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Advanced Research in Civil, Hydraulic, and Ocean Engineering

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Oceans and Coastal Zones".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2024) | Viewed by 11181

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Chia-Ming Fan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Harbor & River Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
Interests: fluid mechanics; modeling and simulation; computational fluid dynamics; numerical simulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Ruey-Syan Shih

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Harbor & River Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
Interests: wave attenuation structure; numerical wave flume and wave flow field simulation; PIV technique on wave–structure interactions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the recent rapid development of methods for theoretical analysis, numerical modeling, experimental design, field testing, etc., various cutting-edge problems in civil engineering, hydraulic engineering, and ocean engineering have been successfully analyzed and resolved. Thus, this Special Issue sincerely invites authors to submit their quality research papers, which include outstanding outcomes of theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies of engineering applications.

This Special Issue invites authors to submit their original research papers or review papers covering the latest findings and progress in the related field.  Since it is obvious that in recent years many problems induced by climate change strictly threaten human society and living conditions, we are keen to receive submissions in the fields of (1) prevention and mitigation of natural disasters (flooding, drought, earthquake, landslide, tsunami, coastal erosion, etc.), (2) developments and improvements of green energy (wave energy, offshore wind energy, tidal energy, current energy, solar energy, underground thermal energy, hydroelectric power, etc.), and (3) utilizations and applications of smart technology (artificial intelligence and machine learning, geographic information systems, building information modeling, computational mechanics, computer simulation, etc.). In addition, contributions related to the broad fields of civil, hydraulic, and ocean engineering are also highly welcomed.

Prof. Dr. Chia-Ming Fan
Prof. Dr. Ruey-Syan Shih
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • civil engineering
  • hydraulic engineering
  • ocean engineering
  • theoretical analysis
  • numerical modelling
  • experimental study
  • field testing

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 7930 KiB  
Article
An Improved One-Line Evolution Formulation for the Dynamic Shoreline Planforms of Embayed Beaches
by Hung-Cheng Tao, Tai-Wen Hsu and Chia-Ming Fan
Water 2024, 16(5), 774; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16050774 - 5 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1176
Abstract
In this paper, an improved one-line evolution formulation is proposed and derived for the dynamic shoreline planforms of embayed beaches. Although embayed sandy beaches can perform several functions, serving as leisure spots and areas of coastal protection, shoreline advances and retreats occur continuously [...] Read more.
In this paper, an improved one-line evolution formulation is proposed and derived for the dynamic shoreline planforms of embayed beaches. Although embayed sandy beaches can perform several functions, serving as leisure spots and areas of coastal protection, shoreline advances and retreats occur continuously as a result of many natural forces, such as winds, waves, currents, tides, etc. The one-line evolution formulation for dynamic shoreline planforms based on the polar coordinate can be adopted to simulate high-planform-curvature shorelines and achieve better stability and simplicity in comparison with other description coordinates. While the polar coordinate and rectangular control volume are adopted to derive the one-line evolution formulation for dynamic shoreline planforms, the difference between the radial direction of the polar coordinate and the normal direction of the shoreline segment may result in inaccurate predictions of shoreline movements. In this study, a correction coefficient, which can adjust the influence of these two misaligned directions, is derived and included in the one-line evolution formulation, which is based on the polar coordinate. Thus, by considering the correction coefficient, an improved one-line evolution formulation for dynamic shoreline planforms of crenulate-shaped bays is proposed in this paper. Some numerical examples are provided to verify the merits of the proposed improved one-line evolution formulation. Moreover, the proposed numerical approach is applied to simulate the dynamic movements of the shoreline in Taitung—the southeastern part of Taiwan—and the effectiveness of the proposed formulation in solving realistic engineering applications is evidently verified. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Civil, Hydraulic, and Ocean Engineering)
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25 pages, 5593 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study of Wave Overtopping Flow Behavior on Composite Breakwater
by Made Narayana Adibhusana, Jong-In Lee and Yonguk Ryu
Water 2023, 15(24), 4239; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15244239 - 10 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1681
Abstract
The safety of pedestrians on a breakwater structure or seawall is significantly influenced by two essential factors: the wave overtopping flow velocity (OFV) and the overtopping layer thickness (OLT). The main issue, however, is that most studies have predominantly focused on impermeable structures [...] Read more.
The safety of pedestrians on a breakwater structure or seawall is significantly influenced by two essential factors: the wave overtopping flow velocity (OFV) and the overtopping layer thickness (OLT). The main issue, however, is that most studies have predominantly focused on impermeable structures rather than composite breakwaters. This study conducted 55 physical experiments to investigate the OFV and OLT on a composite breakwater. The non-intrusive bubble image velocimetry (BIV) technique was employed to measure the OFV and OLT, as well as the plunging distance on the rear side of the structure. Empirical equations with two sets of dimensionless variables, the wave steepness and relative crest freeboard, were proposed as predictors. The results show that these two dimensionless variables perform well for both OFV and OLT estimation. The comparison between the proposed empirical equation and the available empirical equation in the literature is also presented. Finally, the proposed empirical equations were used to estimate the maximum instantaneous wave overtopping discharge and plunging distance. The findings of this research offer insights into the physical mechanisms of wave overtopping, providing an initial exploration into the design of composite breakwaters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Civil, Hydraulic, and Ocean Engineering)
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19 pages, 4441 KiB  
Article
Research on Threshold Selection Method in Wave Extreme Value Analysis
by Huashuai Liu, Fan Yang and Hongchuan Wang
Water 2023, 15(20), 3648; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15203648 - 18 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2162
Abstract
Climate change poses higher requirements on ocean engineering design, and reasonable estimation of design wave heights plays a crucial role in coastal protection and offshore engineering. Extreme value analysis is widely used in frequency calculations of wave parameters, among which the peak over [...] Read more.
Climate change poses higher requirements on ocean engineering design, and reasonable estimation of design wave heights plays a crucial role in coastal protection and offshore engineering. Extreme value analysis is widely used in frequency calculations of wave parameters, among which the peak over threshold method based on the generalized Pareto distribution is proven to be an effective method, and the different selection of extreme wave samples in this method has a great influence on the calculation results. In this study, long-term significant wave height series were utilized to investigate the long-range correlation of significant wave heights, and thresholds were determined based on the changes of long-range correlations. This approach assumes that extreme events and non-extreme events are generally caused by different physical processes, where extreme events result from massive disturbances leading to abnormal states, and long-range correlations are not affected or minimally affected by extreme events. Thus, thresholds can be determined based on changes of long-range correlations by removing extreme events. Comparing this method to graphical diagnostic techniques, we demonstrated its rationality in determining extreme wave height thresholds. Moreover, the automatic threshold selection offered by this method helps to mitigate errors associated with subjective judgments in traditional approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Civil, Hydraulic, and Ocean Engineering)
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18 pages, 4111 KiB  
Article
Study on the Application of Typhoon Experience Parameter Analysis in Taiwan’s Offshore Wind Farms
by Hui-Ming Fang, Hao-Teng Hsu and Hsing-Yu Wang
Water 2023, 15(14), 2575; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15142575 - 14 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1817
Abstract
Due to the rapid development of computers, researchers have made efforts since the 1990s to develop typhoon forecasting models and stochastic typhoon simulation models to assess typhoon disasters and risks. Typhoon forecasting models are primarily used to predict and track the movement of [...] Read more.
Due to the rapid development of computers, researchers have made efforts since the 1990s to develop typhoon forecasting models and stochastic typhoon simulation models to assess typhoon disasters and risks. Typhoon forecasting models are primarily used to predict and track the movement of typhoons and provide warning information to the general public before landfall. Stochastic typhoon simulation models can assess extreme wind speeds and compensate for the limitations of current observations and simulation data length. Taiwan experiences approximately three to four typhoons yearly, of varying intensities and paths. Whether the marine meteorological data includes events of strong typhoon centers passing through will affect the results of frequency analysis. The development of offshore wind power in Taiwan is closely related to the unique marine meteorological conditions throughout the lifecycle stages, including wind farm site selection, feasibility studies, planning and design, construction and installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning. This study references relevant research and analyzes sixty-three scenarios using nine types of maximum storm wind speed radii and seven Holland-B parameters. The data from Japan Meteorological Agency Best Track Data (JMA BTD) is utilized, explicitly selecting 20 typhoon events after 2000 for wind speed simulation using a typhoon wind speed model. After validating the typhoon wind speeds with observation data from the Central Weather Bureau (CWB) in Hsinchu and the Longdong buoy, the technique of Monte Carlo simulation is utilized to generate synthetic typhoons randomly. The average of the relative absolute errors for the simulated maximum wind speeds is calculated, and through comprehensive evaluation, optimal parameter combinations (Rm, B) are obtained. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Civil, Hydraulic, and Ocean Engineering)
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20 pages, 9495 KiB  
Article
Analysis and Exploration of the Impact of Average Sea Level Change on Navigational Safety in Ports
by Tsai-Hsin Chang and Hsing-Yu Wang
Water 2023, 15(14), 2570; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15142570 - 13 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1823
Abstract
The primary clientele of a harbor is vessels, and vessels are primarily influenced by external forces such as wind (on the water surface), currents (underwater), and waves (affecting vessel stability). Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider safety factors such as marine environmental [...] Read more.
The primary clientele of a harbor is vessels, and vessels are primarily influenced by external forces such as wind (on the water surface), currents (underwater), and waves (affecting vessel stability). Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider safety factors such as marine environmental forces and port characteristics. As ship sailing falls under applied science, acquiring marine meteorological information regarding ship routes can enhance port navigational safety. However, in the face of changes in the environmental conditions of harbor waters, it is essential to fully consider the impact of the external environment on ship maneuvering. One can effectively navigate complex operating environments by devising reasonable ship-handling plans. In the context of sea level rise caused by extreme climatic events, long-term variations, trends, and random factors are at play. Previous assessments of sea level rise have often relied on linear regression and the least squares method to determine coefficients. However, these methods fail to accurately capture the actual trend of sea level rise. Additionally, traditional harmonic analysis methods are unable to analyze sea level rise as well. Therefore, in this study, the techniques of simple moving average (SMA), empirical mode decomposition (EMD), and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) were applied to analyze sea level rise. The obtained results of sea level rise under different analysis conditions were integrated with a hydrodynamic model that incorporates both wave and tidal characteristics to calculate the overall coastal dynamics parameters, which are crucial for ship navigation. The research findings contribute to the study of ship navigational safety issues by examining the distribution characteristics of port meteorology under climate change conditions. They offer valuable insights for mariners to assess navigational safety and devise maneuvering strategies based on the actual water flow conditions. Furthermore, the findings help identify and address potential risks and issues, ultimately ensuring the safety of navigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Civil, Hydraulic, and Ocean Engineering)
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21 pages, 18799 KiB  
Article
Directing Shallow-Water Waves Using Fixed Varying Bathymetry Designed by Recurrent Neural Networks
by Shanran Tang, Yiqin Yang and Liangsheng Zhu
Water 2023, 15(13), 2414; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15132414 - 29 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1713
Abstract
Directing shallow-water waves and their energy is highly desired in many ocean engineering applications. Coastal infrastructures can be protected by reflecting shallow-water waves to deep water. Wave energy harvesting efficiency can be improved by focusing shallow-water waves on wave energy converters. Changing water [...] Read more.
Directing shallow-water waves and their energy is highly desired in many ocean engineering applications. Coastal infrastructures can be protected by reflecting shallow-water waves to deep water. Wave energy harvesting efficiency can be improved by focusing shallow-water waves on wave energy converters. Changing water depth can effectively affect wave celerity and therefore the propagation of shallow-water waves. However, determining spatially varying bathymetry that can direct shallow-water waves to a designed location is not trivial. In this paper, we propose a novel machine learning method to design and optimize spatially varying bathymetry for directing shallow-water waves, in which the bathymetry is assumed fixed in time without considering morphodynamics. Shallow-water wave theory was applied to establish the mapping between water wave mechanics and recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Two wave-equivalent RNNs were developed to model shallow-water waves over fixed varying bathymetry. The resulting RNNs were trained to optimize bathymetry for wave energy focusing. We demonstrate that the bathymetry optimized by the wave-equivalent RNNs can effectively reflect and refract wave energy to various designed locations. We also foresee the potential that new engineering tools can be similarly developed based on the mathematical equivalence between wave mechanics and recurrent neural networks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Civil, Hydraulic, and Ocean Engineering)
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