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Angelica sinensis radix (AS), the dried root of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, is widely used in Chinese medicine and food products. However, after conducting market research, at least a quarter of AS on the market is commonly adulterated by Levisticum officinale W. D. J. Koch (LO), Angelica acutiloba (Sieb. et Zucc.) Kitagawa (AA), and Angelica gigas Nakai (AG), to varying degrees, which significantly affects its clinical efficacy and food safety. Therefore, there is a pressing need to establish safe and reliable methods for identifying illicit adulteration. In this study, the mass spectrometry (MS) information of AS, LO, AA, and AG was collected and converted into the data matrix for [t_R-m/z-I]. The top-n proprietary ions of AS, AG, AA, and LO were output as their molecular “matrix characteristics”. Test samples were also analyzed, transformed into data matrices, and their own matrix characteristics were matched sequentially. For matching credibility (MC) results, a significant difference was found between the MC of the four herbs compared to their own matrix characteristics, as well as between the MC of the four herbs compared with their non-self matrix characteristics. Research results showed that based on matrix characteristics, AS and its adulterations can be identified with a matching credibility (MC) ≥ 78.0%; 3% adulterations can also be identified, and two market-blind samples were identified as exhibiting adulterations. In addition, chemometrics analysis demonstrated that adulteration identification based on matrix characteristics is reasonable and reliable. The matrix characteristics of AS and its adulterants contribute to adulteration analysis. The identification method, based on matrix characteristics, is safe and reliable which is conducive to AS’s quality control and market supervision. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Food Analytical Methods)

16 pages, 12441 KB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Air Pressure on the Microstructure, Phase Composition, and Tribomechanical Performance of Thin ZrCN Coatings Deposited via HVOF Spraying

by Sherzod Kurbanbekov, Zhamila Suierkulova, Gaukhar Omashova, Berik Kaldar, Alisher Temirbekov, Sardor Kambarbekov, Nurdaulet Shektibayev and Dilnoza Baltabayeva

Crystals 2025, 15(9), 762; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15090762 (registering DOI) - 27 Aug 2025

Abstract

The development of thin, wear-resistant coatings is a relevant area in the field of surface engineering, especially given the increasing demand for resource efficiency and reliability of machine elements. In this study, we investigate the structural and phase composition, tribological characteristics, and physical and mechanical properties of zirconium carbonitride (ZrCN) coatings deposited by high-velocity oxygen-fuel spraying (HVOF) on U8G carbon steel substrates. Particular attention is paid to the influence of spraying parameters, in particular air pressure, on the formation of coatings and their performance properties. X-ray phase analysis methods revealed the formation of Zr₂CN, ZrC, ZrN, ZrO₂, and Fe₃O₄ phases, with the dominance of the cubic phase ZrN(C) with a lattice parameter of a = 4.6360 Å. Tribological tests have shown that at an air pressure of 0.38 MPa, the minimum friction coefficient is achieved, presumably due to the formation of an amorphous CN_x phase with a self-lubricating effect. The wear mechanism is predominantly abrasive in nature; the width of wear tracks is 329–759 μm. The coatings demonstrate a significant increase in microhardness—up to 1512–1857 HV, which is 4–4.5 times higher than the substrate. The results of adhesion tests carried out in accordance with ASTM D4541-22 showed a maximum adhesion strength of 14.56 MPa. The results obtained confirm the high efficiency of thin ZrCN coatings obtained by the HVOF method as a promising solution for protecting metal surfaces subject to intense wear in tribological systems. Full article

12 pages, 730 KB

Open AccessArticle

Salivary Flow, Tongue-Coating Burden, and Morning Breath Odor: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Malina Popa, Stefania Dinu, Magda Mihaela Luca, Bogdan Andrei Bumbu and Serban Talpos

J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(17), 6072; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14176072 (registering DOI) - 27 Aug 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Morning halitosis undermines social well-being, yet the combined influence of basal salivary flow and tongue coating in healthy adults is unclear. Methods: In a cross-sectional study of 92 university students (18–35 years), we measured unstimulated salivary flow rate (uSFR), tongue-coating index (TCI), total volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs; Halimeter^®), organoleptic score (0–5), and self-perceived halitosis (yes/no) under standardized early-morning conditions. Results: Thirty-seven participants (40.2%) reported morning halitosis and showed lower uSFR (0.2 ± 0.1 vs. 0.3 ± 0.1 mL·min⁻¹) and higher TCI (2.3 ± 0.5 vs. 1.9 ± 0.4), with higher organoleptic scores (3.4 ± 0.6 vs. 2.1 ± 0.7) and VSCs (272.9 ± 39.8 vs. 163.7 ± 45.9 ppb; all p < 0.001). VSCs correlated inversely with uSFR (ρ = −0.58) and positively with TCI (ρ = 0.44). In multivariable models, uSFR (β = −0.53) and TCI (β = 0.31) explained 54% of VSC variance; each 0.1 mL·min⁻¹ fall in uSFR increased the odds of self-perceived halitosis 1.9-fold (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Even among healthy young adults, lower basal saliva and heavier tongue coating are independent contributors to morning malodor. Hydration, daily tongue cleaning, and addressing mouth breathing are pragmatic, first-line strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Clinical Pediatrics)

15 pages, 1040 KB

Open AccessArticle

Fully DC Aggregation Topology with Power Self-Balancing Capacitors for Offshore Wind Power Transmission: Simulation Study

by Huan Li, Qingming Xin, Ruoqing Hong and Qingmin Li

Electronics 2025, 14(17), 3422; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14173422 (registering DOI) - 27 Aug 2025

Abstract

This paper focuses on the Input-Independent Output-Series (IIOS) DC converters within fully DC aggregation systems, which enable independent submodule control and high voltage gain. DC aggregation systems experience output voltage imbalance among submodules due to offshore wind power fluctuations. The proposed isolated DC/DC converter topology incorporates power-balancing capacitors, leveraging intrinsic characteristics to achieve self-power balancing within the system. In addition, this paper proposes an innovative PFMT-PSMN hybrid control strategy that is well-suited for the proposed topology. Firstly, this study performs a time-domain analysis of the intrinsically power-balanced DC series-connected aggregation topology and elucidates the corresponding power-balancing principle. Secondly, based on soft-switching boundary conditions, a hybrid control strategy, PFMT-PSMN, adjusts phase-shift duty cycles to maintain soft-switching conditions while minimizing the system operating frequency. Finally, MATLAB/Simulink simulations validate the power-balancing capability of the intrinsically balanced DC series-connected aggregation system and the effectiveness of the proposed PFMT-PSMN control strategy. Full article

25 pages, 677 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Different Types of Social Resources on Coping Self-Efficacy and Distress During Australia’s Black Summer Bushfires

by Greta Amorsen, Jacki Schirmer, Mel R Mylek, Theo Niyonsenga, Douglas Paton, Petra Buergelt and Kimberly Brown

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(9), 1341; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22091341 - 27 Aug 2025

Abstract

While social resources are known to promote positive psychological outcomes after disasters, little is known about the unique influence of different social resources on distress and coping during a disaster. This study examined the association between five social resources: sense of belonging, bushfire reciprocal support, emotional support, practical support and loneliness, and two psychological outcomes, distress and coping self-efficacy, during Australia’s 2019–2020 Black Summer bushfires. Survey data collected from 2611 bushfire-affected Australians in late 2020 was analysed using regression modelling. Higher perceived emotional and practical support and lower levels of loneliness predicted increased coping self-efficacy, and higher sense of belonging and lower loneliness predicted reduced distress. However, higher emotional and reciprocal support predicted higher distress after accounting for coping self-efficacy. The findings suggest having higher access to some social resources may not directly reduce distress but may reduce distress indirectly through increasing coping self-efficacy. While access to social resources, particularly bonding social capital, is likely important for supporting psychological response during disasters, the findings suggest this may be dependent on the perceived quantity, quality and expectations of these social resources. The findings indicate that different social resources interact with disaster-related psychological outcomes in distinct, complex and sometimes non-linear ways. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychosocial Well-Being and Stress Related to Environmental Disaster and Climate Change)

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13 pages, 2464 KB

Open AccessArticle

Fabrication and Characterization of Ce-Doped LiCaAlF₆–CaF₂–Li₃AlF₆ and CaF₂–LiF–Li₃AlF₆ Scintillators for Thermal Neutron Detection

by Tomoaki Matsuyama, Kei Kamada, Naveenkarthik Murugesan, Masao Yoshino, Rikito Murakami, Akihito Yamaji, Hiroki Sato, Kyoung-Jin Kim, Satoshi Ishizawa, Shunsuke Kurosawa, Takashi Hanada, Yuui Yokota and Akira Yoshikawa

Crystals 2025, 15(9), 761; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15090761 (registering DOI) - 27 Aug 2025

Abstract

In this study, we developed and characterized novel scintillators with Ce: LiCaAlF₆–CaF₂–Li₃AlF₆ and Ce: CaF₂–LiF–Li₃AlF₆ ternary systems for thermal neutron detectors. The eutectics were grown by the vertical Stochbarger-Bridgman (VB) technique, and their constituent phases were identified using powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Radioluminescence spectra irradiated under an Ag-target X-ray tube and confirmed the 5d-4f and self-trapped exciton luminescence derived from Ce³⁺. Scintillation decay and pulse height measurements were performed using ²⁵²Cf and ⁶⁰Co sources. The Ce: CaF₂–LiF–Li₃AlF₆ sample exhibited approximately 5.6 times higher effective neutron sensitivity compared with a Ce: LiCaAlF₆ single crystal. A favorable decrease in the neutron discrimination threshold level (Q_th) due to reduced γ-ray emission was observed. ⁶Li-enriched Ce: CaF-based scintillators hold potential for nuclear decommissioning applications. Full article

20 pages, 2543 KB

Open AccessArticle

Development of Fermentation Strategies for Quality Mild Coffee Production (Coffea arabica L.) Based on Oxygen Availability and Processing Time

by Aida Esther Peñuela-Martínez, Carol Vanessa Osorio-Giraldo, Camila Buitrago-Zuluaga and Rubén Darío Medina-Rivera

Foods 2025, 14(17), 3001; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14173001 (registering DOI) - 27 Aug 2025

Abstract

Fermentation is a crucial stage in the production of washed mild coffees, as it enables the generation of compounds that influence overall quality. The conditions to optimize this process are still unknown. This study evaluated the effects of fermenting coffee fruits and depulped coffee under two conditions: an open tank (semi-anaerobic-SA) and a closed tank (self-induced anaerobic fermentation, SIAF) over 192 h. Samples were taken every 24 h using a sacrificial bioreactor. A randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement (2 × 2 + 1), plus a standard control, was employed, incorporating two factors: coffee type and fermentation condition. High-throughput sequencing of 16S and ITS amplicons identified an average of 260 ± 71 and 101 ± 24 OTUs, respectively. Weisella was the dominant lactic acid bacteria, followed by Leuconostoc and Lactiplantibacillus. Acetic acid bacteria, mainly Acetobacter, were more abundant under semi-anaerobic conditions. The yeast genera most affected by the fermentation condition were Pichia, Issatchenkia, and Wickerhamomyces. Repeated measures analysis revealed significant differences in pH, glucose consumption, lactic acid production, dry matter content, embryo viability, and the percentage of healthy beans. Principal component analysis was used to develop an index that integrates physical, physiological, and sensory quality variables, thereby clarifying the impact of each treatment. Samples from shorter fermentation times and SIAF conditions scored closest to 1.0, reflecting the most favorable outcomes. Otherwise, samples from longer fermentation times in both depulped and coffee fruits scored 0.497 and 0.369, respectively, on the SA condition. These findings support technically and economically beneficial fermentation strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Process Optimization and Quality Improvement of Fermented Foods and Beverages: 2nd Edition)

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16 pages, 13207 KB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Synthesis Conditions on Graphene Directly Grown on SiO₂: Structural Features and Charge Carrier Mobility

by Šarūnas Meškinis, Šarūnas Jankauskas, Lukas Kamarauskas, Andrius Vasiliauskas, Asta Guobienė, Algirdas Lazauskas and Rimantas Gudaitis

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(17), 1315; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15171315 - 27 Aug 2025

Abstract

Graphene was directly grown on SiO₂/Si substrates using microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) to investigate how synthesis-driven variations in structure and doping influence carrier transport. The effects of synthesis temperature, plasma power, deposition time, gas flow, and pressure on graphene’s structure and electronic properties were systematically studied. Raman spectroscopy revealed non-monotonic changes in layer number, defect density, and doping levels, reflecting the complex interplay between growth, etching, and self-doping mechanisms. The surface morphology and conductivity were assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Charge carrier mobility, extracted from graphene-based field-effect transistors, showed strong correlations with Raman features, including the intensity ratios and positions of the 2D and G peaks. Importantly, mobility did not correlate with defect density but was linked to reduced self-doping and a weaker graphene–substrate interaction rather than intrinsic structural disorder. These findings suggest that charge transport in PECVD-grown graphene is predominantly limited by interfacial and doping effects. This study offers valuable insights into the synthesis–structure–property relationship, which is crucial for optimizing graphene for electronic and sensing applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2D Structured Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications (2nd Edition))

12 pages, 4002 KB

Open AccessArticle

Competency in Orthopaedic Surgery: Student Perceptions and Objective Knowledge Assessment

by Maxime Baril, Lilly Groszman, Khalifa Alhojailan and Anthony Albers

Int. Med. Educ. 2025, 4(3), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/ime4030031 (registering DOI) - 27 Aug 2025

Abstract

Identifying knowledge gaps and predictors of performance are proven ways to implement changes to a curriculum. This cross-sectional study investigates the subjective and objective competency of 52 medical students at McGill University in musculoskeletal (MSK) medicine, with a focus on orthopaedic surgery. We surveyed medical students to assess their confidence levels in orthopaedic surgery and their perceptions of its teaching. The students then completed a 25-question orthopaedics-focused exam as an objective assessment of their knowledge. Descriptive statistics were calculated, exam performance was compared across academic years, predictors of exam scores were analyzed, and student self-assessment accuracy was evaluated. Students reported lower confidence in orthopaedic surgery than in many other specialties, exam scores varied significantly across academic years (p = 0.007), and predicted exam performance was the only significant predictor of test score in multiple linear regression (R² = 0.313, p = 0.025). Calibration analysis revealed a substantial miscalibration, where students with higher predicted scores tended to overestimate their performance, while those with lower predictions tended to underestimate themselves (intercept = 27.2, slope = 0.54). A Bland–Altman plot demonstrated wide limits of agreement between predicted and actual scores (mean bias −1.2%, 95% LoA −35.0% to +32.6%). These findings highlight meaningful orthopaedic knowledge gaps and miscalibrated self-assessment, emphasizing the need for targeted, structured educational interventions in the MSK curriculum. Full article

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35 pages, 753 KB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Green Supply Chain Decision-Making Considering Government Subsidies and Service Levels Under Different Dominant-Force Structures

by Haiping Ren, Zhen Luo and Laijun Luo

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 7719; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17177719 (registering DOI) - 27 Aug 2025

Abstract

With the progress of green transformation, government subsidies have become an important incentive for enterprises to invest in green technologies. However, their effectiveness differs markedly under alternative decision-making structures. This study develops a two-tier green supply chain game model comprising manufacturers and e-commerce platform self-operators. Six game structures are examined, covering both scenarios without subsidies and those in which manufacturers receive subsidies. The analysis focuses on product greenness, service levels, retail prices, and the profits of supply chain members. The results show that government subsidies substantially enhance manufacturers’ green investments and motivate platform self-operators to provide higher levels of green services, thereby improving market performance and overall supply chain profitability. Among the different structures, centralized decision-making demonstrates the strongest coordination effect and maximizes the subsidy impact. In contrast, within decentralized structures, subsidies help alleviate double marginalization, but their effectiveness is constrained by the distribution of power. These findings highlight the heterogeneous impacts of subsidies on green supply chain performance, offering theoretical support for targeted government policy design and practical guidance for enterprises to optimize green collaborative strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Supply Chain Management and Green Product Development)

25 pages, 3593 KB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Usability of SCMs Produced by Adding Aluminum and Iron Oxide to Mortar Waste Powder Under Different Conditions

by Osman Hansu and Serkan Etli

Buildings 2025, 15(17), 3067; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15173067 (registering DOI) - 27 Aug 2025

Abstract

The integration of recycled materials into cementitious systems presents a sustainable path to reducing environmental impact in construction. This study investigates the mechanical and durability performance of self-compacting mortars (SCMs) incorporating finely ground mortar waste powder (MWP) as a partial cement substitute, reinforced with aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) and iron oxide (Fe₂O₃). Eleven mixes were designed with MWP replacing cement at 0–50% by volume. Fresh-state tests showed that slump flow decreased moderately (from 259 mm to 240 mm), while V-funnel times improved (from 10.51 s to 7.01 s), indicating acceptable flowability. The optimum performance was observed in SCM2 (5% MWP + oxides), which achieved 75.62 MPa compressive and 13.74 MPa flexural strength at 28 days, outperforming the control mix. Durability under high temperature and freeze–thaw cycling revealed that oxide-reinforced mixes exhibited superior strength retention, with SCM2 maintaining over 87 MPa after 300 °C exposure and minimal degradation after 100 freeze–thaw cycles. Porosity remained low (16.1%) at optimal replacement levels but increased significantly beyond 25% MWP. The results confirm that low-level MWP replacement, when reinforced with reactive oxides, provides a viable strategy for producing durable, high-performance, and eco-efficient SCMs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recycling of Waste in Material Science and Building Engineering)

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17 pages, 11749 KB

Open AccessArticle

Improving the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-0.7Fe-0.4Mg-0.1Si-0.5Er Alloy by Equal Channel Angular Pressing

by Xingchi He, Fuyu Dong and Yue Zhang

Materials 2025, 18(17), 4007; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18174007 (registering DOI) - 27 Aug 2025

Abstract

The ECAP (equal channel angular pressing) technique plays a crucial role in enhancing the overall performance of aluminum alloys. In this study, ECAP was applied to a self-developed micro-alloyed Al-0.7Fe-0.4Mg-0.1Si-0.5Er aluminum alloy to investigate the strengthening effects of varying numbers of passes. The results show that after four ECAP passes, the alloy achieved a high tensile strength (208 MPa), yield strength (175.4 MPa), elongation after fracture (10.8%), and a relatively high electrical conductivity (57.1%IACS). The enhanced strength is primarily attributed to precipitation strengthening (

σ_{p}

), grain refinement strengthening (

σ_{g b s}

), and dislocation strengthening (

σ_{d i s}

). The grain refinement is a result of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) induced by severe plastic deformation. This study demonstrates that ECAP enables a significant improvement in the mechanical properties (82.3%) of the alloy while causing only a marginal reduction (2.9%) in electrical conductivity. These findings provide both technological and theoretical support for the manufacturing of high-performance conductors and other lightweight electrical structural components. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Metals and Alloys)

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23 pages, 2092 KB

Open AccessArticle

Industrial Wastewater Disposal and Its Socio-Environmental Consequences: Evidence from the Uttara Export Processing Zone, Bangladesh

by A B M Nurullah, Most Sanjida Khatun and Liesel Ritchie

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 7716; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17177716 (registering DOI) - 27 Aug 2025

Abstract

This study examines the impacts of industrial wastewater from the Uttara Export Processing Zone (UEPZ) on natural resources, agriculture, and the health of nearby communities in Nilphamari, Bangladesh. Using a quantitative, self-report approach, data were collected from 162 households across four villages in Nilphamari Sadar Upazila, selected based on proximity to the UEPZ. Findings reveal significant environmental degradation: almost all (96%) respondents reported that water in nearby rivers and ponds has changed color and is odorous, unpleasant to taste, and contaminated, harming aquatic biodiversity. Agricultural productivity has declined, with 67 percent of respondents experiencing reduced crop yields, increased crop diseases, and rising cultivation costs due to greater dependence on fertilizers and pesticides. Also, 96 percent of respondents reported that the fish population diminished, reducing alternative income sources. Health impacts were pronounced; 69 percent of the respondents experienced water pollution-related complications, including skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and eye problems. Perceptions of wastewater health risks were strongly aligned with reported illnesses. Binary logistic regression further indicated a positive association between degraded crop health and human health problems. The study concludes that UEPZ’s wastewater disposal negatively affects natural resources, agriculture, and public health, underscoring the need for improved waste management and mitigation to protect affected communities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Impact Assessment and Sustainable Solution of Geological Hazard Under Climate Change)

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27 pages, 2279 KB

Open AccessArticle

HQRNN-FD: A Hybrid Quantum Recurrent Neural Network for Fraud Detection

by Yao-Chong Li, Yi-Fan Zhang, Rui-Qing Xu, Ri-Gui Zhou and Yi-Lin Dong

Entropy 2025, 27(9), 906; https://doi.org/10.3390/e27090906 (registering DOI) - 27 Aug 2025

Abstract

Detecting financial fraud is a critical aspect of modern intelligent financial systems. Despite the advances brought by deep learning in predictive accuracy, challenges persist—particularly in capturing complex, high-dimensional nonlinear features. This study introduces a novel hybrid quantum recurrent neural network for fraud detection (HQRNN-FD). The model utilizes variational quantum circuits (VQCs) incorporating angle encoding, data reuploading, and hierarchical entanglement to project transaction features into quantum state spaces, thereby facilitating quantum-enhanced feature extraction. For sequential analysis, the model integrates a recurrent neural network (RNN) with a self-attention mechanism to effectively capture temporal dependencies and uncover latent fraudulent patterns. To mitigate class imbalance, the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) is employed during preprocessing, enhancing both class representation and model generalizability. Experimental evaluations reveal that HQRNN-FD attains an accuracy of 0.972 on publicly available fraud detection datasets, outperforming conventional models by 2.4%. In addition, the framework exhibits robustness against quantum noise and improved predictive performance with increasing qubit numbers, validating its efficacy and scalability for imbalanced financial classification tasks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Computing in the NISQ Era)

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15 pages, 350 KB

Open AccessArticle

Personal Values and Psychological Well-Being Among Emerging Adults: The Mediating Role of Meaning in Life

by Marianna Chmiel and Zdzisław Kroplewski

Brain Sci. 2025, 15(9), 930; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15090930 (registering DOI) - 27 Aug 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Emerging adulthood involves identity exploration, instability, and a sense of being “in-between” adolescence and full adulthood. This study examined whether growth-oriented values (openness to change and self-transcendence) are associated with psychological well-being among emerging adults, and whether meaning in life (presence and search) is related to these variables. Methods: The study included 200 participants (M = 21.90, SD = 2.48). The following measures were used: the Psychological Well-Being Scales, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, and the Portrait Values Questionnaire. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted. Results: All key variables (psychological well-being, presence of meaning, search for meaning, openness to change, and self-transcendence) were significantly positively correlated (r = 0.27–0.74, p < 0.01). The presence of meaning explained the associations between both openness to change (β = 0.22, 95% CI [0.50, 1.26]) and self-transcendence (β = 0.20, 95% CI [0.36, 0.91]) with psychological well-being, whereas the search for meaning was not a significant intervening variable in either model. Conclusions: These findings highlight the relevance of growth-oriented values and the presence of meaning in understanding psychological well-being among emerging adults. Longitudinal research is needed to clarify the directionality of these relationships. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focus on Mental Health and Mental Illness in Adolescents)

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