Green Mining, 2nd Volume

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Topic is a continuation of the previous successful Topic, “Green Mining”. Mining is the fundamental industry for social development and national economic construction. Throughout the entire process of exploring and developing mineral resources, scientific and orderly mining practices are implemented. Disturbance to the ecological environment in the mining area is kept under control within a manageable range. It is of great significance to recognize environmental ecology, employ scientific mining methods, efficiently utilize resources, digitize management information, and promote harmony within mining communities. This research topic aims to provide a platform for new research and recent advances in green mine technology. To promote the development of green mine construction, we encourage the submission of high-quality original research papers, including but not limited to the following topics:

• Safety and sustainable mining;
• Mineral resource management;
• Intelligent mining technology;
• Mining equipment;
• Geomechanics and geophysics;
• Rehabilitation of mine sites;
• Human–machine–environment system;
• Green exploration in mines;
• Mine safety and personnel health;
• Harmless treatment of solid waste in mines.

Prof. Dr. Kun Du
Dr. Jianping Sun
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Energies energies	3.0	6.2	2008	16.8 Days	CHF 2600	Submit
Minerals minerals	2.2	4.1	2011	18 Days	CHF 2400	Submit
Mining mining	-	2.8	2021	21.1 Days	CHF 1000	Submit
Processes processes	2.8	5.1	2013	14.9 Days	CHF 2400	Submit
Sustainability sustainability	3.3	6.8	2009	19.7 Days	CHF 2400	Submit

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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All Energies Minerals Mining Processes Sustainability

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19 pages, 14397 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Comprehensive Analysis of Feasibility by Ascending Mining in Coal Mine

by Yunpeng Li, Wenhua Yang, Helong Gu and Yixin Xu

Processes 2024, 12(12), 2890; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122890 - 17 Dec 2024

Viewed by 612

Abstract

In order to study the feasibility of upward mining in a certain coal mine, the mechanical parameters of the coal rock mass were obtained based on on-site investigation and rock mechanics experiments. A numerical model that conforms to the on-site mining layout was [...] Read more.

In order to study the feasibility of upward mining in a certain coal mine, the mechanical parameters of the coal rock mass were obtained based on on-site investigation and rock mechanics experiments. A numerical model that conforms to the on-site mining layout was established using numerical simulation methods. The stress, displacement, and plastic zone distribution characteristics of the upper coal rock mass at different positions along the X, Y and Z directions after the initial mining of layered coal were analyzed. The critical thickness for tensile failure of the roof during upward mining was calculated using the thick plate theory. A ground penetrating radar was used on site to conduct three-dimensional detection of the fragmentation characteristics of the overlying roof rock. The results show that after the mining of 5# coal, the stress of the overlying roof surrounding rock in the goaf exhibits a dynamic change process of rising peak falling. As the vertical height from the working face increases, the stress in the center of the goaf and around the working face gradually decreases; the displacement distribution extends outwards from the center of the working face, forming a sinking basin with an upward opening in the direction of inclination and direction of the working face. The maximum displacement value is at the bottom of the basin; there is a tensile stress zone above the working face, and the plastic zone has the largest range at the center of the working face direction and inclination. The plastic zone has not evolved to coal 4# and coal 3#; the maximum critical thickness for tensile failure of the roof is 55.4 m, which is much smaller than the actual thickness of 99.82 m on site, and upward mining can be adopted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Green Mining, 2nd Volume)

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17 pages, 6919 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Coupled Effects of Time and Temperature on the Rheological and Pipe Flow Properties of Cemented Paste Backfill

by Bo Liu, Yaoping Zhang, Xionggang Zou, Chaomei Zhang and Yingjie Chang

Minerals 2024, 14(12), 1221; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14121221 - 29 Nov 2024

Viewed by 529

Abstract

As mineral resources at shallow depths become increasingly depleted, the development of these resources is progressively shifting to greater depths. This transition presents challenges for the pipeline transport of cement paste backfill (CPB), particularly in terms of long-distance transport and elevated temperatures. To [...] Read more.

As mineral resources at shallow depths become increasingly depleted, the development of these resources is progressively shifting to greater depths. This transition presents challenges for the pipeline transport of cement paste backfill (CPB), particularly in terms of long-distance transport and elevated temperatures. To investigate this phenomenon, we conducted rheological tests, developed a resistance model that accounts for both time and temperature, and performed numerical simulations. The results show that the rheological parameters of CPB exhibit a gradual decline as the flow progresses. Specifically, at 20 °C, the plastic viscosity of CPB decreases by 1.6 Pa·s, and the yield stress decreases by 48.15 Pa; at 30 °C, the plastic viscosity decreases by 1.3 Pa·s, and the yield stress decreases by 18.69 Pa; at 40 °C, the plastic viscosity decreases by 0.84 Pa·s, and the yield stress decreases by 12.55 Pa; and at 50 °C, the plastic viscosity decreases by 0.58 Pa·s, with the yield stress decreasing by 12.53 Pa. Furthermore, the influence of shear time on the rheological properties of CPB diminishes as temperature increases within the range of 20 °C to 50 °C. These results offer significant insights for optimizing the pipeline transport of CPB in mining operations. These findings provide valuable guidance for pipeline transport of CPB in mining operations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Green Mining, 2nd Volume)

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27 pages, 11556 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Prediction and Application of Drilling-Induced Fracture Occurrences under Different Stress Regimes

by Hongwei Song, Hong Cheng, Feiyu Yuan, Lin Cheng and Ping Yue

Processes 2024, 12(9), 1874; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091874 - 2 Sep 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1264

Abstract

Identifying and categorizing drilling-induced fractures is pivotal for understanding the mechanisms underlying wellbore instability, drilling fluid loss, and assessing reservoirs using imaging logging data. This study employs a linear elastic stress model around the wellbore, coupled with a tensile failure criterion, to establish [...] Read more.

Identifying and categorizing drilling-induced fractures is pivotal for understanding the mechanisms underlying wellbore instability, drilling fluid loss, and assessing reservoirs using imaging logging data. This study employs a linear elastic stress model around the wellbore, coupled with a tensile failure criterion, to establish a predictive framework for the orientation of drilling-induced fractures. It investigates how engineering parameters like wellbore trajectory and bottomhole pressure influence the distribution of principal stresses around the wellbore, as well as the angle and orientation of drilling-induced fractures relative to the wellbore axis, across various faulting scenarios. The results indicate that drilling-induced fractures exhibit structured arrangements and consistent patterns, often appearing at approximately 180° symmetric intervals and descending in similar orientations. This provides a theoretical basis for their systematic identification and classification. Under different stress conditions, these fractures can manifest as feather-like shapes, “J”-shaped, or transitional states between feather-like and “J”-shaped orientations, as well as “V”-shaped or “M”-shaped orientations. Accurate detection and classification of these fractures are essential for interpreting effective fractures, conducting thorough reservoir evaluations, and predicting appropriate drilling fluid densities to mitigate the wellbore failure risk. Moreover, this knowledge aids in effectively determining the magnitude and direction of in situ stress inversion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Green Mining, 2nd Volume)

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19 pages, 7002 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Study on Fracture Toughness of Shale Based on Three-Point Bending Semi-Circular Disk Samples

by Jinglin Wen, Yongming Yin and Mingming Zhang

Processes 2024, 12(7), 1368; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071368 - 30 Jun 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1224

Abstract

A large number of construction practice projects have found that there are many joints and microcracks in rock, concrete, and other structures, which cause the complexity of rock mechanical properties and are the main cause of geological or engineering disasters such as earthquakes, [...] Read more.

A large number of construction practice projects have found that there are many joints and microcracks in rock, concrete, and other structures, which cause the complexity of rock mechanical properties and are the main cause of geological or engineering disasters such as earthquakes, landslides, and rock bursts. To establish a rock fracture toughness evaluation method and understand the distribution range of fracture toughness of Longmaxi Formation shale, this study prepared three-point bending semi-circular disk shale samples of Longmaxi Formation with different crack inclination angles. The dimensionless fracture parameters of the samples, including the dimensionless stress intensity factors of type I, type II, and T-stress, were calibrated using the finite element method. Then, the peak load of the samples was tested using quasi-static loading, and the load–displacement curve characteristics of Longmaxi Formation shale and the variation in fracture toughness with crack inclination angle were analyzed. The study concluded that the specimens exhibited significant brittle failure characteristics and that the stress intensity factor is not the sole parameter controlling crack propagation in rock materials. With an increase in crack inclination angle, the prefabricated crack propagation gradually transitions from being dominated by type I fracture to type II fracture, and the T-stress changes from negative to positive, gradually increasing its influence on the fracture. An excessively large relative crack length increases the error in fracture toughness test results. Therefore, this paper suggests that the relative crack length a/R should be between 0.2 and 0.6. The fracture load distribution range of shale samples with different crack angles is 3.27 kN to 10.92 kN. As the crack inclination angle increases, the maximum load that the semi-circular disk shale samples can bear gradually increases. The pure type I fracture toughness of Longmaxi Formation shale is 1.13–1.38 MPa·m^1/2, the pure type II fracture toughness is 0.55–0.62 MPa·m^1/2, and the T-stress variation range of shale samples with different inclination angles is −0.49–9.48 MPa. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Green Mining, 2nd Volume)

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21 pages, 8926 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Enhancement of Mine Images through Reflectance Estimation of V Channel Using Retinex Theory

by Changlin Wu, Dandan Wang, Kaifeng Huang and Long Wu

Processes 2024, 12(6), 1067; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12061067 - 23 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1180

Abstract

The dim lighting and excessive dust in underground mines often result in uneven illumination, blurriness, and loss of detail in surveillance images, which hinders subsequent intelligent image recognition. To address the limitations of the existing image enhancement algorithms in terms of generalization and [...] Read more.

The dim lighting and excessive dust in underground mines often result in uneven illumination, blurriness, and loss of detail in surveillance images, which hinders subsequent intelligent image recognition. To address the limitations of the existing image enhancement algorithms in terms of generalization and accuracy, this paper proposes an unsupervised method for enhancing mine images in the hue–saturation–value (HSV) color space. Inspired by the HSV color space, the method first converts RGB images to the HSV space and integrates Retinex theory into the brightness (V channel). Additionally, a random perturbation technique is designed for the brightness. Within the same scene, a U-Net-based reflectance estimation network is constructed by enforcing consistency between the original reflectance and the perturbed reflectance, incorporating ResNeSt blocks and a multi-scale channel pixel attention module to improve accuracy. Finally, an enhanced image is obtained by recombining the original hue (H channel), brightness, and saturation (S channel), and converting back to the RGB space. Importantly, this image enhancement algorithm does not require any normally illuminated images during training. Extensive experiments demonstrated that the proposed method outperformed most existing unsupervised low-light image enhancement methods, qualitatively and quantitatively, achieving a competitive performance comparable to many supervised methods. Specifically, our method achieved the highest PSNR value of 22.18, indicating significant improvements compared to the other methods, and surpassing the second-best WCDM method by 10.3%. In terms of SSIM, our method also performed exceptionally well, achieving a value of 0.807, surpassing all other methods, and improving upon the second-place WCDM method by 19.5%. These results demonstrate that our proposed method significantly enhanced image quality and similarity, far exceeding the performance of the other algorithms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Green Mining, 2nd Volume)

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