these challenges. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Electric Power Systems: Design, Analysis and Control)

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23 pages, 3743 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modelling the Relationships among the Key Factors Affecting the Performance of Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plants: Implications for Achieving Clean Energy

by T. Sivageerthi, Bathrinath Sankaranarayanan, Syed Mithun Ali and Koppiahraj Karuppiah

Sustainability 2022, 14(6), 3588; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063588 - 18 Mar 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1769

Abstract

Most countries depend on coal-fired thermal power plants (CTPPs) to meet energy demands. However, the adverse environmental impacts of CTPPs also remain a major concern. As the energy generations from renewable energy resources are still in the developing stage, reliance on CTPPs is [...] Read more.

Most countries depend on coal-fired thermal power plants (CTPPs) to meet energy demands. However, the adverse environmental impacts of CTPPs also remain a major concern. As the energy generations from renewable energy resources are still in the developing stage, reliance on CTPPs is inevitable. Hence, the efficiency of CTPPs has to be improved, while decreasing carbon emissions. This study aims to identify and evaluate the key factors that need to be addressed in improving the performance and minimizing the carbon emission of CTPPs. With the literature review and industrial interaction, twenty-four key factors are identified. Next, an integrated approach of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and fuzzy decision-making and trial laboratory (FDEMATEL) is used to evaluate the key factors. FAHP prioritizes the key factors and FDEMATEL reveals the relationship among the key factors. Results indicate air preheater leakage, plugging by ash, high levels of air ingress, air preheater secondary fire, and high levels of corrosion as the top five key factors affecting CTPP performance. Based on the outcome, the study offers some implications that may assist the industrial management in taking timely actions in improving the performance of CTPPs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Electric Power Systems: Design, Analysis and Control)

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Review

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36 pages, 8569 KiB

Open AccessReview

Towards a Future Hydrogen Supply Chain: A Review of Technologies and Challenges

by Fan Li, Dong Liu, Ke Sun, Songheng Yang, Fangzheng Peng, Kexin Zhang, Guodong Guo and Yuan Si

Sustainability 2024, 16(5), 1890; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16051890 - 25 Feb 2024

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2484

Abstract

The overuse of fossil fuels has caused a serious energy crisis and environmental pollution. Due to these challenges, the search for alternative energy sources that can replace fossil fuels is necessary. Hydrogen is a widely acknowledged future energy carrier because of its nonpolluting [...] Read more.

The overuse of fossil fuels has caused a serious energy crisis and environmental pollution. Due to these challenges, the search for alternative energy sources that can replace fossil fuels is necessary. Hydrogen is a widely acknowledged future energy carrier because of its nonpolluting properties and high energy density. To realize a hydrogen economy in the future, it is essential to construct a comprehensive hydrogen supply chain that can make hydrogen a key energy carrier. This paper reviews the various technologies involved in the hydrogen supply chain, encompassing hydrogen production, storage, transportation, and utilization technologies. Then, the challenges of constructing a hydrogen supply chain are discussed from techno-economic, social, and policy perspectives, and prospects for the future development of a hydrogen supply chain are presented in light of these challenges. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Electric Power Systems: Design, Analysis and Control)

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25 pages, 1672 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Comprehensive Review on Energy Storage System Optimal Planning and Benefit Evaluation Methods in Smart Grids

by Fan Li, Dan Wang, Dong Liu, Songheng Yang, Ke Sun, Zhongjian Liu, Haoyang Yu and Jishuo Qin

Sustainability 2023, 15(12), 9584; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129584 - 14 Jun 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3204

Abstract

Smart grids are the ultimate goal of power system development. With access to a high proportion of renewable energy, energy storage systems, with their energy transfer capacity, have become a key part of the smart grid construction process. This paper first summarizes the [...] Read more.

Smart grids are the ultimate goal of power system development. With access to a high proportion of renewable energy, energy storage systems, with their energy transfer capacity, have become a key part of the smart grid construction process. This paper first summarizes the challenges brought by the high proportion of new energy generation to smart grids and reviews the classification of existing energy storage technologies in the smart grid environment and the practical application functions of energy storage in smart grids. Secondly, optimization planning and the benefit evaluation methods of energy storage technologies in the three different main application scenarios, including the grid side, user side, and new energy side, are analyzed. The advantages and shortcomings of the current research are also pointed out. Furthermore, the paper sheds light on the pressing issues that demand further consideration in energy storage planning. Finally, the aspects that warrant attention in the future application and promotion processes are elucidated in detail, culminating in a comprehensive understanding of the energy storage technologies in smart grids. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Electric Power Systems: Design, Analysis and Control)

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26 pages, 8602 KiB

Open AccessReview

Optimal Placement and Operation of FACTS Technologies in a Cyber-Physical Power System: Critical Review and Future Outlook

by Ewaoche John Okampo, Nnamdi Nwulu and Pitshou N. Bokoro

Sustainability 2022, 14(13), 7707; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137707 - 24 Jun 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2692

Abstract

With the current transitioning and increasing complexity of power systems owing to the continuous integration of distributed generators (DGs) and Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), power system quality and security studies have extended to incorporate the impacts of these technologies. This paper presents [...] Read more.

With the current transitioning and increasing complexity of power systems owing to the continuous integration of distributed generators (DGs) and Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), power system quality and security studies have extended to incorporate the impacts of these technologies. This paper presents a review of the operation and reliability impacts of FACTS technologies in improving power quality and security in modern Cyber-Physical Power Systems (CPPS). While introducing DG to the power system helps to decentralize the network for easy accessibility and enhances clean energy system, it creates new challenges such as harmonics, voltage instability, and frequency distortion. These challenges can be tackled with FACTS devices which are flexible and dynamic smart electronic controllers used to stabilize power system parameters to improve power quality and reliability. This paper examines the current state-of-the-art optimization techniques and artificial intelligence and/or computational techniques for optimal placement and operation of FACTS devices. This review highlights the generational advancement of FACTS technologies and the different objectives of optimal placement and operation of these devices. Moreover, the concept of CPPS is discussed with the potential utilization of distribution-FACTS (D-FACTS) devices for network security. Furthermore, a bibliometric analysis was carried out to show research trend of FACTS utilization. The result presents future trajectories for power utility industries and researchers interested in power system optimization and the application of FACTS technologies in smart power system networks. Some of the significant findings leads to proposed demand-side management for placement of DGs and FACTS technologies as a more strategic optimal system sizing to minimize cost. It was also concluded that future design of FACTS/D-FACTS devices must consider and appreciate interactions with the automated systems of CPPS to enhance effective integration. To this end, design modification of the operational configuration of these devices with sensors for real-time synchronized control and interaction with other CPPS technologies is an area that requires more research attention in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Electric Power Systems: Design, Analysis and Control)

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