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Measurements, Observations and Theoretical Studies on the Solar Magnetic Field—Celebrating...
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Measurements, Observations and Theoretical Studies on the Solar Magnetic Field—Celebrating the 40th Anniversary of the Huairou Solar Observing Station

A special issue of Universe (ISSN 2218-1997). This special issue belongs to the section "Solar and Stellar Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 16 May 2025 | Viewed by 2670

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Shangbin Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Science, 20A Datun Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Yanqihu East Rd, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China
Interests: solar magnetic field
Prof. Dr. Mei Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Science, 20A Datun Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Yanqihu East Rd, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China
Interests: solar magnetic field; solar dynamo; MHD
Prof. Dr. Junfeng Hou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Science, 20A Datun Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Yanqihu East Rd, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China
Interests: polarization measurements; optics
Prof. Dr. Jiaben Lin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Science, 20A Datun Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Yanqihu East Rd, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China
Interests: electronics; space technology
Prof. Dr. Yu Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
Interests: space physics; sun; meteorology; solar activity; space plasma physics; site survey; corona magnetic field

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The magnetic field in astrophysical plasma was first discovered by Hale in 1908 from the solar sunspots through the Zeeman effect. Since then, it has been gradually realized that solar magnetic fields drive the solar radiation, solar wind, energetic particles, and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), allowing the so-called weather of space to significantly affect the modern human society and also push forward to understand the activity of the Universe in the new era of multi-messenger astronomy. The Huairou Solar Observing Station (HSOS) was founded in 1984 by Academician Prof. Ai Guoxiang and has been observing the solar magnetic field for 40 years. In those years, a series of advanced solar magnetic field measurement technologies and instruments have been invented in HSOS, such as the Multiple Channel Technology Telescope (MCT/SMCT/SFMM), full-disk ground/space magnetograph (SMAT/FMG), AIMS working at a middle-infrared wavelength, etc. Based on these long-time stable and high-quality solar magnetic field measurements, a series of impactful research work has been conducted focusing on areas such as the chromosphere magnetic field, helicity of the solar cycles, modeling relative magnetic helicity in solar corona and its role in solar eruption, solar activity in multiple wavelength and long-time evolution, etc.

To celebrate this anniversary and utilize the summary and perspective of the current and future solar magnetic field measurements and research, the scope of this Special Issue is to address these topics as a multidisciplinary field of research, important for its diversified areas of solar magnetic field measurements, observation, and theoretical research.

This Special Issue welcomes contributions on the following topics:

  • Solar magnetic field measurements;
  • Solar polarimetry;
  • Spectro-polarimetric inversion;
  • Multi-wavelength solar observations;
  • Modelling the solar magnetic field from chromosphere to interplanetary space;
  • Topological analysis for the solar magnetic field;
  • Data-driven MHD models;
  • Solar Dynamo;
  • Space weather and forecasting models;
  • Astroinformatics in solar physics;
  • Long-term historical solar observations;
  • Current and future space/ground solar telescope projects.

While we expect many contributions from participants for the 40th anniversary of the Huairou Solar Observing Station (https://sun.bao.ac.cn/anniversary40th/), we also welcome original and high-quality relevant manuscripts from all scientists working on the above-mentioned topics. 

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Shangbin Yang
Prof. Dr. Mei Zhang
Prof. Dr. Junfeng Hou
Prof. Dr. Jiaben Lin
Prof. Dr. Yu Liu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Universe is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • solar magnetic field
  • solar polarimetry
  • multi-wavelength diagnostic
  • topology analysis
  • astroinformatics
  • MHD
  • solar dynamo
  • space weather forecasting
  • solar historical data
  • space projects

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 7215 KiB  
Article
Radio Spectrum Observations and Studies of the Solar Broadband Radio Dynamic Spectrometer (SBRS)
by Jing Huang and Baolin Tan
Universe 2024, 10(12), 440; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10120440 - 29 Nov 2024
Viewed by 413
Abstract
Solar radio spectral observation is one of the essential approaches for solar physics research, which helps us study the plasma dynamics in the solar atmosphere. The Solar Broadband Radio Dynamic Spectrometer (SBRS) started observing the Sun at Huairou Solar Observing Station in Beijing, [...] Read more.
Solar radio spectral observation is one of the essential approaches for solar physics research, which helps us study the plasma dynamics in the solar atmosphere. The Solar Broadband Radio Dynamic Spectrometer (SBRS) started observing the Sun at Huairou Solar Observing Station in Beijing, China, in 1999. It has obtained a large amount of high-quality observation data of solar radio dynamic spectra in the centimeter–decimeter wavelengths (1.10–7.60 GHz). In particular, the observations with high-temporal resolution of millisecond and high-frequency resolution of MHz display plenty of superfine structures in the dynamic spectrum, which provide crucial information on the radiation process of various radio bursts. We review the past history of solar radio spectral observation and scientific results of SBRS. It is meaningful and will undoubtedly help us inspire new ideas for future research. The understanding of the basic plasma processes in solar plasma could also promote the development of solar physics, astrophysics, and space weather. To broaden the observation frequency range, we propose a new spectrometer at millimeter wavelengths (20–100 GHz) with ultra-wideband and high time–frequency resolution to study the physical processes in the solar transition region. This will open a new window for solar physics research and will provide crucial observational evidence for exploring a series of major issues in solar physics, including coronal heating, solar eruptions, and the origin of solar winds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Measurements, Observations and Theoretical Studies on the Solar Magnetic Field—Celebrating the 40th Anniversary of the Huairou Solar Observing Station)
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13 pages, 2344 KiB  
Article
Automated High-Precision Recognition of Solar Filaments Based on an Improved U2-Net
by Wendong Jiang and Zhengyang Li
Universe 2024, 10(10), 381; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10100381 - 29 Sep 2024
Viewed by 594
Abstract
Solar filaments are a significant solar activity phenomenon, typically observed in full-disk solar observations in the H-alpha band. They are closely associated with the magnetic fields of solar active regions, solar flare eruptions, and coronal mass ejections. With the increasing volume of observational [...] Read more.
Solar filaments are a significant solar activity phenomenon, typically observed in full-disk solar observations in the H-alpha band. They are closely associated with the magnetic fields of solar active regions, solar flare eruptions, and coronal mass ejections. With the increasing volume of observational data, the automated high-precision recognition of solar filaments using deep learning is crucial. In this study, we processed full-disk H-alpha solar images captured by the Chinese H-alpha Solar Explorer in 2023 to generate labels for solar filaments. The preprocessing steps included limb-darkening removal, grayscale transformation, K-means clustering, particle erosion, multiple closing operations, and hole filling. The dataset containing solar filament labels is constructed for deep learning. We developed the Attention U2-Net neural network for deep learning on the solar dataset by introducing an attention mechanism into U2-Net. In the results, Attention U2-Net achieved an average Accuracy of 0.9987, an average Precision of 0.8221, an average Recall of 0.8469, an average IoU of 0.7139, and an average F1-score of 0.8323 on the solar filament test set, showing significant improvements compared to other U-net variants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Measurements, Observations and Theoretical Studies on the Solar Magnetic Field—Celebrating the 40th Anniversary of the Huairou Solar Observing Station)
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20 pages, 11521 KiB  
Article
Calibration of Polarization Data for Vector Magnetographs at the Huairou Solar Observing Station over the Past Four Decades
by Jiangtao Su, Haiqing Xu, Suo Liu, Jiaben Lin, Hui Wang, Yongliang Song, Xianyong Bai, Shangbin Yang, Jie Chen, Xiaofan Wang, Yingzi Sun, Xiao Yang and Yuanyong Deng
Universe 2024, 10(8), 314; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10080314 - 31 Jul 2024
Viewed by 878
Abstract
The Huairou Solar Observing Station (HSOS) has conducted solar vector magnetic field observations for 40 years and developed multiple vector magnetographs (including one space magnetic field observation instrument). Using these accumulated magnetic field observation data, HSOS has achieved significant progress in solar physics [...] Read more.
The Huairou Solar Observing Station (HSOS) has conducted solar vector magnetic field observations for 40 years and developed multiple vector magnetographs (including one space magnetic field observation instrument). Using these accumulated magnetic field observation data, HSOS has achieved significant progress in solar physics research, including important advancements in the helicity sign rule of solar active regions, the helicity characteristics of strong and weak magnetic fields in active regions, the chromospheric magnetic field characteristics of the Sun, the evolution of magnetic fields in active regions, and the extraction of magnetic field characteristics for flare precursors. However, due to historical reasons, the calibration of vector magnetic field data in HSOS are not standardized. Therefore, this paper summarizes past historical experiences and introduces the standardized calibration procedure for vector magnetic field processing in detail. These calibration procedures are the basic steps of the calibration process for the space vector magnetograph (Full-Disk Vector MagnetoGraph, abbreviated as FMG) observation data, and are also applicable to the calibration of other instrument observation data at HSOS. They mainly include basic processing of polarization data and in-depth processing of vector magnetic fields. We believe that such calibration processing of the historical data collected by HSOS over the past 40 years will help us to accurately measure and analyze the solar magnetic field, further revealing the laws of solar activity and its impact on the Earth’s environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Measurements, Observations and Theoretical Studies on the Solar Magnetic Field—Celebrating the 40th Anniversary of the Huairou Solar Observing Station)
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