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Advances in Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering: Modelling, Performances, Optimization...
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Advances in Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering: Modelling, Performances, Optimization Application and Environmental Effects

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 3 January 2025 | Viewed by 5421

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Huanhuan Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
Interests: hydropower; dispatching of hydropower station; renewable energy; hybrid power system; fluid mechanics; stability and control; dynamical model; transient process; risk assessment
Dr. Runfan Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Interests: renewable energy power system; hydropower generation; distributed energy storage systems; control strategy; virtual power plants; pumped storage power plant; smart grid
Dr. Tian Lan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
Interests: hydrological modelling and parameters optimization; hydrological change detection and attribution research; hydrological statistics; information mining of hydrological data; application of deep learning algorithms

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hydropower plays an important role in providing clean and sustainable electricity. With the ever-increasing penetration of renewable energy into the electric system, there are considerable environmental and economic benefits from hydropower complementarity. Simultaneously, for the development and application of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, the following problems are critical: improving operational performance and regulating the capabilities of hydropower, evaluating the complementary potential of hydropower such as reducing carbon emissions and replacing fossil fuels, improving the accuracy of hydrological forecasting in optimal hydropower scheduling, and achieving safe and efficient complementary power systems. For this Special Issue, we invite scholars to submit their research that converges on advances in hydropower research and hydrological forecasting concerning the modelling, performance, optimization application and environmental effects.

We are seeking papers surrounding knowledge of mathematical models, optimal operation, fluid mechanics, computational hydraulics, artificial intelligence, data mining, stability analysis, and other advanced techniques or approaches. To reflect the current trends in water conservancy and hydropower engineering, authors are also invited to submit their innovative ideas to address the coordinated operation of hydropower with renewable energy by analyzing hybrid power ‎systems in terms of models, flexibility, control, low-frequency oscillation, unit commitment, optimal scheduling, energy potential, economic and environmental subjects. Renewable energy in these hybrid power systems can include solar, wind, and geothermal energy that reduces pollutant production and dependence on fossil fuels.‎ Although priority will be given to fundamental issues, papers focusing on important unconventional or emerging applications of broad interest are also welcome.

The topics covered by this Special Issue include but are not limited to:

  • Advanced models, stability analysis, and controllers in hydropower and renewable energy systems;
  • Artificial intelligence and data-mining techniques in water conservancy and hydropower engineering;
  • Experimental studies on hydropower systems in transient processes;
  • Computational methods in fluid dynamics, nonlinear dynamics, and structure dynamics;
  • The optimization of models and coordinated strategies of renewable energy systems;
  • Analyses of the stability, flexibility, complementary potential, and environmental benefit of hydropower in hybrid power systems;
  • Risk assessment and residual service life prediction of fluid mechanical components;
  • Hydrological models and hydrological forecasting under changing climatic conditions.

Dr. Huanhuan Li
Dr. Runfan Zhang
Dr. Tian Lan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • water–energy nexus
  • renewable energy
  • solar energy
  • wind energy
  • common hydro and pumped hydro
  • hydrological forecast
  • fluid mechanics
  • coordinated operation
  • stability and control

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 2846 KiB  
Article
Information Gap Decision-Making Theory-Based Medium- and Long-Term Optimal Dispatching of Hydropower-Dominated Power Grids in a Market Environment
by Peilin Wang, Chengguo Su, Hangtian Guo, Biao Feng, Wenlin Yuan and Shengqi Jian
Water 2024, 16(17), 2407; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172407 - 27 Aug 2024
Viewed by 400
Abstract
In the high-proportion hydropower market, the fairness of the execution of traded electricity and clean energy consumption are two issues that need to be considered in medium- and long-term dispatching. Aiming at the fairness of medium- and long-term optimal dispatching of hydropower-dominated grids [...] Read more.
In the high-proportion hydropower market, the fairness of the execution of traded electricity and clean energy consumption are two issues that need to be considered in medium- and long-term dispatching. Aiming at the fairness of medium- and long-term optimal dispatching of hydropower-dominated grids and the problem of water abandonment in the power market environment, this paper proposes a medium- and long-term optimal dispatching method for hydropower-dominated grids based on the information gap decision-making theory (IGDT). Firstly, IGDT is used to establish a two-layer model of medium- and long-term optimal dispatching that considers runoff uncertainty, in which the lower layer solves the maximum value of the maximum difference in the contract power completion rate of the power stations, and the upper layer solves the maximum fluctuation range of the interval inflow. Then, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP)-based single-layer optimization model is obtained through a variety of linearization techniques, and the model is solved via the CPLEX solver (version 12.10.0). The medium- and long-term optimal dispatching of 10 thermal power stations and 22 hydropower stations in Yunnan Power Grid, China, is taken as an example to verify the proposed model. The results show that the maximum difference in the contracted electricity completion rate of each power station is 0.412, and the amount of abandoned hydropower is reduced by 81.33% compared to when the abandoned water penalty function is not considered. It is proved that the proposed model can effectively alleviate the problems of excessive power generation, insufficient power generation and large-scale hydropower abandonment, which are of great significance for realizing the fair dispatching of hydropower-dominated power grids and promoting clean energy consumption in the market environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering: Modelling, Performances, Optimization Application and Environmental Effects)
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24 pages, 6188 KiB  
Article
Optimal Coordinated Operation for Hydro–Wind Power System
by Huanhuan Li, Huiyang Jia, Zhiwang Zhang and Tian Lan
Water 2024, 16(16), 2256; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16162256 - 10 Aug 2024
Viewed by 580
Abstract
The intermittent and stochastic characteristics of wind power pose a higher demand on the complementarity of hydropower. Studying the optimal coordinated operation of hydro–wind power systems has become an extremely effective way to create safe and efficient systems. This paper aims to study [...] Read more.
The intermittent and stochastic characteristics of wind power pose a higher demand on the complementarity of hydropower. Studying the optimal coordinated operation of hydro–wind power systems has become an extremely effective way to create safe and efficient systems. This paper aims to study the optimal coordinated operation of a hybrid power system based on a newly established Simulink model. The analysis of the optimal coordinated operation undergoes two simulation steps, including the optimization of the complementary mode and the optimization of capacity allocation. The method of multiple complementary indicators is adopted to enable the optimization analysis. The results from the complementary analysis show that the hydraulic tracing effect obviously mitigates operational risks and reduces power losses under adverse wind speeds. The results from the analysis of capacity allocation also show that the marginal permeation of installed wind capacity will not exceed 250 MW for a 100 MW hydropower plant under random wind speeds. These simulation results are obtained based on the consideration of some real application scenarios, which help power plants to make the optimal operation plan with a high efficiency of wind energy and high hydro flexibility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering: Modelling, Performances, Optimization Application and Environmental Effects)
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20 pages, 3761 KiB  
Article
Multi-Objective Ecological Long-Term Operation of Cascade Reservoirs Considering Hydrological Regime Alteration
by Changjiang Xu, Di Zhu, Wei Guo, Shuo Ouyang, Liping Li, Hui Bu, Lin Wang, Jian Zuo and Junhong Chen
Water 2024, 16(13), 1849; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16131849 - 28 Jun 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 547
Abstract
Constructing and operating cascade reservoirs significantly contribute to comprehensive basin water resource management, while altering natural hydrological regimes of rivers, which imposes negative impacts on riverine ecology. The main aim of this study is to synergistically optimize the objectives of increasing hydropower generation [...] Read more.
Constructing and operating cascade reservoirs significantly contribute to comprehensive basin water resource management, while altering natural hydrological regimes of rivers, which imposes negative impacts on riverine ecology. The main aim of this study is to synergistically optimize the objectives of increasing hydropower generation and alleviating hydrological regime alteration for cascade reservoirs. This study first proposed a dynamic time warping scenario backward reduction (DTW-SBR) framework to extract streamflow scenarios from the historical streamflow series regarded as benchmarks for calculating deviation degrees of hydrological regimes. Then a multi-objective long-term operation model considering the hydrological regime and hydroelectricity was formed for minimizing the deviation degrees of hydrological regimes at the downstream section (O1) and maximizing the hydropower generation of cascade reservoirs (O2). The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) combined with the long-term conventional operation (CO) rules of cascade reservoirs was adopted to produce the Pareto-front solutions to derive the recommended policies for guiding the long-term operation of cascade reservoirs. The six large reservoirs in the middle reaches of the Jinsha River, China with a 10-day runoff dataset spanning from 1953 to 2015 constitute a case study. The results showed that nine streamflow scenarios were extracted for calculating the O1 by the DTW-SBR framework, which could reflect the intra- and inter- annual variability of hydrological regimes at the Panzhihua hydrological station. The Pareto-front solutions obtained by the NSGA-II revealed competitive relationships between the O1 and O2. As compared to the long-term CO rules of cascade reservoirs, the O1 value could be reduced by up to 42,312 (corresponding rate of 10.51%) and the O2 value could be improved by up to 1752 × 108 kW·h (corresponding rate of 5.14%). Based on the inclination to be dominated by different objectives, three typical operation schemes, A, B and C, were chosen from the Pareto-front solutions; Scheme A could be considered as the recommended solution, which simultaneously reduced the O1 value by 23,965 with the rate of 5.95% and increased the O2 value by 1752 × 108 kW·h with the rate of 5.14%, as compared to the long-term CO rules. This study can provide references on boosting the synergies of hydropower production and hydrological regime restoration for the long-term ecological operation of cascade reservoirs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering: Modelling, Performances, Optimization Application and Environmental Effects)
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19 pages, 5495 KiB  
Article
Statistical Analysis and Scenario Modeling of Non-Stationary Runoff Change in the Loess Plateau: A Novel Application of the Generalized Additive Model in Location, Scale and Shape
by Shuqi Zhang, Tong Zhi, Hongbo Zhang, Chiheng Dang, Congcong Yao, Dengrui Mu, Fengguang Lyu, Yu Zhang and Shangdong Liu
Water 2024, 16(7), 986; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16070986 - 28 Mar 2024
Viewed by 875
Abstract
The hydrological series in the Loess Plateau region has exhibited shifts in trend, mean, and/or variance as the environmental conditions have changed, indicating a departure from the assumption of stationarity. As the variations accumulate, the compound effects caused by the driving variables on [...] Read more.
The hydrological series in the Loess Plateau region has exhibited shifts in trend, mean, and/or variance as the environmental conditions have changed, indicating a departure from the assumption of stationarity. As the variations accumulate, the compound effects caused by the driving variables on runoff variations grow complex and interactive, posing a substantial risk to water security and the promotion of high-quality development in regions or river basins. This study focuses on the Tuwei River Basin in the Loess Plateau, which experiences significant changes in vegetation coverage and minimal human disturbance, and examines the cross-driving relationship between the runoff change and its driving variables (including hydrometeorological and environmental variables). A quantitative statistical analysis method based on the GAMLSS is then developed to estimate the interacting effects of changes in the driving variables and their contribution to runoff changes. Finally, various anticipated scenarios are used to simulate the changes in driving variables and runoff disturbances. The findings indicate the following: (1) The developed GU, LO, and NO distribution-based GAMLSSs provide a notable advantage in effectively capturing the variations in groundwater storage variables, actual evapotranspiration, and underlying surface parameters, as well as accurately estimating the impacts of other relevant variables. (2) The precipitation and groundwater storage variables showed predominantly positive contributions to the runoff change, but actual evapotranspiration had an adverse effect. The changes in underlying surface parameters, particularly since 2000, increase actual evapotranspiration, while decreasing groundwater storage, resulting in a progressive decrease in runoff as their contribution grows. (3) The scenario simulation results reveal that alterations to the underlying surface have a substantial influence on the evolution of runoff in the Tuwei River Basin. Additionally, there are cross-effects between the impact of various driving variables on runoff, potentially compounding the complexity of inconsistent changes in runoff sequences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering: Modelling, Performances, Optimization Application and Environmental Effects)
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18 pages, 3706 KiB  
Article
Multi-Scheme Optimal Operation of Pumped Storage Wind–Solar–Thermal Generation System Based on Tolerable Energy Abandonment
by Hao Zhang, Shuai Wu, Huanhuan Li, Jie Zhang, Chao Zhu, Hekuan Zhou and Yaofei Jia
Water 2024, 16(4), 576; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16040576 - 15 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1077
Abstract
In multi-energy complementary power generation systems, the complete consumption of wind and photovoltaic resources often requires more costs, and tolerable energy abandonment can bring about the more reasonable optimization of operation schemes. This paper presents a scheduling model for a combined power generation [...] Read more.
In multi-energy complementary power generation systems, the complete consumption of wind and photovoltaic resources often requires more costs, and tolerable energy abandonment can bring about the more reasonable optimization of operation schemes. This paper presents a scheduling model for a combined power generation system that incorporates pumped storage, wind, solar, and fire energy sources. Through a comparison of schemes, the energy regulation function of the pumped storage power station was verified and analyzed. The CPLEX solver and MOPSO algorithm were employed to solve the daily output of a pumped storage power station in the Gansu region under various scenarios. The incorporation of pumped storage power plants has the potential to provide many benefits, including a reduction in operating expenses by about CNY 1.1163 million, a decrease in carbon emissions by 491.24 t, an enhancement in the stability of thermal power by 2.39%, and an improvement in the combined system capability to absorb additional energy. The correlation between the indicators of the combined system and the penetration rate of renewable energy is non-linearly influenced by changes in the power capacity configuration. Ultimately, the multi-objective optimization computation yields the ideal operational scheme for each power source, taking into account a tolerable energy abandonment mode. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering: Modelling, Performances, Optimization Application and Environmental Effects)
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19 pages, 3473 KiB  
Article
Operational Characteristics Assessment of a Wind–Solar–Hydro Hybrid Power System with Regulating Hydropower
by Yulong Li, Zhoubo Tong, Jingjing Zhang, Dong Liu, Xuhui Yue and Md Apel Mahmud
Water 2023, 15(23), 4051; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15234051 - 22 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1184
Abstract
Renewable energy generation technology, as an alternative to traditional coal-fired power generation, is receiving increasing attention. However, the intermittent characteristics of wind and solar energy pose certain challenges to the stable operation of power grids. This requires a better understanding of the operational [...] Read more.
Renewable energy generation technology, as an alternative to traditional coal-fired power generation, is receiving increasing attention. However, the intermittent characteristics of wind and solar energy pose certain challenges to the stable operation of power grids. This requires a better understanding of the operational characteristics of renewable energy to improve the comprehensive efficiency. To achieve this, firstly, four indicators (i.e., average fluctuation magnitude, Richards–Baker flashiness, average climbing rate, and change in the time-averaged value) within a single-evaluation-indicator framework are proposed to quantitatively evaluate the fluctuation characteristics of wind, solar, and hydropower and a wind–solar–hydro hybrid power system. Secondly, a comprehensive evaluation indicator is developed by scientifically assigning and recombining the four indicators using entropy weight theory. Furthermore, the comprehensive evaluation index is applied to the wind–solar–hydro hybrid power system to determine the operational characteristics of subsystems and a complementary system at different time scales. Finally, the load tracking coefficient and coupling degree are used to quantify the complementarity degree of the hybrid power system. It is found that the fluctuation degree of the hybrid power system is smaller than that of the individual power system. Meanwhile, both fluctuation and complementary characteristics are strengthened with the increase in time scale. The proposed methods and results shift the volatility from an abstract concept to concrete representation, providing a new perspective and reference for evaluating the operational characteristics of the hybrid power system to achieve power system planning and scheduling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering: Modelling, Performances, Optimization Application and Environmental Effects)
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