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Water
Special Issues
Advanced Technologies for Water/Wastewater Treatment: Research Progress, Challenges, and Prospects
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Advanced Technologies for Water/Wastewater Treatment: Research Progress, Challenges, and Prospects

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 August 2023) | Viewed by 9317

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Murtaza Sayed

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Radiation Chemistry Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
Interests: catalysis; photocatalysis; electrocatalysis; advanced oxidation/reduction processes; zerovalent metals
Dr. Noor Samad Shah

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
Interests: degradation; homogenous catalysis; photocatalysis; radiation chemistry; environmental sciences; contaminants of emerging concern
Dr. Faiza Rehman

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
Interests: degradation; dyes; pharmaceuticals; homogenous photocatalysis; photoelectrocatalysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to rapid industrialization, the quality of water has declined drastically. In this regard, researchers around the globe are attempting to improve the existing technology for water/wastewater treatment in addition to ensuring that water is available for re-use toward meeting the problem of water scarcity encountered in the majority of developing countries. The problems of water contamination have been somewhat addressed using traditional wastewater treatment (WWT) techniques; however, in the case of some persistent contaminants, these traditional WWT methods may not be efficient and thus require improvement. Recently, advanced oxidation/reduction processes have been employed to eliminate/ degrade such persistent contaminants (pesticides, pharmaceuticals, dyes, sunscreen agents, etc.).

The current issue is designed to specifically focus on these advanced technologies for water/wastewater treatment, recent progress, current challenges, and future perspectives. The key technologies that define the scope of this issue include but are not limited to:

  • Advanced reduction technologies
  • CO2 electrocatalytic reduction
  • Heterogenous photocatalysis
  • Homogenous photocatalysis
  • Gamma irradiation process
  • Electrocatalysis
  • Photoelectrocatalysis
  • Membrane technologies
  • Synthetic polymers for effective adsorption/catalysis

Dr. Murtaza Sayed
Dr. Noor Samad Shah
Dr. Faiza Rehman
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 12693 KiB  
Article
Utilization of Multivariate Optimization for Preconcentration and Determination of Lead in Different Water and Food Samples Using Functionalized Activated Carbon
by Tabinda Ahmad, Faheem Shah, Rafaqat Ali Khan and Amel Y. Ahmed
Water 2023, 15(21), 3750; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15213750 - 27 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1108
Abstract
In this study, apricot-pit-based activated carbon was functionalized and used as a sorbent for the preconcentration of lead (Pb2+) in different water and food samples. The activated sorbent was modified with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to enhance its selectivity for the efficient [...] Read more.
In this study, apricot-pit-based activated carbon was functionalized and used as a sorbent for the preconcentration of lead (Pb2+) in different water and food samples. The activated sorbent was modified with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to enhance its selectivity for the efficient removal of Pb2+ ions. The modified activated sorbent was characterized using FTIR, an SEM, BET, and TGA. The column adsorption method was used to study the adsorption capacity of synthesized and modified activated carbon and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. A multivariate procedure, i.e., Plackett–Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD), was studied for optimizing the adsorption process, which allows the optimization of multiple variables at the same time. An interference study was conducted to ascertain the selectivity of the developed method. The developed method was validated by assessing certified reference materials and additional standards for Pb2+ detection in real samples. To assess the precision of the proposed procedure, repeatability (RSDr) and reproducibility (RSDR) were calculated, which were determined to be <3.0 (n = 7) and <7.5 (n = 15), respectively. The obtained results revealed that the modified AC is a suitable and efficient sorbent for the preconcentration of Pb2+ in real water and food samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Water/Wastewater Treatment: Research Progress, Challenges, and Prospects)
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16 pages, 6498 KiB  
Article
Removal of Disperse Yellow-42 Dye by Catalytic Ozonation Using Iron and Manganese-Loaded Zeolites
by Zarafshan Ali, Amir Ikhlaq, Umair Yaqub Qazi, Asia Akram, Iftikhar Ul-Hasan, Amira Alazmi, Fei Qi and Rahat Javaid
Water 2023, 15(17), 3097; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15173097 - 29 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1142
Abstract
In this research, the efficiency of the catalytic activity of iron and manganese-loaded (bimetallic) sodium zeolite was investigated for the ozonation-based removal of disperse yellow 42 dye. The impregnation method was used to deposit Fe and Mn on the surface of sodium zeolite. [...] Read more.
In this research, the efficiency of the catalytic activity of iron and manganese-loaded (bimetallic) sodium zeolite was investigated for the ozonation-based removal of disperse yellow 42 dye. The impregnation method was used to deposit Fe and Mn on the surface of sodium zeolite. The morphological analysis of sodium zeolite before and after Fe and Mn deposition was conducted by SEM, EDX, and FTIR. It was found that several variables, including the ozone dose, contact time, pH, catalyst dose, and hydroxyl radical scavenger action, greatly influenced the efficiency of dye removal. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal by catalytic ozonation using Fe and Mn-loaded sodium zeolite from real dye textile wastewater was also investigated. After 30 min of treatment with catalytic ozonation at pH 6, the maximum 73% removal of disperse yellow 42 dye was achieved with a catalyst dose of 0.5 g and an ozone dose supply of 1.8 mg/min. In catalytic ozonation with the hydroxyl radical scavenger effect (HRSE), the decline in removal efficiency from 73% to 61% demonstrated that removal efficiency was highly dependent on hydroxyl radical production. The COD removal efficiency in the real textile wastewater was 59% with the ozonation process, which increased to 79% after catalytic ozonation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Water/Wastewater Treatment: Research Progress, Challenges, and Prospects)
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17 pages, 4869 KiB  
Article
Tuning the Optical Properties of ZnO by Co and Gd Doping for Water Pollutant Elimination
by Kashif Safeen, Akif Safeen, Danish Arif, Wiqar H. Shah, Akhtar Ali, Ghafar Ali, Fayaz Hussain, Naveed Imran, Atta Ullah Shah, Abed Alataway, Ahmed Z. Dewidar, Hosam O. Elansary, Mohamed Al-Yafrsi and Khawaja Shafique Ahmad
Water 2023, 15(8), 1470; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15081470 - 9 Apr 2023
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2839
Abstract
In the present study, pure, Co, Gd, and Co/Gd di-doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized via the co-precipitation synthesis route. The prepared samples were characterized through different techniques such as the X-ray diffraction method (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL)spectroscopy, and [...] Read more.
In the present study, pure, Co, Gd, and Co/Gd di-doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized via the co-precipitation synthesis route. The prepared samples were characterized through different techniques such as the X-ray diffraction method (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL)spectroscopy, and an impedance analyzer and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The XRD pattern shows ZnO’s wurtzite hexagonal crystal structure; moreover, the shifting of characteristic peaks toward the lower angle indicates the inclusion of Co and Co/Gd in the ZnO host lattice. SEM micrographs show various morphologies such as rods, the agglomeration of particles, and spherical nanoparticles. The UV-Vis spectroscopy reveals that the absorption increased in the visible region and there was a substantial redshift for the doped samples. The bandgap decreased from 3.34 to 3.18 eV for the doped samples. The PL spectra show near-edge and inter-band transitions; the origin of inter-band transitions is attributed to the defect states present within the bands. The dielectric constant is strongly frequency dependent and decreases with Co and Co/Gd doping, while the electrical conductivity increases. A VSM study indicates that pure ZnO is diamagnetic, while the Co and Co/Gd doped ZnO nanoparticles showed ferromagnetic behavior. Under UV-visible light irradiation, the Co/Gd-ZnO nanoparticles showed higher photocatalytic activity than the ZnO nanoparticles. The enhanced photocatalytic activity may be attributed to a decreased bandgap with doping. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Water/Wastewater Treatment: Research Progress, Challenges, and Prospects)
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Review

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21 pages, 763 KiB  
Review
Preparation of Ceramic Membranes and Their Application in Wastewater and Water Treatment
by Yibo Zhang, Yuqi Tan, Ronglin Sun and Wenjie Zhang
Water 2023, 15(19), 3344; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15193344 - 23 Sep 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3424
Abstract
Ceramic membranes have become one of the most rapidly developing and promising membrane materials owing to their excellent properties. Compared with other membrane materials, ceramic membranes are widely used in the wastewater and water treatment fields owing to their advantages, including higher chemical [...] Read more.
Ceramic membranes have become one of the most rapidly developing and promising membrane materials owing to their excellent properties. Compared with other membrane materials, ceramic membranes are widely used in the wastewater and water treatment fields owing to their advantages, including higher chemical stability, stronger mechanical strength, longer service life, and better water filtration performance. In this paper, the sources of raw materials and their preparation for the production of ceramic membranes are briefly introduced. The methods for preparing ceramic membranes are described in detail, including the role of ceramic membranes in water treatment applications, the preparation methods of the membranes, and the latest progress in this area, along with a review of the applications of ceramic membranes in wastewater and water treatment. Simultaneously, this study also evaluates which preparation method is the most advantageous and the aspects of its advantages. The raw materials used in the ceramic membrane preparation and the types of water treatment suitable for this method were studied. The results showed that the phase-conversion sintering technique has multiple advantages, and the generated asymmetric structure with finger- and sponge-like voids can further improve the flux and separation abilities, which are attractive for scientific researchers. Finally, the development trends in the inorganic ceramic membrane market were surveyed. This work can help beginners understand the preparation procedures employed to produce ceramic membranes for water treatment; compare the porosity, mechanical strength, permeation flux, and chemical and thermal stability of the resulting membranes; and reasonably select the appropriate preparation method for the relevant water treatment type. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Water/Wastewater Treatment: Research Progress, Challenges, and Prospects)
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