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Veterinary Sciences
Special Issues
Exploring Animal Models for Diabetes Research
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Exploring Animal Models for Diabetes Research

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Biomedical Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 12423

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dhananjay Yadav

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
Interests: diabetes; immunology; autoimmune disease; cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ananta Prasad Arukha

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
Interests: Infectious diseases and immunology; vaccine and therapeutics; gut microbiota; lactic acid bacteria; coronavirus
Dr. Rakesh Kumar Arya

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Interests: lipid metabolism; CGI-58; HSP60; cancer stem cells

Special Issue Information

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that mainly is characterized by elevated blood sugar levels in the body. There are chiefly two types of diabetes, i.e., type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is also called insulin-dependent diabetes because of the requirement of insulin as these patients could not synthesize insulin due to autoimmune destruction of β cells. Type 2 diabetes is non-insulin-dependent diabetes, caused by impairment of insulin secretion and β cell dysfunctions. 

The prevalence of diabetes is growing all over the world due to genetic and environmental reasons and this tread will continue in the future. Diabetes is not in itself a single disease but it is associated with various disorders such as macro and micro-vascular complications which poses a great danger to mankind. Hence it is prudent to intervene this disease at an early stage so that the chance of mortality can be lower. To prevent diabetes, it is important to understand the pathogenesis and treatment via any drugs, appropriate animal models of diabetes are needed. The animal model of diabetes should emulate the pathophysiology and history of diabetes or developing diabetic complications that equivalent to the human state. Although there seems to be no single diabetic model that embraces all of the characteristics, literature shows that many animal models can be used and suggested to be a better showcase of diabetes in humans. This Special Issue will highlight the importance of animal models in diabetes and to explore a new avenue of therapeutic systems to prevent the progression of diabetes. It will help us to better understand the pathophysiological mechanism that needs to be targeted in diabetes.

This Special Issue aims to provide an opportunity for the distribution of updated information on various animal models that were previously used because of the similarity with human diabetes and also to highlight various recent therapy to treat the diabetes.

Dr. Dhananjay Yadav
Dr. Ananta Prasad Arukha
Dr. Rakesh Kumar Arya
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Veterinary Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • animal models
  • diabetes
  • obesity
  • autoimmunity
  • preventive measures of diabetes

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1364 KiB  
Article
Inhibiting Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Ameliorates Enteropathy in Diabetic Mice: A Cannabinoid 1 Receptor Mediated Mechanism
by Vikram Thakur, Mohammad Bashashati, Josue Enriquez and Munmun Chattopadhyay
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(7), 364; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9070364 - 16 Jul 2022
Viewed by 1746
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility in diabetics exhibits fecal incontinence or constipation which affects patients’ quality of life. In this study, we aimed to understand the pattern of GI transit in type 1 diabetic (T1D) mice and whether inhibiting endocannabinoid degradation would exhibit therapeutic effect. [...] Read more.
Gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility in diabetics exhibits fecal incontinence or constipation which affects patients’ quality of life. In this study, we aimed to understand the pattern of GI transit in type 1 diabetic (T1D) mice and whether inhibiting endocannabinoid degradation would exhibit therapeutic effect. Whole gut-transit time and fecal-pellet output were measured at 16 week post-diabetes. T1D mice treated with fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597 showed reduced fecal output as well as improved gut transit time. Cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonist, AM251 blocked the effects of URB597, which may demonstrate that FAAH inhibitor is a potential remedial strategy for GI dysmotility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Animal Models for Diabetes Research)
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16 pages, 2071 KiB  
Article
Time-Restricted Feeding Improved Vascular Endothelial Function in a High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Rat Model
by Ahmad Khusairi Azemi, Abdul Rahim Siti-Sarah, Siti Safiah Mokhtar and Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(5), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9050217 - 28 Apr 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3899
Abstract
Obesity, where there is enhancement of stored body fat in adipose tissues, is associated with cardiovascular complications that are mainly related to atherosclerosis. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a form of restricted eating aimed at reducing weight in obese subjects. The present study aims [...] Read more.
Obesity, where there is enhancement of stored body fat in adipose tissues, is associated with cardiovascular complications that are mainly related to atherosclerosis. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a form of restricted eating aimed at reducing weight in obese subjects. The present study aims to investigate changes in vascular endothelial function, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and protein kinase B (Akt) protein expressions with TRF in obese and normal rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two normal and three obese groups; obesity was induced in the obese groups by feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD) for six weeks. After six weeks, rats were equally divided into five groups (n = 7 per group): Normal group (NR) which continued on a standard diet for six more weeks, normal group switched to TRF with a standard diet for six weeks (NR + TRFSD), obese group (OR) which continued on HFD for six more weeks, obese group switched to TRF of HFD (OR + TRFHFD), and obese group switched to TRF of a standard diet (OR + TRFSD). TRF was practiced for six weeks, after which the rats were sacrificed. Aortic endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent relaxations and contractions were assessed using the organ bath. Aortic eNOS and Akt protein expressions were determined using immunoblotting. Fasting blood glucose, body weight, body mass index (BMI), serum lipid profile, Lee’s index, serum insulin levels, and sensitivity (HOMA-IR) were also measured. Endothelium-dependent relaxation was significantly impaired, while endothelium-dependent contraction increased in obese rats compared to that in normal rats. Both obese groups which underwent TRF with a HFD and standard diet improved their impairments in endothelium-dependent relaxation and reduced endothelium-dependent contraction; these were associated with increased expressions of aortic eNOS and Akt protein. Both obese groups with TRF reduced body weight, BMI, Lee’s index, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and improved insulin sensitivity. TRF improved endothelium-dependent relaxation and reduced endothelium-dependent contraction, thus attenuating endothelial dysfunction in obese rats. These were associated with increased aortic eNOS and Akt protein expressions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Animal Models for Diabetes Research)
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Review

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16 pages, 1060 KiB  
Review
Zebrafish: A Model to Study and Understand the Diabetic Nephropathy and Other Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
by Charles Sharchil, Amulya Vijay, Vinu Ramachandran, Sambhavi Bhagavatheeswaran, Reena Devarajan, Bhupendra Koul, Dhananjay Yadav and Anandan Balakrishnan
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(7), 312; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9070312 - 22 Jun 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5624
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complicated metabolic illness that has had a worldwide impact and placed an unsustainable load on both developed and developing countries’ health care systems. According to the International Diabetes Federation, roughly 537 million individuals had diabetes in 2021, with [...] Read more.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complicated metabolic illness that has had a worldwide impact and placed an unsustainable load on both developed and developing countries’ health care systems. According to the International Diabetes Federation, roughly 537 million individuals had diabetes in 2021, with type 2 diabetes mellitus accounting for the majority of cases (T2DM). T2DM is a chronic illness defined by insufficient insulin production from pancreatic islet cells. T2DM generates various micro and macrovascular problems, with diabetic nephropathy (DN) being one of the most serious microvascular consequences, and which can lead to end-stage renal disease. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has set the way for its future as a disease model organism. As numerous essential developmental processes, such as glucose metabolism and reactive metabolite production pathways, have been identified in zebrafish that are comparable to those seen in humans, it is a good model for studying diabetes and its consequences. It also has many benefits over other vertebrate models, including the permeability of its embryos to small compounds, disease-driven therapeutic target selection, in vivo validation, and deconstruction of biological networks. The organism can also be utilized to investigate and understand the genetic abnormalities linked to the onset of diabetes problems. Zebrafish may be used to examine and visualize the growth, morphology, and function of organs under normal physiological and diabetic settings. The zebrafish has become one of the most useful models for studying DN, especially when combined with genetic alterations and/or mutant or transgenic fish lines. The significant advancements of CRISPR and next-generation sequencing technology for disease modelling in zebrafish, as well as developments in molecular and nano technologies, have advanced the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of several human diseases, including DN. In this review, we emphasize the physiological and pathological processes relating to microvascular problems in zebrafish, as well as the many experimental zebrafish models used to research DN, and the DN-related outcomes and mechanisms observed in zebrafish. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Animal Models for Diabetes Research)
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