New Trends in Vector and Pest Control: The Search for Safer and Greener Chemicals

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Agrochemicals and Food Toxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 27 September 2024 | Viewed by 2589

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
CTIS, 3 Chemin de la Gravière, 69140 Rillieux La Pape, France
Interests: QSAR; QSPR; (eco)toxicology modeling; pesticides; biocides; endocrine disruption; vector control

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleague,

Arthropod vectors are harmful to human well-being because they can potentially transmit pathogens to humans, livestock and plants, with vector-borne pathogens being directly or indirectly responsible for millions of human deaths every year. For example, in 2021, nearly half of the world's population was at risk of malaria, which is spread to humans by Anopheles mosquitoes, and that year, the estimated number of deaths reached roughly 600,000. Infections in plants and animals lead to important economic losses. For instance, the olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae) remains the main insect pest when it comes to olive crops, causing an estimated 15% reduction in world production each year.

Although vector management has long relied on natural and synthetic insecticides, awareness of their toxicological and ecotoxicological effects is rather new, as is the search for innovative strategies to overcome the problems of resistance that result from their intensive use. This implies the development and use of control strategies that involve using fewer amounts of insecticides (e.g., autodissemination) as well as acquiring a better knowledge of their sublethal effects and behavior in situ. This also implies the discovery of new insecticides with fewer adverse effects on humans and the environment. This search for new insecticides and new targets can be carried out conventionally or by QSAR modeling and other in silico techniques.

The goal of this Special Issue is to bring together vector control operators, ecotoxicologists, toxicologists and modelers interested in finding innovative solutions for pest and vector control that are less detrimental to human health and the environment.

Authors are invited to submit original research papers, reviews and short communications.

Dr. James Devillers
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • insecticides
  • biocides
  • synergists
  • repellents
  • product formulations
  • resistance
  • effects on non-target organisms
  • human health
  • QSAR/QSPR
  • fate models
  • innovative control strategy

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1416 KiB  
Article
Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Cyromazine on the Biology of Musca domestica Based on the Age–Stage, Two-Sex Life Table Theory
by Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan
Toxics 2024, 12(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12010002 - 19 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1068
Abstract
Cyromazine is a triazine insect growth regulator insecticide that is recommended for control of Musca domestica worldwide. Cyromazine is highly effective in causing mortality of M. domestica; however, some aspects of its lethal and sublethal effects on the biology of M. domestica [...] Read more.
Cyromazine is a triazine insect growth regulator insecticide that is recommended for control of Musca domestica worldwide. Cyromazine is highly effective in causing mortality of M. domestica; however, some aspects of its lethal and sublethal effects on the biology of M. domestica are still unknown. The present study explored lethal and sublethal effects on several biological traits and population parameters of M. domestica. Concentration–response bioassays of cyromazine against third-instar larvae of M. domestica exhibited sublethal and lethal effects from concentrations of 0.03 (LC10), 0.06 (LC25), and 0.14 (LC50) μg/g of a larval medium. Exposure of M. domestica larvae to these concentrations resulted in reduced fecundity, survival, longevity and oviposition period, and delayed development of immature stages (i.e., egg hatch time and larval and pupal durations) in the upcoming generation of M. domestica. The values of population parameters such as intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, net reproductive rate, age-specific survival rate and fecundity, and age–stage life expectancy and reproductive value, analyzed using the age–stage and two-sex life table theory, were significantly reduced in a concentration-dependent manner in comparison with the control group. In conclusion, the study highlights the significant effects of cyromazine on the biology of M. domestica that could help suppress its population in cases of severe infestations. Full article
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17 pages, 1455 KiB  
Article
Nonlinear SAR Modelling of Mosquito Repellents for Skin Application
by James Devillers, Adeline Larghi, Valérie Sartor, Marie-Laure Setier-Rio, Christophe Lagneau and Hugo Devillers
Toxics 2023, 11(10), 837; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11100837 - 2 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1169
Abstract
Finding new marketable mosquito repellents is a complex and time-consuming process that can be optimized via modelling. In this context, a SAR (Structure–Activity Relationship) model was designed from a set of 2171 molecules whose actual repellent activity against Aedes aegypti was available. Information-rich [...] Read more.
Finding new marketable mosquito repellents is a complex and time-consuming process that can be optimized via modelling. In this context, a SAR (Structure–Activity Relationship) model was designed from a set of 2171 molecules whose actual repellent activity against Aedes aegypti was available. Information-rich descriptors were used as input neurons of a three-layer perceptron (TLP) to compute the models. The most interesting classification model was a 20/6/2 TLP showing 94% and 89% accuracy on the training set and test set, respectively. A total of 57 other artificial neural network models based on the same architecture were also computed. This allowed us to consider all chemicals both as training and test set members in order to better interpret the results obtained with the selected model. Most of the wrong predictions were explainable. The 20/6/2 TLP model was then used for predicting the potential repellent activity of new molecules. Among them, two were successfully evaluated in vivo. Full article
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