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Universe
Special Issues
Spontaneous Breaking of Conformal Symmetry
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Spontaneous Breaking of Conformal Symmetry

A special issue of Universe (ISSN 2218-1997).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2020) | Viewed by 5563

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Andrej Arbuzov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
Interests: quantum field theory; standard model; radiative corrections; cosmology; general relativity; spontaneous symmetry breaking

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The symmetry principle is one of the guiding rules in physics. Among many possible geometrical symmetries, the conformal one certainly pretends to be fundamental, even so that it is obviously broken in the world around us. In particular, the scale invariance of physical laws is broken by the presence of at least three energy scales: the QCD one, the electroweak one, and the Planck mass in general relativity. The origin(s) and the hierarchy of these scales (and other possible new physics ones) is a fundamental problem in modern physics. On the other hand, for many serious reasons, we do not consider the Standard Model and general relativity as the ultimate fundamental theories. Thus, looking for their extensions based, in particular, on additional symmetries is one of the major directions of modern theoretical physics. The approach of spontaneous symmetry breaking looks quite promising, since it allows explaining the observation of phenomena which do not obey the extended symmetry, while the latter remains fundamental. Further from the mathematical physics point of view, the approach of nonlinear symmetry realization can be applied to the same purpose.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to collect contributions on current theoretical research on possible ways of scale invariance and conformal symmetry breaking in different areas of physics. We aim to provide the reader with an updated overview of the recent advances in the field. We wish to invite both original and review papers to this Special Issue along any of the lines related to this fascinating area of research.

Prof. Dr. Andrej Arbuzov
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Universe is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Spontaneous symmetry breaking
  • Nonlinear symmetry realizations
  • Conformal symmetry
  • Fundamental energy scales
  • Hierarchy problem
  • Standard Model
  • Quantum chromodynamics
  • General relativity

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 909 KiB  
Article
Genuine Dilatons in Gauge Theories
by R. J. Crewther
Universe 2020, 6(7), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe6070096 - 10 Jul 2020
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 2601
Abstract
A genuine dilaton σ allows scales to exist even in the limit of exact conformal invariance. In gauge theories, these may occur at an infrared fixed point (IRFP) α IR through dimensional transmutation. These large scales at α IR can be separated from [...] Read more.
A genuine dilaton σ allows scales to exist even in the limit of exact conformal invariance. In gauge theories, these may occur at an infrared fixed point (IRFP) α IR through dimensional transmutation. These large scales at α IR can be separated from small scales produced by θ μ μ , the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. For quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the conformal limit can be combined with chiral S U ( 3 ) × S U ( 3 ) symmetry to produce chiral-scale perturbation theory χ PT σ , with f 0 ( 500 ) as the dilaton. The technicolor (TC) analogue of this is crawling TC: at low energies, the gauge coupling α goes directly to (but does not walk past) α IR , and the massless dilaton at α IR corresponds to a light Higgs boson at α ≲ α IR . It is suggested that the W ± and Z 0 bosons set the scale of the Higgs boson mass. Unlike crawling TC, in walking TC, θ μ μ produces all scales, large and small, so it is hard to argue that its “dilatonic” candidate for the Higgs boson is not heavy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spontaneous Breaking of Conformal Symmetry)
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17 pages, 323 KiB  
Article
Gravity and Nonlinear Symmetry Realization
by Andrej Arbuzov and Boris Latosh
Universe 2020, 6(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe6010012 - 10 Jan 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2222
Abstract
Application of nonlinear symmetry realization technique to gravity is studied. We identify the simplest extensions of the Poincare group suitable for nonlinear realization at the level of physical fields. Two simple models are proposed. The first one introduces additional scalar degrees of freedom [...] Read more.
Application of nonlinear symmetry realization technique to gravity is studied. We identify the simplest extensions of the Poincare group suitable for nonlinear realization at the level of physical fields. Two simple models are proposed. The first one introduces additional scalar degrees of freedom that may be suitable for driving inflation. The second one describes states with well-defined mass that lack a linear interaction with matter states. We argue that this phenomenon points out a necessity to draw a distinction between gravitational states with well-defined masses and states that participate in interaction with matter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spontaneous Breaking of Conformal Symmetry)
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