Toxicity Assessment of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Marine Environments

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Emerging Contaminants".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2024) | Viewed by 4770

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Rd., Cambridge, UK
Interests: carbon export; ocean acidification; zooplankton; microplastics; nanoplastics; ocean; marine ecosystem

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Rd., Cambridge, UK
Interests: microplastics; nanoplastics; ocean; marine ecosystem

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plastics contaminate marine and other ecosystems to an extent that they can be considered a marker for the Anthropocene. Globally, plastic has been observed to negatively impact marine organisms and ecosystem health, with toxicological effects stemming both from the chemicals associated with plastics and the plastic itself. Moreover, the toxicity threshold to plastic pollution can be lower when associated with other human-induced stressors compared to in singularity. This includes potential synergistic/additive effects of plastic with climatic stressors (i.e., ocean acidification, ocean warming) as well as other pollutants (e.g., POP, metalloids).

This Special Issue aims to broaden our insight into the toxicity of microplastics an nanoplastics in the marine environment from the perspective of a rapidly changing ocean, which requires an urgent, international response.

We welcome a range of novel contributions (original research, method development, and perspective, opinion, and review pieces), from controlled experiments to local or global field observations, as well as modeling approaches. Research areas may include (but are not limited to): (i) micro and nano, exposure, in vivo behavior and bioaccumulation; (ii) bioindicators, biomarkers and specific organism thresholds for micro and nano plastic pollution; (iii) exposome analysis, risk assessment; (iv) multi-stressors and cumulative impacts; (v) mitigation/remediation pathways. We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Clara Manno
Dr. Emily Rowlands
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • microplastic
  • nanoplastic
  • toxicity
  • marine ecosystem
  • multistressors

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2751 KiB  
Article
Microplastics Distribution within Western Arctic Seawater and Sea Ice
by Alessandra D’Angelo, Nicole Trenholm, Brice Loose, Laura Glastra, Jacob Strock and Jongsun Kim
Toxics 2023, 11(9), 792; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090792 - 20 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2057
Abstract
Microplastic pollution has emerged as a global environmental concern, exhibiting wide distribution within marine ecosystems, including the Arctic Ocean. Limited Arctic microplastic data exist from beached plastics, seabed sediments, floating plastics, and sea ice. However, no studies have examined microplastics in the sea [...] Read more.
Microplastic pollution has emerged as a global environmental concern, exhibiting wide distribution within marine ecosystems, including the Arctic Ocean. Limited Arctic microplastic data exist from beached plastics, seabed sediments, floating plastics, and sea ice. However, no studies have examined microplastics in the sea ice of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Tallurutiup Imanga National Marine Conservation Area, and few have explored Arctic marginal seas’ water column. The majority of the microplastic data originates from the Eurasian Arctic, with limited data available from other regions of the Arctic Ocean. This study presents data from two distinct campaigns in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Western Arctic marginal seas in 2019 and 2020. These campaigns involved sampling from different regions and matrices, making direct comparisons inappropriate. The study’s primary objective is to provide insights into the spatial and vertical distribution of microplastics. The results reveal elevated microplastic concentrations within the upper 50 m of the water column and significant accumulation in the sea ice, providing evidence to support the designation of sea ice as a microplastic sink. Surface seawater exhibits a gradient of microplastic counts, decreasing from the Chukchi Sea towards the Beaufort Sea. Polyvinyl chloride polymer (~60%) dominated microplastic composition in both sea ice and seawater. This study highlights the need for further investigations in this region to enhance our understanding of microplastic sources, distribution, and transport. Full article
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Review

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18 pages, 1508 KiB  
Review
Microplastic Removal in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) by Natural Coagulation: A Literature Review
by Taskeen Reza, Zahratul Huda Mohamad Riza, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah, Hassimi Abu Hasan, Nur ‘Izzati Ismail and Ahmad Razi Othman
Toxics 2024, 12(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12010012 - 22 Dec 2023
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Abstract
Urban industrialization has caused a ubiquity of microplastics in the environment. A large percentage of plastic waste originated from Southeast Asian countries. Microplastics arising from the primary sources of personal care items and industrial uses and the fragmentation of larger plastics have recently [...] Read more.
Urban industrialization has caused a ubiquity of microplastics in the environment. A large percentage of plastic waste originated from Southeast Asian countries. Microplastics arising from the primary sources of personal care items and industrial uses and the fragmentation of larger plastics have recently garnered attention due to their ubiquity. Due to the rising level of plastic waste in the environment, the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of plastics threaten aquatic and human life. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are one of the major sources of these plastic fragments. WWTPs in Southeast Asia contribute largely to microplastic pollution in the marine environment, and thus, further technological improvements are required to ensure the complete and efficient removal of microplastics. Coagulation is a significant process in removing microplastics, and natural coagulants are far superior to their chemical equivalents due to their non-toxicity and cost-effectiveness. A focused literature search was conducted on journal repository platforms, mainly ScienceDirect and Elsevier, and on scientific databases such as Google Scholar using the keywords Wastewater Treatment Plant, Coagulation, Microplastics, Marine Environment and Southeast Asia. The contents and results of numerous papers and research articles were reviewed, and the relevant papers were selected. The relevant findings and research data are summarized in this paper. The paper reviews (1) natural coagulants for microplastic removal and their effectiveness in removing microplastics and (2) the potential use of natural coagulants in Southeast Asian wastewater treatment plants as the abundance of natural materials readily available in the region makes it a feasible option for microplastic removal. Full article
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