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Toxics
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Ecotoxicity Induced by Pesticides Exposure Volume II
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Ecotoxicity Induced by Pesticides Exposure Volume II

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Ecotoxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 July 2024) | Viewed by 5084

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Qingming Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Interests: pesticide risk assessment; environmental chemistry; pesticide pollution remediation; soil biology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last few decades, pesticides have played an irreplaceable role in agricultural practice for controlling pests and increasing crop yield and quality. However, the inefficient and extensive use of pesticides inadvertently results in environmental pollution and produces toxic effects in non-target organisms and on human health. Therefore, thoroughly understanding the environmental behavior and potential ecotoxicity of pesticide exposure are vitally important for pesticides’ environmental safety and scientific application. Moreover, the development of new or systematic pesticide exposure risk assessment methods is also crucial for the clarification/analysis of the risk of pesticides in complex real-world environments.

This Special Issue on “Ecotoxicity Induced by Pesticides Exposure Volume II” aims to gather studies covering various aspects of this topic, and we encourage scientists around the world to contribute original research papers and reviews dealing with the ecotoxicity and risk assessment of pesticide exposure. Articles may include but are not limited to the following topics:

  • Ecotoxicity to non-target organisms
  • Ecological risk assessment
  • Mixture toxicity
  • Stereoselective toxicity
  • Aquatic toxicology
  • Risk assessment method
  • Toxicity reduction strategy
  • Multiple omics analysis of toxicity
  • Toxic mechanism
  • Toxicological model.

Prof. Dr. Qingming Zhang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pesiticde ecotoxicity
  • aquatic organism
  • terrestrial organism
  • soil microorganisms
  • pesticides risk assesment
  • toxic mechanism
  • biotoxicity and bioavailability
  • toxicity biomarkers
  • toxicological model

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1424 KiB  
Communication
Deltamethrin’s Effect on Nitrogen-Fixing Nodules in Medicago truncatula
by Rosario De Fazio, Cristian Piras and Domenico Britti
Toxics 2024, 12(8), 615; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12080615 - 21 Aug 2024
Viewed by 593
Abstract
Deltamethrin is used against plant pests (e.g., mites and ants) and, in farm animals, against biting insects because of its acaricidal and repellent effects against ticks, thus protecting the sheep and cattle from the transmission of pathogens. However, its impact on the environment [...] Read more.
Deltamethrin is used against plant pests (e.g., mites and ants) and, in farm animals, against biting insects because of its acaricidal and repellent effects against ticks, thus protecting the sheep and cattle from the transmission of pathogens. However, its impact on the environment still needs to be fully evaluated. This study evaluates the impact of this pyrethroid on the nitrogen-fixing nodules in Medicago truncatula, a model legume. This research compares nodular biomass and root weight between a deltamethrin-treated section and an untreated control section of this legume. Our results indicate a significant reduction in the biomass of nitrogen-fixing nodules in the treated grove, suggesting that deltamethrin negatively affects the symbiotic relationship between M. truncatula and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. This reduction in nodule formation can impair soil fertility and plant growth, highlighting an ecological risk associated with pyrethroid’s use in livestock farming. These findings underscore the need for a shift towards Green Veterinary Pharmacology (GVP), which promotes environmentally sustainable practices in managing livestock health. By minimizing our reliance on harmful chemical treatments, GVP offers viable solutions to protect and enhance ecosystem services such as biological nitrogen fixation that are essential for maintaining soil health and agricultural productivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecotoxicity Induced by Pesticides Exposure Volume II)
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12 pages, 2337 KiB  
Article
Degradation of Three Herbicides and Effect on Bacterial Communities under Combined Pollution
by Liangchi Mei, Xinle Xia, Jian Cao, Yuzhen Zhao, Haiyun Huang, Ying Li and Zhaoxian Zhang
Toxics 2024, 12(8), 562; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12080562 - 1 Aug 2024
Viewed by 802
Abstract
Pesticide residues in soil, especially multiple herbicide residues, cause a series of adverse effects on soil properties and microorganisms. In this work, the degradation of three herbicides and the effect on bacterial communities under combined pollution was investigated. The experimental results showed that [...] Read more.
Pesticide residues in soil, especially multiple herbicide residues, cause a series of adverse effects on soil properties and microorganisms. In this work, the degradation of three herbicides and the effect on bacterial communities under combined pollution was investigated. The experimental results showed that the half-lives of acetochlor and prometryn significantly altered under combined exposure (5.02–11.17 d) as compared with those of individual exposure (4.70–6.87 d) in soil, suggesting that there was an antagonistic effect between the degradation of acetochlor and prometryn in soil. No remarkable variation in the degradation rate of atrazine with half-lives of 6.21–6.85 d was observed in different treatments, indicating that the degradation of atrazine was stable. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing results showed that the antagonistic effect of acetochlor and prometryn on the degradation rate under combined pollution was related to variation of the Sphingomonas and Nocardioide. Furthermore, the potential metabolic pathways of the three herbicides in soil were proposed and a new metabolite of acetochlor was preliminarily identified. The results of this work provide a guideline for the risk evaluation of combined pollution of the three herbicides with respect to their ecological effects in soil. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecotoxicity Induced by Pesticides Exposure Volume II)
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15 pages, 1286 KiB  
Article
Microarray and Functional Pathway Analyses Revealed Significantly Elevated Gene Expressions Associated with Metabolic Resistance to Oxamyl (Vydate) in Lygus lineolaris
by Yu-Cheng Zhu, Yuzhe Du, Xiaofen Liu, Maribel Portilla, Jian Chen and Yanhua Wang
Toxics 2024, 12(3), 188; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12030188 - 28 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1330
Abstract
The tarnished plant bug (TPB, Lygus lineolaris) remains a major pest for a variety of crops. Frequent sprays on row crops, especially cotton, prompted resistance development in field populations. To maintain chemical control as an effective tool against the pest, knowledge of [...] Read more.
The tarnished plant bug (TPB, Lygus lineolaris) remains a major pest for a variety of crops. Frequent sprays on row crops, especially cotton, prompted resistance development in field populations. To maintain chemical control as an effective tool against the pest, knowledge of global gene regulations is desirable for better understanding and managing the resistance. Novel microarray expressions of 6688 genes showed 685 significantly upregulated and 1382 significantly downregulated genes in oxamyl-selected TPBs (Vyd1515FF[R]) from a cotton field. Among the 685 upregulated genes (participated in 470 pathways), 176 genes code 30 different enzymes, and 7 of the 30 participate in 24 metabolic pathways. Six important detoxification pathways were controlled by 20 genes, coding 11 esterases, two P450s, two oxidases, and three pathway-associated enzymes (synthases, reductase, and dehydrogenase). Functional analyses showed substantially enhanced biological processes and molecular functions, with hydrolase activity as the most upregulated molecular function (controlled by 166 genes). Eleven esterases belong to the acting on ester bond subclass of the 166 hydrolases. Surprisingly, only one GST showed significant upregulation, but it was not involved in any detoxification pathway. Therefore, this research reports a set of 20 genes coding 6 enzyme classes to detoxify a carbamate insecticide oxamyl in Vyd1515FF. Together with three previous reports, we have obtained the best knowledge of resistance mechanisms to all four conventional insecticide classes in the economically important crop pest. This valuable finding will greatly facilitate the development of molecular tools to monitor and manage the resistance and to minimize risk to environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecotoxicity Induced by Pesticides Exposure Volume II)
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Review

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18 pages, 1413 KiB  
Review
Effects of Insecticide and Herbicides on Thyroid Disturbances in Zebrafish
by Tingting Ma, Xiangji An, Peng Wu, Xiaoli He and Yongming Luo
Toxics 2024, 12(8), 570; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12080570 - 3 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1274
Abstract
Thyroid cancer usually begins with thyroid dysfunction and nodules and has become the most common cancer globally, especially in women. Although the causes of thyroid dysfunction are complex, the presence of environmental pollutants, especially certain pesticides as established mutagens, has been widely accepted. [...] Read more.
Thyroid cancer usually begins with thyroid dysfunction and nodules and has become the most common cancer globally, especially in women. Although the causes of thyroid dysfunction are complex, the presence of environmental pollutants, especially certain pesticides as established mutagens, has been widely accepted. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have similar toxic reactions and signal transduction pathways to humans and are very similar to humans in physiology, development, and metabolic function. Here, the direct toxicity effects and mechanisms of different insecticides and herbicides on zebrafish thyroid functions and indirect toxicity effects originating from thyroid dysfunction were summarized and compared. The overall toxicity of insecticides on the zebrafish thyroid was greater than that of herbicides based on effective concentrations. Penpropathrin and atrazine were more typical thyroid disruptors than other pesticides. Meanwhile, chiral pesticides showed more sophisticated single/combined toxicity effects on both parental and offspring zebrafish. Besides thyroid hormone levels and HPT axis-related gene expression alteration, developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity, and oxidative damage effects were all observed. These data are necessary for understanding the thyroid interference effect of pesticides on humans and for screening for thyroid disruptors in surface water with zebrafish models for the pre-assessment of human health risks and ecological risk control in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecotoxicity Induced by Pesticides Exposure Volume II)
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14 pages, 1096 KiB  
Review
A Review of Remediation Strategies for Diphenyl Ether Herbicide Contamination
by Qingqing Fan, Yi Shen, Yong Yang and Qingming Zhang
Toxics 2024, 12(6), 397; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12060397 - 29 May 2024
Viewed by 622
Abstract
In agriculture, diphenyl ether herbicides are a broad-spectrum family of pesticides mainly used to control annual weeds in agriculture. Although diphenyl ether herbicides have a long-lasting effect in weed control, they can also be harmful to succeeding crops, as well as to the [...] Read more.
In agriculture, diphenyl ether herbicides are a broad-spectrum family of pesticides mainly used to control annual weeds in agriculture. Although diphenyl ether herbicides have a long-lasting effect in weed control, they can also be harmful to succeeding crops, as well as to the water and soil environment. Residual herbicides can also harm a large number of non-target organisms, leading to the death of pest predators and other beneficial organisms. Therefore, it is of great significance to control and remediate the contamination caused by diphenyl ether herbicide residues for the sake of environmental, nutritional, and biological safety. This review provides an overview of the techniques used for remediating diphenyl ether herbicide contamination, including biological, physical, and chemical remediation. Among these techniques, bioremediation, particularly microbial biodegradation technology, is extensively employed. The mechanisms and influencing factors of different remediation techniques in eliminating diphenyl ether herbicide contamination are discussed, together with a prospect for future development directions. This review serves as a scientific reference for the efficient remediation of residual contamination from diphenyl ether herbicides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecotoxicity Induced by Pesticides Exposure Volume II)
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