Gynecological Endocrinology Updates

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hormones and good health are tightly linked in our biology, especially in women. The complexity of the endocrine axes and hormonal control of the ovarian cycle is just a simple example of such an issue. This interdisciplinary Topic on gynecological endocrinology has been created to bridge the many disciplines that deal with women's well-being. The gynecological endocrinology field deals with not only gynecological issues but also cardiological, pure endocrinological, dermatological, oncological, and orthopedic areas, among many others. There are dozens of specialties where women health is at the center of scientists’ interest. This new interdisciplinary Topic on gynecological endocrinology aims to collate research that links hormones with women health; it also aims to create a specific space where “gynecology” attracts streams of new scientific research that will expand our knowledge and skills in women’s health.

Dr. Alessandro Genazzani
Dr. Stefano Luisi
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Endocrines endocrines	-	2.4	2020	39.9 Days	CHF 1200
International Journal of Molecular Sciences ijms	4.9	9.0	2000	17.8 Days	CHF 2900
Journal of Clinical Medicine jcm	2.9	5.2	2012	18.5 Days	CHF 2600
Women women	1.6	-	2021	16.6 Days	CHF 1200
Reproductive Medicine reprodmed	1.3	-	2020	26.3 Days	CHF 1200

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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All Endocrines IJMS JCM Women Reprod. Med.

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15 pages, 666 KB  

Open AccessArticle

Serum Chemerin Levels in Polish Women with PCOS-Phenotype D

by Justyna Kuliczkowska-Płaksej, Jowita Halupczok-Żyła, Łukasz Gojny, Agnieszka Zembska, Aneta Zimoch, Monika Skrzypiec-Spring, Marek Bolanowski and Aleksandra Jawiarczyk-Przybyłowska

J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(2), 772; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15020772 - 17 Jan 2026

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Abstract

Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder with diverse pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical manifestations. Phenotype D PCOS is characterized by oligomenorrhoea and polycystic ovaries without hyperandrogenism. Altered adipokine profiles may contribute to reproductive and metabolic disturbances. Chemerin is an adipokine involved [...] Read more.

Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder with diverse pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical manifestations. Phenotype D PCOS is characterized by oligomenorrhoea and polycystic ovaries without hyperandrogenism. Altered adipokine profiles may contribute to reproductive and metabolic disturbances. Chemerin is an adipokine involved in inflammatory and metabolic processes. It remains unclear whether altered chemerin levels in PCOS reflect metabolic dysfunction alone or are directly associated with hyperandrogenism. The aim of this study was to compare serum chemerin levels in women with normoandrogenic PCOS and a control group. Methods: This cross-sectional preliminary study included 49 women with phenotype D PCOS and 40 healthy, age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls. Anthropometric, biochemical, hormonal parameters, and serum chemerin concentrations were assessed. Results: Serum chemerin concentrations did not differ significantly between the groups. In the PCOS group, the 95% confidence interval ranged from 198.61 to 234.37, while in the controls, it ranged from 187.13 to 216.21. In women with PCOS, chemerin showed significant positive correlations with weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference, total adipose tissue, and both gynoid and android fat content. Positive correlations were also observed with highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), insulin, glucose, triglycerides, and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and a negative correlation was found with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Chemerin was weakly negatively correlated with sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and positively correlated with the free androgen index (FAI). In the control group, chemerin correlated positively with CRP, insulin, triglycerides, total and gynoid adipose tissue, and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol and SHBG. Conclusions Although chemerin levels did not differ from controls, chemerin was associated with metabolic and inflammatory markers in both groups. These findings should be considered preliminary due to the limited sample size. Chemerin may reflect metabolic and inflammatory status rather than hyperandrogenism in normoandrogenic PCOS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Gynecological Endocrinology Updates)

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14 pages, 1907 KB  

Open AccessArticle

Oral Contraceptive Use and Reproductive History in Relation to Metabolic Syndrome Among Women from KNHANES 2010–2023

by In Ae Cho, Jaeyoon Jo, Jeesun Lee, Hyunjin Lim, Yun-Hong Cheon and Rock Bum Kim

J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(17), 6319; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14176319 - 7 Sep 2025

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Abstract

Background/Objectives: This study examined how reproductive factors—such as oral contraceptive (OC) use, age at menarche, number of pregnancies, and age at first delivery—are related to the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean women aged 30–69, based on their menopausal status. Methods [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: This study examined how reproductive factors—such as oral contraceptive (OC) use, age at menarche, number of pregnancies, and age at first delivery—are related to the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean women aged 30–69, based on their menopausal status. Methods: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2023 were analyzed, including 31,178 women with complete data. Survey-weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were conducted, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and reproductive covariates. Results: OC use was associated with higher MetS risk in both pre-menopausal (adjusted OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.13–1.72) and post-menopausal women (adjusted OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.03–1.29). This association was observed primarily in relation to elevated blood pressure in both groups and high triglycerides in post-menopausal women. Other reproductive factors, including age at menarche, number of pregnancies, and age at first delivery, showed no significant associations with MetS risk. Conclusions: OC use was associated with higher MetS risk in this cross-sectional study of Korean women. These observational findings suggest a potential relationship that warrants further investigation through longitudinal studies to establish temporal relationships and explore underlying mechanisms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Gynecological Endocrinology Updates)

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12 pages, 488 KB  

Open AccessArticle

Association Between Endogenous Equol Production and the Onset of Overactive Bladder in Postmenopausal Women

by Hiroyuki Honda, Tomohiro Matsuo, Hidenori Ito, Shota Kakita, Shintaro Mori, Kyohei Araki, Kensuke Mitsunari, Kojiro Ohba, Yasushi Mochizuki and Ryoichi Imamura

J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(12), 4183; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14124183 - 12 Jun 2025

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Abstract

Objectives: Equol, a gut-derived metabolite of soy isoflavones with estrogenic activity, may influence bladder aging. However, the association between overactive bladder (OAB), which is closely linked to bladder aging, and the estrogenic effects of equol remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the [...] Read more.

Objectives: Equol, a gut-derived metabolite of soy isoflavones with estrogenic activity, may influence bladder aging. However, the association between overactive bladder (OAB), which is closely linked to bladder aging, and the estrogenic effects of equol remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the association between endogenous equol production and onset and severity of OAB in postmenopausal women. Methods: The study included 128 postmenopausal women, newly diagnosed with OAB, who were categorized into equol- and non-equol-producing groups based on urinary equol levels as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patient clinical characteristics, OAB Symptom Score (OABSS), and urodynamic parameters were assessed. Propensity score matching was performed to minimize confounding factors related to the timing of lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) onset. Results: Equol producers exhibited a significantly later onset of LUTS than non-producers (68.7 ± 10.9 vs. 62.7 ± 10.7 years, p = 0.002). Equol producers were more prevalent in the late-onset group (58.6% vs. 31.0%, p = 0.002), which had significantly higher urinary equol concentrations than the early-onset group (p = 0.014). No significant differences were observed in total OABSS or subscale scores between the groups, suggesting that equol did not affect symptom severity. Propensity score-matched analysis (n = 104) confirmed that equol non-production was an independent risk factor for early-onset LUTS (OR, 1.930; 95% CI, 1.248–4.049; p = 0.014). Conclusions: Endogenous equol production was significantly associated with the delayed onset of OAB in postmenopausal women. Thus, equol may serve as a protective factor and non-invasive biomarker to guide individualized prevention and early intervention strategies in urological care for women. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Gynecological Endocrinology Updates)

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