Bone as an Endocrine Organ

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Increasing evidence shows that bone is very much an interactive organ in the body and plays an integral role in the functioning or malfunctioning of other organs and tissues. Often, it does this by releasing substances that affect metabolism in ways we could not previously imagine. Some examples of this include the roles of osteocalcin in glucose metabolism and skeletal muscle function and Transforming Growth Factor-Beta in muscle protein degradation. Yet, many questions are unanswered. For example, bone contains and releases substances that are anabolic and catabolic to other tissues. What signals bone to release them and in what quantities? What are the metabolic fates of released calcium, phosphate and magnesium in health and disease? How do these releases affect other organs in different disease states?

Prof. Dr. Gordon L. Klein
Prof. Dr. Antonio Brunetti
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Cells cells	5.1	9.9	2012	17 Days	CHF 2700
Endocrines endocrines	-	-	2020	26.5 Days	CHF 1000
International Journal of Molecular Sciences ijms	4.9	8.1	2000	16.8 Days	CHF 2900
Journal of Clinical Medicine jcm	3.0	5.7	2012	16 Days	CHF 2600
Metabolites metabolites	3.5	5.7	2011	16.1 Days	CHF 2700

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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All Cells Endocrines IJMS JCM Metabolites

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7 pages, 654 KiB  

Open AccessCase Report

Romosozumab as Treatment for Severe Osteoporosis in Heart and Lung Transplant Recipients

by Lisa M. Raven, Jacqueline R. Center and Christopher A. Muir

Endocrines 2025, 6(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines6010002 - 2 Jan 2025

Viewed by 960

Abstract

Background: Osteoporosis is common in transplant recipients, and fracture risk is high. Standard treatment is with anti-resorptive medications. Despite high fracture rates, there are limited data on the use of anabolic bone therapies in transplant recipients. Aim: To evaluate skeletal outcomes after treatment [...] Read more.

Background: Osteoporosis is common in transplant recipients, and fracture risk is high. Standard treatment is with anti-resorptive medications. Despite high fracture rates, there are limited data on the use of anabolic bone therapies in transplant recipients. Aim: To evaluate skeletal outcomes after treatment with romosozumab for 12 months in heart and lung transplant recipients. Methods: Retrospective analysis of transplant recipients who completed 12 months of romosozumab treatment at a single centre. Results: Six transplant recipients completed 12 months of romosozumab treatment, commenced after a median of 3 years post transplant (range 2–20). Four patients (66%) were still receiving prednisolone treatment at the time of starting romosozumab. All patients had a history of fracture and had previously received anti-resorptive therapy (4 with zoledronate, 2 with denosumab for >2 years). Following completion of romosozumab treatment, all patients were consolidated with zoledronate or denosumab. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured prior to and after completion of romosozumab treatment. The median baseline lumbar spine (LS) T-score was −2.3 SD (range −3.1 to +0.9) and total femur T-score was −2.2 SD (range −2.9 to −1.6). Most (5/6) patients experienced an increase in BMD at the LS (median change +7.1%). Most (5/6) patients did not experience clinically significant change in total femur BMD, apart from one patient who experienced a 9% gain. Three patients (50%) experienced subsequent fractures during (1/3) or after completing (2/3) romosozumab treatment. Conclusions: These cases demonstrate severe osteoporosis in transplant recipients. Most patients in our case series had improvement in LS BMD following romosozumab treatment, yet new fractures still occurred during follow-up. The appropriate use of romosozumab in heart and lung transplant patients with osteoporosis requires further study. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Bone as an Endocrine Organ)

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13 pages, 584 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Pro-Osteogenic Effect of the Nutraceutical BlastiMin Complex^® in Women with Osteoporosis or Osteopenia: An Open Intervention Clinical Trial

by Sofia Sabatelli, Emanuele-Salvatore Scarpa, Angelica Giuliani, Chiara Giordani, Jacopo Sabbatinelli, Maria Rita Rippo, Sara Cabodi, Barbara Petrini, Giancarlo Balercia and Gilberta Giacchetti

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(16), 8565; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168565 - 6 Aug 2024

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Abstract

Osteoporosis is a chronic disease that affects millions of patients worldwide and is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of fractures. Notably, natural molecules can increase BMD and exert pro-osteogenic effects. Noteworthily, the nutraceutical BlastiMin Complex^® (Mivell, Italy, [...] Read more.

Osteoporosis is a chronic disease that affects millions of patients worldwide and is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of fractures. Notably, natural molecules can increase BMD and exert pro-osteogenic effects. Noteworthily, the nutraceutical BlastiMin Complex^® (Mivell, Italy, European Patent Application EP4205733A1) can induce differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in osteoblasts and can exert in vitro pro-osteogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, the purpose of this study was to verify the effects of BlastiMin Complex^® on bone turnover markers (BTMs) and BMD in patients with senile and postmenopausal osteopenia or osteoporosis. The efficacy of BlastiMin Complex^® on BTMs in serum was evaluated through biochemical assays. BMD values were analyzed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and Radiofrequency Echographic Multi Spectrometry (R.E.M.S.) techniques, and the SNPs with a role in osteoporosis development were evaluated by PCR. Clinical data obtained after 12 months of treatment showed an increase in bone turnover index, a decrease in C-reactive protein levels, and a remarkable increase in P1NP levels, indicating the induction of osteoblast proliferation and activity in the cohort of 100% female patients recruited for the study. These findings show that the nutraceutical BlastiMin Complex^® could be used as an adjuvant in combination with synthetic drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis pathology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Bone as an Endocrine Organ)

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10 pages, 1874 KiB  

Open AccessCommunication

Vibration Rather than Microgravity Affects Bone Metabolism in Adult Zebrafish Scale Model

by Marta Carnovali, Stefania Zava, Giuseppe Banfi, Angela Maria Rizzo and Massimo Mariotti

Cells 2024, 13(6), 509; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13060509 - 14 Mar 2024

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Abstract

Gravity and mechanical forces cause important alterations in the human skeletal system, as demonstrated by space flights. Innovative animal models like zebrafish embryos and medaka have been introduced to study bone response in ground-based microgravity simulators. We used, for the first time, adult [...] Read more.

Gravity and mechanical forces cause important alterations in the human skeletal system, as demonstrated by space flights. Innovative animal models like zebrafish embryos and medaka have been introduced to study bone response in ground-based microgravity simulators. We used, for the first time, adult zebrafish in simulated microgravity, with a random positioning machine (RPM) to study bone remodeling in the scales. To evaluate the effects of microgravity on bone remodeling in adult bone tissue, we exposed adult zebrafish to microgravity for 14 days using RPM and we evaluated bone remodeling on explanted scales. Our data highlight bone resorption in scales in simulated microgravity fish but also in the fish exposed, in normal gravity, to the vibrations produced by the RPM. The osteoclast activation in both rotating and non-rotating samples suggest that prolonged vibrations exposure leads to bone resorption in the scales tissue. Stress levels in these fish were normal, as demonstrated by blood cortisol quantification. In conclusion, vibrational mechanical stress induced bone resorption in adult fish scales. Moreover, adult fish as an animal model for microgravity studies remains controversial since fish usually live in weightless conditions because of the buoyant force from water and do not constantly need to support their bodies against gravity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Bone as an Endocrine Organ)

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