Proceedings

Specificity, or the ability of detecting one single species in the presence of many others, is one of
the most sought after features in chemical and gas sensors. [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

1 pages, 113 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Quantum Computer—A New Technology for the Information Age

by Rainer Blatt

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1100; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131100 - 7 Dec 2018

Viewed by 987

Abstract

Since the mid-nineties of the 20th century, it became apparent that one of the centuries’ most
important technological inventions, that is computers in general, and many of their applications can
be further enhanced by using operations based on quantum physics. [...] Full article

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1 pages, 137 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Organic Electronic Devices as Multi-Modal Transducers of Cellular Activity

by Róisín M. Owens

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1102; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131102 - 14 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1034

Abstract

In vitro models of biological systems are essential for our understanding of biological systems. [...] Full article

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1 pages, 128 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Piezoelectric MEMS Energy Harvesters for Powering Sensor Systems

by Hong Goo Yeo, Tiancheng Xue, Shad Roundy, Xiaokun Ma, Christopher Rahn and Susan Trolier-McKinstry

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1103; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131103 - 19 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1193

Abstract

For distributed sensing, local power sources are of interest. [...] Full article

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4 pages, 730 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Two-stage Energy Extraction Circuit for Energy Harvesting in Non-Sinusoidal Excited Environments

by Philipp Dorsch, Toni Bartsch, Florian Hubert, Heinrich Milosiu and Stefan J. Rupitsch

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 700; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130700 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1605

Abstract

We present a two-stage energy extraction circuit for a piezoelectric energy harvester, powering an asset-tracking system. Exploiting non-sinusoidal accelerations generated by many logistic transport devices, e.g., pushcarts, forklifts, assembly belts or cars, we are able to harvest sufficient electrical energy to transmit radio [...] Read more.

We present a two-stage energy extraction circuit for a piezoelectric energy harvester, powering an asset-tracking system. Exploiting non-sinusoidal accelerations generated by many logistic transport devices, e.g., pushcarts, forklifts, assembly belts or cars, we are able to harvest sufficient electrical energy to transmit radio signals, which will allow to track the object when it is moving. By using the proposed energy extraction circuit, the energy extraction efficiency could be improved by at least 30% compared to a single-stage solution for sinusoidal excitations. In the practical use-case, the two-stage energy extraction network performs more than four times better compared to the single staged on. Full article

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4 pages, 404 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

SPM—SEM Investigations of Semiconductor Nanowires for Integrated Metal Oxide Gas Sensors

by Verena Leitgeb, Katrin Fladischer, Frank Hitzel, Florentyna Sosada-Ludwikowska, Johanna Krainer, Robert Wimmer-Teubenbacher and Anton Köck

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 701; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130701 - 4 Dec 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2281

Abstract

Integration of metal oxide nanowires in metal oxide gas sensors enables a new generation of gas sensor devices, with increased sensitivity and selectivity. For reproducible and stable performance of next generation sensors, the electric properties of integrated nanowires have to be well understood, [...] Read more.

Integration of metal oxide nanowires in metal oxide gas sensors enables a new generation of gas sensor devices, with increased sensitivity and selectivity. For reproducible and stable performance of next generation sensors, the electric properties of integrated nanowires have to be well understood, since the detection principle of metal oxide gas sensors is based on the change in electrical conductivity during gas exposure. We study two different types of nanowires that show promising properties for gas sensor applications with a Scanning Probe Microscope—Scanning Electron Microscope combination. Electron Beam Induced Current and Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy measurements with a lateral resolution in the nanometer regime are performed. Our work offers new insights into the dependence of the nanowire work function on its composition and size, and into the local interaction between electron beam and semiconductor nanowires. Full article

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4 pages, 599 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Analysis of Synthesis Mechanism of Gold Nanoparticles Using Glass Microfluidics

by Yuanwei Wang, Yu Tanabe and Hiromasa Yagyu

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 702; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130702 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1399

Abstract

According to LaMer diagram, a clearly separate of nucleation and grows step is required to synthesis of monodisperse nanoparticles. However, a critical mixing time T_c until the growth process is started, is not clear experimentally. In this paper, we prepared gold nanoparticles [...] Read more.

According to LaMer diagram, a clearly separate of nucleation and grows step is required to synthesis of monodisperse nanoparticles. However, a critical mixing time T_c until the growth process is started, is not clear experimentally. In this paper, we prepared gold nanoparticles (GNPs) by liquid-phase reduction using citric acid on microfluidics with different flow rates. From relationship of the diameter of the prepared nanoparticle and the mixing time, T_c for the preparation of monodisperse GNPs was found for the first time. Full article

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5 pages, 589 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Realization of Redistribution Layers for FOWLP by Inkjet Printing

by Ali Roshanghias, Ying Ma, Marc Dreissigacker, Tanja Braun, Christian Bretthauer, Karl-F. Becker and Martin Schneider-Ramelow

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 703; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130703 - 13 Dec 2018

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2644

Abstract

The implementation of additive manufacturing technology (e.g., digital printing) to the electronic packaging segment has recently received increasing attention. In almost all types of Fan-out wafer level packaging (FOWLP), redistribution layers (RDLs) are formed by a combination of photolithography, sputtering and plating process. [...] Read more.

The implementation of additive manufacturing technology (e.g., digital printing) to the electronic packaging segment has recently received increasing attention. In almost all types of Fan-out wafer level packaging (FOWLP), redistribution layers (RDLs) are formed by a combination of photolithography, sputtering and plating process. Alternatively, in this study, inkjet-printed RDLs were introduced for FOWLP. In contrast to a subtractive method (e.g., photolithography), additive manufacturing techniques allow depositing the material only where it is desired. In the current study, RDL structures for different embedded modules were realized by inkjet printing and further characterized by electrical examinations. It was proposed that a digital printing process can be a more efficient and lower-cost solution especially for rapid prototyping of RDLs, since several production steps will be skipped, less material will be wasted and the supply chain will be shortened. Full article

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4 pages, 723 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Development of Thin Shear Force Sensor Aimed at Improving QOL for Persons with Disabilities

by Shigeru Toyama, Satoshi Shirogane, Takashi Nakamura, Kenta Watanabe and Kazuhiro Hara

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 704; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130704 - 14 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3535

Abstract

We have been developing a sheet type shear force sensor. It has a unique structure consisting of two flexible electrode films, a rubber ring, and a liquid electrolyte. One of the electrode films has a central electrode and the other film had four [...] Read more.

We have been developing a sheet type shear force sensor. It has a unique structure consisting of two flexible electrode films, a rubber ring, and a liquid electrolyte. One of the electrode films has a central electrode and the other film had four symmetrically arranged electrodes. The diameter of the sensor head was 10 mm and the thickness was about 0.7 mm. We also developed mobile measurement circuit and software for the computer. This system can handle up to four sensors simultaneously. Furthermore, we obtained experimental data by attaching the sensor to a human body using a double‐sided adhering tape. Full article

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6 pages, 837 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Printed Capacitance Sensor for Soil Moisture Measurement

by Nicholas R. Harris and Alexander Stonard

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 705; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130705 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2850

Abstract

The introduction and evaluation of a novel sensor design for a soil moisture sensor that can be manufactured on a PCB. The PCB acts as a capacitor, which uses the fringe effect to allow changes in permittivity of its surrounding medium to be [...] Read more.

The introduction and evaluation of a novel sensor design for a soil moisture sensor that can be manufactured on a PCB. The PCB acts as a capacitor, which uses the fringe effect to allow changes in permittivity of its surrounding medium to be identified, and this capacitance is measured via relatively simple charge and discharge times between two voltages through a series resistor. The system is implemented in a low-cost microcontroller, and coupled with being printable on a PCB, has the potential to make a highly cost-effective sensor. A custom Android Bluetooth application was produced to provide communication with and configuration of the sensor. Full article

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4 pages, 929 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Photostimulable Phosphor Glass for Ionizing Radiation Monitoring

by Hidehito Nanto, Kazuki Hirasawa, Yoshinori Takei, Yuka Yanagida, Yoshihiro Koguchi and Takayoshi Yamamoto

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 706; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130706 - 12 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1309

Abstract

Silver (Ag+) doped phosphate glass after exposure to ionizing radiation has an intense luminescence by stimulating with ultra-violet light. This phenomenon is called radiophotoluminescence (RPL). The RPL intensity was increased linearly with increasing X-ray irradiation dose up to about 1000 Gy. Small amount [...] Read more.

Silver (Ag+) doped phosphate glass after exposure to ionizing radiation has an intense luminescence by stimulating with ultra-violet light. This phenomenon is called radiophotoluminescence (RPL). The RPL intensity was increased linearly with increasing X-ray irradiation dose up to about 1000 Gy. Small amount of bead-type RPL glass as large as about 0.05mm was well prepared with a jet flame system. It was confirmed that the RPL glass beads could be used as passive-type radiation dosimeters. Visualization and monitoring system of radiation dose distribution utilizing RPL phenomenon in the Ag+-doped phosphate glass are developed in this study. In the presentation, the basic luminescence properties are reported as well as the application of Ag+-doped phosphate glass beads to radiation dose distribution monitoring. Full article

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4 pages, 595 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Low Cost Micro Milling Machine for Prototyping Plastic Microfluidic Devices

by Md Mubarak Hossain and Tanzilur Rahman

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 707; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130707 - 4 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1750

Abstract

Micro-milling is one of the commonly used methods of fabrication of microfluidic devices necessary for cell biological research and application. Commercial micro-milling machines are expensive, and researchers in developing countries can’t afford them. Here, we report the design and the development of a [...] Read more.

Micro-milling is one of the commonly used methods of fabrication of microfluidic devices necessary for cell biological research and application. Commercial micro-milling machines are expensive, and researchers in developing countries can’t afford them. Here, we report the design and the development of a low-cost (<130 USD) micro milling machine and asses the prototyping capabilities of microfeatures in plastic materials. We demonstrate that the developed machine can be used in fabricating the plastic based microfluidic device. Full article

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5 pages, 745 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Capacitive Tactile Sensor with Concentric-Shape Electrodes for Three-Axial Force Measurement

by Min-Sheng Suen and Rongshun Chen

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 708; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130708 - 19 Dec 2018

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1778

Abstract

In this paper, a novel capacitive tactile sensing device has proposed and demonstrated to solve coupling problem within the normal force and shear force by the unique design of electrode shape. In addition, the tactile sensor was added in the measuring capability of [...] Read more.

In this paper, a novel capacitive tactile sensing device has proposed and demonstrated to solve coupling problem within the normal force and shear force by the unique design of electrode shape. In addition, the tactile sensor was added in the measuring capability of torsion sensing compared with traditional capacitive sensor. The perceptive unit of tactile sensor, which was consist of five sensing electrodes to detect three-axial force. The complete tactile sensor composed of a top electrode, a bottom electrode, and a spacer layer. Each capacitive sensing unit comprised a pair of the concentric-shape but different size electrodes (top electrode and bottom electrode). In the future, the proposed tactile sensor can be utilized in the wearable devices, flexible interface, and bionic robotic skins. Full article

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4 pages, 685 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Ruthenium Oxide pH Sensing for Organs-On-Chip Studies

by Esther Tanumihardja, Wouter Olthuis and Albert van den Berg

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 709; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130709 - 5 Dec 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3645

Abstract

A ruthenium oxide (RuOx) electrode is being developed as potentiometric pH sensor for organs-on-chip applications. Open-circuit potential (OCP) of the RuOx electrode showed a response of −58.05 mV/pH, with no cross-sensitivity to potentially interfering/complexing ions (tested were lithium, sulfate, chloride, and calcium ions). [...] Read more.

A ruthenium oxide (RuOx) electrode is being developed as potentiometric pH sensor for organs-on-chip applications. Open-circuit potential (OCP) of the RuOx electrode showed a response of −58.05 mV/pH, with no cross-sensitivity to potentially interfering/complexing ions (tested were lithium, sulfate, chloride, and calcium ions). Similar response was observed in complex biological medium. The electrode stored in liquid had a long-term drift of −0.8 mV/hour (corresponding to ΔpH of 0.013/hour) and response time in complex biological medium was 3.7 s. Minimum cross-sensitivity to oxygen was observed as the OCP shifted ~3 mV going from deoxygenated to oxygenated solution. This response is one magnitude lower than previously reported for metal- oxide pH sensors. Overall, the RuOx pH sensor has proven to be a suitable pH sensor for organs- on-chip applications. Full article

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4 pages, 276 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

In-Plane Sensitive Magnetoresistors as a Hall Device

by Siya Lozanova, Ivan Kolev, Avgust Ivanov and Chavdar Roumenin

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 710; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130710 - 5 Dec 2018

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Abstract

A novel coupling of a pair of identical two-contact (2C) magnetoresistors transformed into an in-plane sensitive Hall device is presented. The ohmic contacts are cross-linked, also adding a load resistor bridge, providing for constant current mode of operation and eliminating the inevitable parasitic [...] Read more.

A novel coupling of a pair of identical two-contact (2C) magnetoresistors transformed into an in-plane sensitive Hall device is presented. The ohmic contacts are cross-linked, also adding a load resistor bridge, providing for constant current mode of operation and eliminating the inevitable parasitic offset. This silicon configuration, apart from its simplified layout, has linear and odd output voltage as a function of the magnetic field and current. The quadratic and even magnetoresistance in the two parts of this innovative device is completely compensated, which ensures high measurement accuracy alongside with identification of the magnetic field polarity. The experimental prototypes feature sensitivity of 110 V/AT. The mean lowest detected magnetic induction B at supply current of 3 mA over frequency range f ≤ 100 Hz at a signal-to-noise ratio equal to unity is Bmin ≈ 10 μT. Тhe high performance and the complete electrical, temperature and technological matching of the parts of this unusual Hall device make it very promising for many practical applications. Full article

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4 pages, 313 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

2D In-Plane Sensitive Hall-Effect Sensor

by Siya Lozanova, Ivan Kolev, Avgust Ivanov and Chavdar Roumenin

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 711; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130711 - 30 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1200

Abstract

A new 2D (two-dimensional) in-plane sensitive Hall-effect sensor comprising two identical n-Si Greek-crosses is presented. Each of the crosses contains one central square contact and, symmetrically to each of their four sides, an outer contact is available. Outer electrode from one configuration [...] Read more.

A new 2D (two-dimensional) in-plane sensitive Hall-effect sensor comprising two identical n-Si Greek-crosses is presented. Each of the crosses contains one central square contact and, symmetrically to each of their four sides, an outer contact is available. Outer electrode from one configuration is connected with the respective opposite contact from the other configuration, thus forming four parallel three-contact (3C) Hall elements. These original connections provide pairs of opposite supply currents in each of the cross-Hall structure. Also the obligatory load resistors in the outer contacts of 3С Hall elements are replaced by internal resistances of crosses themselves. The samples have been implemented by IC technology, using four masks. The magnetic field is parallel to the structures’ plane. The couples of opposite contacts of each Greek-cross are the outputs for the two orthogonal components of the magnetic vector at sensitivities S ≈ 115 V/AT whereas the cross-talk is very promising, reaching no more than 2.4%. The mean lowest detected magnetic induction B at a supply current I_s = 3 mA over the frequency range f ≤ 500 Hz at a signal to noise ratio equal to unity, is B_min ≈ 14 μT. Full article

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4 pages, 1469 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Equivalent Circuit Model of an Optomechanical MEMS Electric Field Strength Sensor

by Andreas Kainz, Wilfried Hortschitz, Harald Steiner, Michael Stifter and Franz Keplinger

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 712; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130712 - 3 Dec 2018

Viewed by 2050

Abstract

We present a simple equivalent circuit model for the transfer function of an optomechanical MEMS transducer capable of distortion-free electric field strength measurements. This model allows not only to qualitatively understand the characteristics of the transducer but also takes into account parasitic effects [...] Read more.

We present a simple equivalent circuit model for the transfer function of an optomechanical MEMS transducer capable of distortion-free electric field strength measurements. This model allows not only to qualitatively understand the characteristics of the transducer but also takes into account parasitic effects and material properties. Such parasitic effects have been observed while evaluating the first results of electric field measurements performed with the sensor. The model helped to identify and diminish these parasitic effects. Full article

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5 pages, 319 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Low-Offset In-Plane Sensitive Hall Arrangement

by Siya Lozanova, Ivan Kolev, Avgust Ivanov and Chavdar Roumenin

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 713; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130713 - 21 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1157

Abstract

A novel in-plane sensitive Hall arrangement consisting of two identical n-Si three-contact (3C) elements and realized in a common technological process, is presented. In the solution, the minimization of the offset and its temperature drift is achieved by cross-coupling of the outer [...] Read more.

A novel in-plane sensitive Hall arrangement consisting of two identical n-Si three-contact (3C) elements and realized in a common technological process, is presented. In the solution, the minimization of the offset and its temperature drift is achieved by cross-coupling of the outer device contacts. This terminals’ connection provides equalizing currents between the two substrates which strongly compensate the inevitable difference in the electrical conditions in the two parts of the arrangement. As a result, the residual offset of both integrated Hall elements at the output V_out(0) and its temperature drift are strongly minimized. The residual offset is about 160 times smaller than the single-configuration one. The obtained output voltage-to-residual offset ratio at sensitivity of S_RI ≈ 98 V/AT is very promising, reaching 6 × 10³ at temperature T = 40 °C and induction 1 T. As a result, increased metrological accuracy for numerous applications is achieved. For a first time through the novel arrangement a suppression of sensitivity in the presence of external magnetic field could be achieved in order to obtain permanent offset information. This is one of the key results in the Hall device investigation. Full article

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5 pages, 805 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Water-Dielectric Single Electrode Mode Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Ocean Wave Impact Energy Harvesting

by Ulises Tronco Jurado, Suan Hui Pu and Neil M. White

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 714; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130714 - 21 Dec 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2404

Abstract

The effect of water wave impacts and breakdown on the output performance of Water-Dielectric Single Electrode Mode Triboelectric Nanogenerators (WDSE-TENG) has been evaluated. When water contacts a TENG consisting of a hydrophobic dielectric layer, the triboelectric effect is generated with a net negative [...] Read more.

The effect of water wave impacts and breakdown on the output performance of Water-Dielectric Single Electrode Mode Triboelectric Nanogenerators (WDSE-TENG) has been evaluated. When water contacts a TENG consisting of a hydrophobic dielectric layer, the triboelectric effect is generated with a net negative charge on the dielectric material and net positive charge on the water surface. The hydrophobic dielectric materials, which show the highest electrical output performance in contact with water, were FEP, silicone rubber and polyimide. The average output power of each sample for a load resistance of 10 MΩ was found to be in the range 14.69 to 19.12 µW. The results demonstrate that WDSE-TENG devices can work as an alternative energy harvesting mechanism by using water as a triboelectric material. Full article

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5 pages, 3891 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Detection of Heart and Respiration Rate with an Organic-Semiconductor-Based Optomechanical MEMS Sensor

by Günter Hammer, Andreas Kainz, Wilfried Hortschitz, Hsiao-Wen Zan, Hsin-Fei Meng, Thilo Sauter and Franz Keplinger

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 715; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130715 - 10 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1865

Abstract

We present a displacement-sensitive sensor comprising a microelectromechanical (MEMS) chip and organic optoelectronic components capable of measuring the heart and respiration rate on humans. The MEMS sensor relies on the inertial deflection of a small silicon oscillator. The readout of the deflection is [...] Read more.

We present a displacement-sensitive sensor comprising a microelectromechanical (MEMS) chip and organic optoelectronic components capable of measuring the heart and respiration rate on humans. The MEMS sensor relies on the inertial deflection of a small silicon oscillator. The readout of the deflection is optical and works via modulation of the light flux passing through the MEMS. Organic optoelectronics are used as light source and detector, since these offer a homogeneous light distribution and a more compact package in a future integration. Two types of MEMS, differing in their resonance frequency, were designed and characterised in combination with both organic and inorganic optoelectronics prior to measuring heart and respiration rate. Subsequently, by measurements on the neck, pulse and respiration rate were successfully measured. Full article

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4 pages, 1532 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Novel Low Cost Wireless Incontinence Sensor System (Screen-Printed Flexible Sensor System) for Wireless Urine Detection in Incontinence Materials

by Ha-Duong Ngo, Thanh Hai Hoang, Manuel Baeuscher, Bei Wang, Piotr Mackowiak, Nils Grabbert, Thomas Weiland, Oswin Ehrmann, Klaus-Dieter Lang, Martin Schneider-Ramelow and Jens Grudno

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 716; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130716 - 21 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3343

Abstract

In this paper we present a printed, fast, high-sensitive and cheap wireless incontinence sensor [...]
Full article

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5 pages, 746 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Concave Diffraction Gratings by High-Precision Injection Moulding

by Manuel Walch and Alexander Wörle

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 717; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130717 - 29 Apr 2019

Viewed by 1489

Abstract

As an example of the applicable process chain, a concave grating (1175 grooves/mm) with an active area of approx. 24 mm to 24 mm has been replicated by means of electroplating and further by injection moulding with polycarbonate, resulting in a surface accuracy [...] Read more.

As an example of the applicable process chain, a concave grating (1175 grooves/mm) with an active area of approx. 24 mm to 24 mm has been replicated by means of electroplating and further by injection moulding with polycarbonate, resulting in a surface accuracy even below 4 µm peak-to-valley (PV). The obtained moulds were further metallised with bare aluminium to obtain components for optical applications. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such a large nanostructured nonplanar surface has been manufactured by injection moulding in such an accuracy. Full article

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5 pages, 632 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Polyethylene Outgassing Study for MEMS Nuclear Radiation Sensor

by Dheraaj Kumar, Julien Philippe, Samuel Charlot, Sandrine Assié, Aurélie Lecestre, André Ferrand, Hervé Aubert and Patrick Pons

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 718; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130718 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1332

Abstract

In this paper, the out-gassing from PolyEthylene (PE) film is studied under nuclear irradiation for the design and fabrication of passive MEMS dosimeters. The fabrication of sensor needs high temperature process that leads to specific constraints on the PE film. Radiation chemical yield [...] Read more.

In this paper, the out-gassing from PolyEthylene (PE) film is studied under nuclear irradiation for the design and fabrication of passive MEMS dosimeters. The fabrication of sensor needs high temperature process that leads to specific constraints on the PE film. Radiation chemical yield of hydrogen production (G_H2) from PE under gamma irradiation is verified by mass spectroscopy after temperature annealing in vacuum up to 400 °C. Prototypes are fabricated to validate the fabrication of the sensor and then irradiated with high energy gamma radiation (with dose of 20 kGy). Measurements of membrane deflections after irradiation validate the G_H2 factor, showing low pollution level of PE during sensor fabrication. Full article

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5 pages, 1084 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Cross-Sensitivity of an Optomechanical MEMS Transducer

by Harald Steiner, Andreas Kainz, Michael Stifter, Matthias Kahr, Gabor Kovacs, Franz Keplinger and Wilfried Hortschitz

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 719; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130719 - 3 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1699

Abstract

This work presents the investigation on a MEMS based optomechanical transducer for displacements or vibration regarding its cross-sensitivities to multidirectional input excitations. The principle of the optomechanical transducer is based on the modulation of the light flux passing through one static and one [...] Read more.

This work presents the investigation on a MEMS based optomechanical transducer for displacements or vibration regarding its cross-sensitivities to multidirectional input excitations. The principle of the optomechanical transducer is based on the modulation of the light flux passing through one static and one movable micromechanical aperture. This kind of transducer is of increasing interest for MEMS sensors since it has inherent benefits and can compete with state-ofthe- art readout concepts regarding its resolution. We have experimentally proven that the sensitivities of the device is 3.3 × 10⁷ V/m in x-direction, 8.23 × 10⁶ V/m in y-direction, while it is negligible in z-direction. Full article

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5 pages, 2195 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Inkjet 3D Printed Micropot with Integrated Cantilever-Like Force Sensor for Growing Plant Biological Potential Measurement

by Krzysztof Adamski, Bartosz Kawa and Rafał Walczak

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 720; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130720 - 8 Jan 2019

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1645

Abstract

In this paper we present a results of fabrication of 3D printed micropot with integrated cantilever-like force sensor. Different thickness cantilevers was used. Presented micropot was use for characterization of grow Lepidium sativium. Full article

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4 pages, 635 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Gasochromic Detection of NO₂ on the Example of the Food Additive E141 (ii)

by Carolin Pannek, Karina R. Tarantik, Laura Engel, Thomas Vetter and Jürgen Wöllenstein

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 721; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130721 - 4 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1413

Abstract

We present our investigation on the gasochromic reaction of E141 (ii) towards the toxic gas nitrogen dioxide (NO2). E141 (ii) is a chlorophyllin-based food additive, typically used as green coloring for nearly all kinds of sweets. In this presentation we show an alternative [...] Read more.

We present our investigation on the gasochromic reaction of E141 (ii) towards the toxic gas nitrogen dioxide (NO2). E141 (ii) is a chlorophyllin-based food additive, typically used as green coloring for nearly all kinds of sweets. In this presentation we show an alternative approach for using E141 (ii) as optical gas indicator. All solid samples are prepared by multi-layer screen printing on different substrates like paper and PE-foil. Gas measurements are performed using an UV/Vis spectrometer. The influence of the substrate and according layer thickness is shown. Full article

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6 pages, 1002 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Screen-Printed Microcantilevers for Environmental Sensing

by Simon Grall, Hélène Debéda, Isabelle Dufour and Vincent Aubry

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 722; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130722 - 16 Jul 2019

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1271

Abstract

This work investigates different geometries for fully screen-printed self-actuated self-readout microcantilevers made using a sacrificial layer process. The microcantilevers are made of PZT sandwiched between two gold electrodes. Q-factors as high as 1300 are reported. Promising theoretical sensitivities are reported (1000 Hz/µg at [...] Read more.

This work investigates different geometries for fully screen-printed self-actuated self-readout microcantilevers made using a sacrificial layer process. The microcantilevers are made of PZT sandwiched between two gold electrodes. Q-factors as high as 1300 are reported. Promising theoretical sensitivities are reported (1000 Hz/µg at 620 kHz) and applications as humidity, temperature and particles sensor are explored in this work. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 590 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Gas Sensing Characteristics of a WO₃ Thin Film Prepared by a Sol-Gel Method

by Mitsuaki Yano, Tomoya Iwata, Satoshi Murakami, Ryouma Kamei, Taichi Inoue and Kazuto Koike

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 723; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130723 - 4 Dec 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2354

Abstract

Preparation and characterization of a WO₃-based thin film gas sensor are reported. The WO₃ film was prepared on a polished alumina substrate by a sol-gel method using an aqueous mixture solution of ammonium metatungstate hydrate and poly-vinyl alcohol, and fabricated [...] Read more.

Preparation and characterization of a WO₃-based thin film gas sensor are reported. The WO₃ film was prepared on a polished alumina substrate by a sol-gel method using an aqueous mixture solution of ammonium metatungstate hydrate and poly-vinyl alcohol, and fabricated into the gas sensor by forming interdigital electrodes on the surface. The characterization was conducted by measuring the electrical resistance change in NO, H₂, and NH₃ ambient as a function of gas concentration. It is revealed that the sensor has a specific sensitivity to NO, NO is detected as oxidizing gas although it is expected to be reducing gas, and the resistance changes with gas concentration in accordance with the Langmuir isotherm plot. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1636 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

MOEMS Based Single Chip Lorentz Force Magnetic Gradiometer

by Matthias Kahr, Michael Stifter, Harald Steiner, Wilfried Hortschitz, Gabor Kovacs, Andreas Kainz, Johannes Schalko and Franz Keplinger

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 724; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130724 - 21 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1258

Abstract

The functional principle of an optical gradient magnetic field sensor consisting of two independent laterally oscillating masses on a single chip is reported. These oscillations are caused by the Lorentz forces resulting from an alternating current through the masses interacting with a static [...] Read more.

The functional principle of an optical gradient magnetic field sensor consisting of two independent laterally oscillating masses on a single chip is reported. These oscillations are caused by the Lorentz forces resulting from an alternating current through the masses interacting with a static magnetic field. Light is modulated by relative in-plane movement of the masses and a fixed frame and subsequently detected by two photodiodes. Evaluation of magnitude and phase of the output signal reveals information about the uniformity of the magnetic field. The sensor is capable of detecting uniaxially strength and direction of magnetic gradient fields, offset gradient fields and homogeneous fields. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 426 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Equivalent Circuit-Based Open-Circuit Sensitivity Modelling of a Capacitive-Type MEMS Acoustic Sensor on Wafer Level

by Jaewoo Lee, Jong-Pil Im, Jeong-Hun Kim, Sol-Yee Lim and Seung-Eon Moon

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 725; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130725 - 10 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1155

Abstract

Equivalent circuit-based analytical open-circuit sensitivity modelling of a capacitive-type MEMS acoustic sensor for Internet of things (IoT) application is presented. It can not only evaluate simply the characteristic of the sensitivity on wafer level, but also improve the accuracy of the sensitivity due [...] Read more.

Equivalent circuit-based analytical open-circuit sensitivity modelling of a capacitive-type MEMS acoustic sensor for Internet of things (IoT) application is presented. It can not only evaluate simply the characteristic of the sensitivity on wafer level, but also improve the accuracy of the sensitivity due to including the fringing field between the diaphragm and each etching hole in the back-plate. The effective capacitor model is obtained by applying the approximately linearized electric-field method (ALEM), resulting in the equivalent circuit-based dynamic model. From the sensor with a 325 µm-radius diaphragm, the effective radius and the effective residual stress of the diaphragm were extracted to be 299 µm and +23.0 MPa, respectively. With the pull-in voltage of. 12.0 V and the pad capacitance of 0.23 pF; the open-circuit sensitivity was modelled to 11.3 mV/Pa at 1 kHz in the bias of 10 V. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 578 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Dynamic Mechanical Simulation of Miniature Silicon Membrane during Air Blast for Pressure Measurement

by Julien Veyrunes, Jérôme Riondet, André Ferrand, Maylis Lavayssière, Alexandre Lefrançois, Jérôme Luc, Hervé Aubert and Patrick Pons

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 727; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130727 - 18 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1395

Abstract

The development of new ultra-fast sensors for pressure air blast monitoring requires taking into account the very short rise time of pressure occurring during explosion. Simulations show here that the dynamic mechanical behavior of membrane-based sensors depends significantly on this rise time when [...] Read more.

The development of new ultra-fast sensors for pressure air blast monitoring requires taking into account the very short rise time of pressure occurring during explosion. Simulations show here that the dynamic mechanical behavior of membrane-based sensors depends significantly on this rise time when the fundamental mechanical resonant frequency of the membrane is higher than 10 MHz. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 469 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Characterization of a Vertical-Cavity Enhanced Detector for Narrowband Detection in the Mid-Infrared

by Lukas Rauter, Cristina Consani, Thomas Söllradl, Gerald Pühringer, Surabhi Lodha, Thomas Grille and Bernhard Jakoby

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 728; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130728 - 25 Feb 2019

Viewed by 1268

Abstract

In this work we present the experimental characterization of a vertical-cavity enhanced resonant detector (VERD) optimized for detection in the mid-infrared. We demonstrate that the VERD shows a 7.1 times higher absorption and responsivity at 4.26 µm compared to a bare metal absorber. [...] Read more.

In this work we present the experimental characterization of a vertical-cavity enhanced resonant detector (VERD) optimized for detection in the mid-infrared. We demonstrate that the VERD shows a 7.1 times higher absorption and responsivity at 4.26 µm compared to a bare metal absorber. As such this design can be easily optimized and integrated to specifically enhance the absorption around the design wavelength. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 436 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Highly Confined Love Waves Modes by Defects States in a Phononic Crystal Based on Holey-SiO₂/ST-Cut Quartz Structure

by Yu-Xin Liu, Abdelkrim Talbi, Philippe Pernod and Olivier Bou Matar

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 729; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130729 - 13 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1679

Abstract

We investigate the properties of highly confined Love modes in a phononic crystal based on an array of holes made in SiO₂ deposited on ST-cut Quartz substrate. An optimal choice of the geometrical parameters of the holes enables us to obtain wide [...] Read more.

We investigate the properties of highly confined Love modes in a phononic crystal based on an array of holes made in SiO₂ deposited on ST-cut Quartz substrate. An optimal choice of the geometrical parameters of the holes enables us to obtain wide stop-bands frequency for shear wave’s modes. The introduction of defect by removing lines of holes leads to nearly flat modes within the band gap and consequently paves the way to implement advanced design of electroacoustic filters and high-performance cavity resonators based on shear wave modes. The calculations are performed using finite element method based on the commercial software (COMSOL-Multiphysics). For transmission spectra, piezoelectric excitations are applied by considering the interdigital transducers, with results corroborating well the band structure predictions and the position of defects modes within the band gap. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 604 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Multilayered, Package-Less SAW Sensors: Latest Developments

by Pascal Nicolay, Hugo Chambon and Thomas Moldaschl

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 730; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130730 - 10 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1117

Abstract

Passive and wireless SAW sensors can operate in extreme environment. However, there is no mass-market application for this technology yet, due notably to the lack of an adequate sensor housing solution. Package-less SAW sensors are therefore promising. Here, guided waves that propagate in [...] Read more.

Passive and wireless SAW sensors can operate in extreme environment. However, there is no mass-market application for this technology yet, due notably to the lack of an adequate sensor housing solution. Package-less SAW sensors are therefore promising. Here, guided waves that propagate in a protective multilayer structure are used, instead of SAWs. However, issues will arise from the use of a multilayer structure. In particular, thermo-mechanical effects will impact the behavior of the devices. A solution must also be found to embed the antenna in the stack. We present here the results of a numerical study of the thermo-mechanical effects, in two package-less structures. One possible antenna design is proposed and evaluated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 532 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Portable & Disposable Ultra-Low Velocity Flow Sensor from Bioinspired Hair-Like Microstructures

by Harish Devaraj, Rajnish Sharma, Enrico Haemmerle and Kean Aw

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 731; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130731 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1218

Abstract

We present, for the first time, the design, development and testing of a portable ultra-low
velocity flow sensor with a disposable architecture for use in medical applications. 3Dmicroprinting
technique was used to fabricate high aspect ratio microscopic hair-like structures
from conducting polymers, in [...] Read more.

We present, for the first time, the design, development and testing of a portable ultra-low
velocity flow sensor with a disposable architecture for use in medical applications. 3Dmicroprinting
technique was used to fabricate high aspect ratio microscopic hair-like structures
from conducting polymers, in particular, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene-sulfonate
(PEDOT:PSS). These high aspect ratio micro-hairs are flexible and conductive that can respond to
air flowing over them. A disposable and portable flow sensor with a modular design that allows
tuning of measurement range was developed, for integration with an automated neonatal
resuscitator to provide closed-loop feedback. The developed portable sensor architecture is capable
of real-time indication of the air flow velocity range down to few millimeters/second. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 339 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Printing of Soft Stretch Sensor from Carbon Black Composites

by Yuteng Zhu, Mahtab Assadian, Maziar Ramezani and Kean C. Aw

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 732; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130732 - 10 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1813

Abstract

Demand for highly stretchable mechanical sensors for use in the fields of soft robotics and wearable sensors has been constantly rising. Carbon based materials as piezo-resistive material are low-cost and have been widely used. In this paper instead of using the controversial carbon-nanotubes, [...] Read more.

Demand for highly stretchable mechanical sensors for use in the fields of soft robotics and wearable sensors has been constantly rising. Carbon based materials as piezo-resistive material are low-cost and have been widely used. In this paper instead of using the controversial carbon-nanotubes, carbon black nano-particles mixed with Ecoflex^® as piezo-resistive nanocomposite are used and measure strain up to 100%. Two fabrication techniques incorporating the printing (namely-“layer-upon-layer” and “embedded”) of the carbon black nanocomposite will be explored and the performances of the sensors made from these techniques will be evaluated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 315 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Electromechanical Modelling of a Piezoelectric Stack Energy Harvester

by Matthew Evans, Lihua Tang, Chris Bowen, Aiguo P. Hu, Kai Tao and Kean Aw

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 733; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130733 - 18 Dec 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1588

Abstract

In this paper, the behavior of a piezoelectric stack generator subject to a direct mechanical force, such as that experienced by pedestrian loads, is characterized and modelled. A lumped element model is developed that describes the electrical output of piezoelectric stack generators for [...] Read more.

In this paper, the behavior of a piezoelectric stack generator subject to a direct mechanical force, such as that experienced by pedestrian loads, is characterized and modelled. A lumped element model is developed that describes the electrical output of piezoelectric stack generators for quasi-static, off-resonance and random input conditions which are typical of underfloor or supporting structure energy harvesters. This research demonstrates the ability for accurate predictions of output voltage and current based on the material properties and geometry of the piezoelectric stack. The behavior of real-world random loading patterns is incorporated in the model, pairing mechanical input with interfacing circuitry requirements in order to maximize energy transfer. The developed model facilitates time-efficient design by reducing the simulation time to the order of seconds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 472 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Prototype System for the Detection of Volatile Hydrocarbons in Water

by Alexey A. Vasiliev, Mikhail Yu. Yablokov and Andrey V. Sokolov

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 734; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130734 - 4 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1273

Abstract

Detection of dissolved methane and volatile hydrocarbons in water is a problem met in
leakage localization during exploitation of underwater pipelines, oil and oil product spill over water
surface, geological exploration work for the localization of oil and gas fields under water, etc. [...] Read more.

Detection of dissolved methane and volatile hydrocarbons in water is a problem met in
leakage localization during exploitation of underwater pipelines, oil and oil product spill over water
surface, geological exploration work for the localization of oil and gas fields under water, etc. This
problem can be solved by the application of detection system based on tubular selective membrane
permeable for volatile organics and impenetrable for liquid water. Carrier gas (air) flowing through
this tube is saturated with dissolved gas and then gas concentration is measured using
semiconductor or other gas sensor. The system prototype was tested under laboratory conditions
and demonstrated low limit of gas detection (~20 ppb by mass of dissolved methane in water) and
short response time (~10 s). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 439 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Quartz Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Based Gas Sensor with a Custom Quartz Tuning Fork

by Maxime Duquesnoy, Guillaume Aoust, Jean-Michel Melkonian, Raphaël Lévy, Myriam Raybaut and Antoine Godard

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 735; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130735 - 10 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1369

Abstract

We have fabricated a custom quartz tuning fork (QTF) with a reduced fundamental frequency, a larger gap between the prongs and the best quality factor in air at atmospheric conditions ever reported. Acoustic microresonators have been added to the QTF, these were optimized [...] Read more.

We have fabricated a custom quartz tuning fork (QTF) with a reduced fundamental frequency, a larger gap between the prongs and the best quality factor in air at atmospheric conditions ever reported. Acoustic microresonators have been added to the QTF, these were optimized through experiments. We demonstrate a normalized noise equivalent absorption of 3.7 × 10⁻⁹ W·cm⁻¹·Hz^−1/2 for CO₂ detection at atmospheric pressure. Influence of the inner diameter and length of the microresonators has been studied as well as the penetration depth between the QTF prongs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 713 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Intellectual Thermoconductometric Unit Based on Aerosol Printed Ceramic MEMS Sensor for the Measurement of Natural Gas Composition

by Alexey Vasiliev, Ilia Shakhnovich, Nikolay Samotaev, Daniil Anisimov, Jan Dziuban and Pawel Knapkiewicz

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 736; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130736 - 24 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1413

Abstract

The online control of natural gas quality is important for customers, because for them the important value is calorific value of consumed gas, but not its volume. The application of thermoconductometric sensor gives simple possibility to fabricate imbedded intellectual plug-and-play device for this [...] Read more.

The online control of natural gas quality is important for customers, because for them the important value is calorific value of consumed gas, but not its volume. The application of thermoconductometric sensor gives simple possibility to fabricate imbedded intellectual plug-and-play device for this control. The ceramic MEMS sensor based on a combination of this ceramic LTCC membrane and aerosol jet printed platinum microheater was used as a sensing element of this unit. The electronic unit controlling the sensor was designed to stabilize the temperature of the microheater and to measure power necessary to maintain this temperature at different concentrations of N₂and CO₂ in natural gas. The application of this unit enables the measurement of admixtures of nitrogen and CO₂ with detection limit of about 1 vol. % sufficient for the application in gas meter instruments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1914 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Enzymatic Sensor Based on Dye Sensitized TiO₂ Electrode for Detection of Catechol in Water

by Armin Klumpp, Asmir Adrovic and Jamila Boudaden

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 737; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130737 - 4 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1237

Abstract

n/a Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 873 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Platinum Based Material for Additive Technology of Gas Sensors

by Alexey A. Vasiliev, Vitaliy P. Kim, Sergey V. Tkachev, Denis Yu. Kornilov, Sergey P. Gubin, Ivan S. Vlasov, Igor E. Jahatspanian and Alexy S. Sizov

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 738; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130738 - 20 Dec 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1506

Abstract

We prepared platinum nanoparticle ink usable for the fabrication of MEMS microheaters
of high-temperature gas sensors and thermoresistors operating up to 450 °C and present some
preliminary results on the application of the ink in sensor microheater manufacturing. The ink
consists of platinum [...] Read more.

We prepared platinum nanoparticle ink usable for the fabrication of MEMS microheaters
of high-temperature gas sensors and thermoresistors operating up to 450 °C and present some
preliminary results on the application of the ink in sensor microheater manufacturing. The ink
consists of platinum particles (3–8 nm) suspended in ethylene glycol solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone.
The ink is usable in both InkJet and AerosolJet printers. The annealing at temperature of about 600 °C
leads to the formation of uniform microheater structure. The experiments on microheater aging
confirm the stability of the printed microstructure at 450 °C for at least one year of operation. The
substrates used for printing were thin alumina and LTCC ceramics with thickness of 12–20 μm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 519 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Optimization of Si-Based Waveguides for Evanescent-Field Sensors

by Andreas Tortschanoff, Christian Ranacher, Cristina Consani, Thomas Grille and Mohssen Moridi

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 739; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130739 - 30 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1405

Abstract

We present a detailed study of Si-based optical waveguides, which can be used as evanescent field sensors for the quantitative analysis of various gases and liquids. Direct quantitative comparison of simulation with experimental results of directional coupling structures allows fine-tuning the material parameters [...] Read more.

We present a detailed study of Si-based optical waveguides, which can be used as evanescent field sensors for the quantitative analysis of various gases and liquids. Direct quantitative comparison of simulation with experimental results of directional coupling structures allows fine-tuning the material parameters and provides important input for future sensor design. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 534 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Tuning Material Properties of ZnO Thin Films for Advanced Sensor Applications

by Julian Pilz, Alberto Perrotta and Anna Maria Coclite

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 740; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130740 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1360

Abstract

We report on the growth of ZnO thin films by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition as a function of substrate temperature. The method to ensure self-limiting growth with precise thickness control is discussed and the effect of temperature on the texture of the thin [...] Read more.

We report on the growth of ZnO thin films by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition as a function of substrate temperature. The method to ensure self-limiting growth with precise thickness control is discussed and the effect of temperature on the texture of the thin films is presented. Switching the texture from (100) to (002) by increasing the substrate temperature is a key property for functional devices. The ZnO thin films with tailored properties could find applications in a wide range of sensors and actuators. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 835 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Commercially Fabricated Printed Circuit Board Sensing Electrodes for Biomarker Electrochemical Detection: The Importance of Electrode Surface Characteristics in Sensor Performance

by Gorachand Dutta, Anna Regoutz and Despina Moschou

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 741; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130741 - 29 Nov 2018

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2382

Abstract

Here we report the first PCB-implemented electrochemical glucose biosensor using
covalently immobilized glucose oxidase (GOx) on the commercially fabricated PCB electrode
surface, taking particular care on the electrode surface characteristics and their effect on sensor
performance. Based on the results, this assay exhibits [...] Read more.

Here we report the first PCB-implemented electrochemical glucose biosensor using
covalently immobilized glucose oxidase (GOx) on the commercially fabricated PCB electrode
surface, taking particular care on the electrode surface characteristics and their effect on sensor
performance. Based on the results, this assay exhibits a highly linear response from 500 μM to 20
mM (R = 0.9961) and a lower limit of detection of 500 μM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 371 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Reference-Electrode Free pH Sensing Using Impedance Spectroscopy

by Laura Folkertsma, Lennart Gehrenkemper, Jan Eijkel, Karin Gerritsen and Mathieu Odijk

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 742; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130742 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1466

Abstract

We present a reference-electrode free sensor able to measure both pH and conductivity
based on impedance spectroscopy. The electrode is made of a layer of indium-tin-oxide (ITO). The
impedance of this electrode at low frequencies depends on its double layer capacity, which varies
[...] Read more.

We present a reference-electrode free sensor able to measure both pH and conductivity
based on impedance spectroscopy. The electrode is made of a layer of indium-tin-oxide (ITO). The
impedance of this electrode at low frequencies depends on its double layer capacity, which varies
with pH due to modification of oxide groups at the ITO surface. At high frequencies, the impedance
is determined by the resistance in the system, which corresponds to the inverse conductivity of the
solution. Because no reference electrode is needed for this technique, miniaturization of the pH
sensor is simple. We demonstrate a proof-of-principle experiment of the sensor for human plasma
pH measurements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 774 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Optimization in the Design and Fabrication of a PZT Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducer (PMUT)

by Sina Sadeghpour and Robert Puers

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 743; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130743 - 29 Nov 2018

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1823

Abstract

This paper presents an optimized way of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) deposition in order
to selectively grow three different (100/001), (110), and (111) crystal orientation in two different
thickness ranges, thinner and thicker than 400 nm. The thickness of the PZT layer is [...] Read more.

This paper presents an optimized way of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) deposition in order
to selectively grow three different (100/001), (110), and (111) crystal orientation in two different
thickness ranges, thinner and thicker than 400 nm. The thickness of the PZT layer is also optimized
to not diminish the generated bending moment more than 10%. A 1μm PZT layer with (100/001)
dominant crystal orientation and highly columnar crystal structure is deposited and used in the
fabrication of a circular PMUT. The PMUT has a 410 μm diameter and resonates at 462 kHz with
the displacement of 1200 nm/V. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 726 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Response Time of a Fiber Bragg Grating Based Hydrogen Sensor for Transformer Monitoring

by Arvid Hunze, Rodney A. Badcock and Maximilian Fisser

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 745; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130745 - 6 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1392

Abstract

We developed and optimized a new fiber optic sensor using palladium foils attached to optical fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) for hydrogen measurements. Fifteen in parallel processed sensors were characterized and qualified in two custom tailored experimental set ups and their response to a [...] Read more.

We developed and optimized a new fiber optic sensor using palladium foils attached to optical fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) for hydrogen measurements. Fifteen in parallel processed sensors were characterized and qualified in two custom tailored experimental set ups and their response to a 5% hydrogen/nitrogen gas mixture and the same gas bubbled trough transformer oil was measured. The hydrogen response is similar for both medium and close to the theoretical maximum sensitivity, but the response time was found to be very different, much slower in oil than in gas. A theoretical comparison of hydrogen diffusion trough palladium and hydrogen absorption on the palladium surface as well as a measurement of the hydrogen uptake and diffusion trough the oil to the sensor have been done to investigate the origin of the different response time. They indicate that the response time determining step is the absorption of hydrogen on the palladium surface and that this process is slowed down in oil compared to a pure gas environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 296 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Development and Characterization of Fiber-Based Pressure Sensors

by Justus Landsiedel, Tung Pham and Thomas Bechtold

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 746; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130746 - 20 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1401

Abstract

The integration of strand-based pressure sensors directly into woven textiles is a promising strategy to maintain textile properties, such as the flexibility, and to functionalize fabrics. The development of capacitive sensing elements is often based on the construction of laminates, which adversely affect [...] Read more.

The integration of strand-based pressure sensors directly into woven textiles is a promising strategy to maintain textile properties, such as the flexibility, and to functionalize fabrics. The development of capacitive sensing elements is often based on the construction of laminates, which adversely affect the flexibility and thickness of textiles. In this paper, we present two alternative approaches by manufacturing cylindrical, pressure-sensitive, variable capacitors and twisted strand-based capacitive sensors. They lead to an easy integration method, where sensors can either be embedded or used to construct the body of textiles. In the cause of these studies, SBR/gelatin has been found to be a very useful pressure sensitive insulation system for the production of low cost capacitive sensors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 278 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Bubble Formation in Droplet Dosing Devices for Liquid Medicine

by Sebastian Hummel, Michael Haub, Martin Bogner and Hermann Sandmaier

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 747; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130747 - 30 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1476

Abstract

Droplet dosing devices for liquid medicine are widely spread in self-medication for prevention or in the event of illness. This paper presents investigations on the often unnoticed process of bubble formation in droplet dosing devices for liquid medicine which is decisive for the [...] Read more.

Droplet dosing devices for liquid medicine are widely spread in self-medication for prevention or in the event of illness. This paper presents investigations on the often unnoticed process of bubble formation in droplet dosing devices for liquid medicine which is decisive for the whole functionality of these systems. To obtain information about this process and how it affects the dosage, drip operations with an exemplary device have been evaluated. Based on these evaluations the bubble formation is explained qualitatively. Finally a mathematical approach to predict critical changes in the bubble formation process is presented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 626 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Ultra-Thin Sensor Systems Integrating Silicon Chips with On-Foil Passive and Active Components

by Mourad Elsobky, Golzar Alavi, Björn Albrecht, Thomas Deuble, Christine Harendt, Harald Richter, Zili Yu and Joachim N. Burghartz

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 748; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130748 - 3 Dec 2018

Viewed by 2053

Abstract

Hybrid System-in-Foil exploits the complementary benefits of integrating embedded silicon chips with on-foil passive and active electronic components. In this work, the design, fabrication and characterization of three on-foil components, namely a humidity sensor, near field communication antenna and organic thin-film transistors, are [...] Read more.

Hybrid System-in-Foil exploits the complementary benefits of integrating embedded silicon chips with on-foil passive and active electronic components. In this work, the design, fabrication and characterization of three on-foil components, namely a humidity sensor, near field communication antenna and organic thin-film transistors, are investigated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 504 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

SPAD-Based LiDAR Sensor in 0.35 µm Automotive CMOS with Variable Background Light Rejection

by Maik Beer, Charles Thattil, Jan F. Haase, Jennifer Ruskowski, Werner Brockherde and Rainer Kokozinski

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 749; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130749 - 23 Nov 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2447

Abstract

We present a SPAD-based LiDAR sensor fabricated in an automotive certified 0.35 µm CMOS process. Since reliable sensor operation in high ambient light environment is a crucial factor in automotive applications, four SPADs are implemented in each pixel to suppress ambient light by [...] Read more.

We present a SPAD-based LiDAR sensor fabricated in an automotive certified 0.35 µm CMOS process. Since reliable sensor operation in high ambient light environment is a crucial factor in automotive applications, four SPADs are implemented in each pixel to suppress ambient light by the detection of photon coincidences. By pixel individual adjustment of the coincidence parameters to the present ambient light condition, an almost constant measurement performance is achieved for a wide range of different target reflectance and ambient illumination levels. This technique allows the acquisition of high dynamic range scenes in a single laser shot. For measurement and demonstration purpose a LiDAR camera with the developed sensor has been built. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 2956 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Microfluidic Construction of Hierarchically Composite Superballs for Sensing Applications

by Juan Wang, Lingling Shui, Loes I. Segerink and Jan C. T. Eijkel

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 750; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130750 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1309

Abstract

Colloidal photonic crystals have attracted much attention of the scientific world due to their unique optical properties and potential applications in sensing, displays, optoelectronics, controlled superwetting and other fields. Here we report the fabrication of spherical colloidal photonic crystals featured with well-ordered nanopatterns [...] Read more.

Colloidal photonic crystals have attracted much attention of the scientific world due to their unique optical properties and potential applications in sensing, displays, optoelectronics, controlled superwetting and other fields. Here we report the fabrication of spherical colloidal photonic crystals featured with well-ordered nanopatterns from silica nanoparticles (SiO₂NPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) through a droplet-based microfluidic approach. The colloidal crystals show both the photonic band gaps (PBG) and surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) properties. These proposed hierarchically composite ‘superballs’ will have an excellent performance in sensing applications, due to the fast response (the scattering color change) to the dielectric properties of the surrounding medium. A robust and efficient strategy is proposed and demonstrated to fabricate the composite superballs with multifunctional properties, broadening the perspective of their applications by the advantages of precise control over the size of the particles and flexible change of the fluid composition. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 631 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Fabrication of a CMOS-based Imaging Chip with Monolithically Integrated RGB and NIR Filters

by Bart Vereecke, Els Van Besien, Deniz Sabuncuoglu Tezcan, Nick Spooren, Nicolaas Tack and Andy Lambrechts

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 751; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130751 - 8 Jan 2019

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1739

Abstract

Recent developments in multispectral cameras have demonstrated how compact and low-cost spectral sensors can be made by monolithically integrating filters on top of commercially available image sensors. In this paper, the fabrication of a RGB + NIR variation to such a single-chip imaging [...] Read more.

Recent developments in multispectral cameras have demonstrated how compact and low-cost spectral sensors can be made by monolithically integrating filters on top of commercially available image sensors. In this paper, the fabrication of a RGB + NIR variation to such a single-chip imaging system is described, including the integration of a metallic shield to minimize crosstalk, and two interference filters: a NIR blocking filter, and a NIR bandpass filter. This is then combined with standard polymer based RGB colour filters. Fabrication of this chip is done in imec’s 200 mm cleanroom using standard CMOS technology, except for the addition of RGB colour filters and microlenses, which is outsourced. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 562 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Narrow-Band Thermal Photonic Crystal Emitter for Mid-Infrared Applications

by Banafsheh Abasahl, Reyhaneh Jannesari and Bernhard Jakoby

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 752; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130752 - 22 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1409

Abstract

Mid-infrared (MIR) on-chip sensing on Si has been a progressive topic of research in the recent years due to excitation of vibrational and rotational bands specific to materials in this range and their immunity against visible light and electromagnetic interferences. For on-chip applications, [...] Read more.

Mid-infrared (MIR) on-chip sensing on Si has been a progressive topic of research in the recent years due to excitation of vibrational and rotational bands specific to materials in this range and their immunity against visible light and electromagnetic interferences. For on-chip applications, integration of all the optical components including the MIR source is crucial. In this work, we introduce a slab photonic crystal (PhC) thermal source where the birthplace and the filtering of the photons occur in the same region. Due to the forbidden frequency bands and high density of states in the band edge, it provides electric efficiency and filtering performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 573 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Understanding the Sensing Mechanism of Rh₂O₃ loaded In₂O₃

by Inci Boehme, Sina Herrmann, Anna Staerz, Helena Brinkmann, Udo Weimar and Nicolae Barsan

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 754; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130754 - 6 Dec 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1254

Abstract

The effect of Rh loading on CO sensing was studied for the case of In₂O₃. This was done by performing measurements with sensors based on loaded and unloaded materials that were performed at an operation temperature of 300 °C [...] Read more.

The effect of Rh loading on CO sensing was studied for the case of In₂O₃. This was done by performing measurements with sensors based on loaded and unloaded materials that were performed at an operation temperature of 300 °C in the presence of low background oxygen concentration according to an experimental procedure that was demonstrated to help clarify the reception/transduction functions of loaded Semiconducting Metal Oxides (SMOX). The experimental investigation methods were DC resistance and Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The results indicate that in the case of Rh₂O₃ loaded In₂O₃ the reaction primary takes place on the Rh2O3 cluster and the electrical properties of the In₂O₃ are controlled by the pinning of the SMOX Fermi-level to the one of the Rh₂O₃ cluster. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 392 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Frequency Splitting in MEMS Ring-based Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes Caused by Support Non-Linearity

by Violetta Di Napoli, Stewart McWilliam and Atanas A. Popov

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 755; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130755 - 21 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1228

Abstract

A mathematical model is developed to describe the 2? in-plane flexural response of supported ring-based Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes (CVGs) as the ring is driven into large amplitude vibration. Whilst the 2? degenerate modes have same resonance frequency in the linear regime, mechanical non-linearity [...] Read more.

A mathematical model is developed to describe the 2? in-plane flexural response of supported ring-based Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscopes (CVGs) as the ring is driven into large amplitude vibration. Whilst the 2? degenerate modes have same resonance frequency in the linear regime, mechanical non-linearity within the support structure induces a frequency split as the vibration amplitude increases. The origins and effects of geometrical non-linearity are investigated using the proposed analytical model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 2382 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Universal Integrated Photodetector Platform

by Alexander Nemecek, Philipp Neumann and Christian Koller

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 756; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130756 - 10 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1216

Abstract

Within this work we developed a universal integrated photodetector platform for the detection, amplification and digitalization of various optical data signals. The concept features two internal plus two external photodiodes, signal amplification and output stages each. For each application a combination of the [...] Read more.

Within this work we developed a universal integrated photodetector platform for the detection, amplification and digitalization of various optical data signals. The concept features two internal plus two external photodiodes, signal amplification and output stages each. For each application a combination of the optimal input detector, the suitable amplifier plus gain setting and the appropriate output stage can be combined individually. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 471 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Thickness-Dependent Swelling Behavior of Vapor-Deposited Hydrogel Thin Films

by Fabian Muralter, Alberto Perrotta and Anna Maria Coclite

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 757; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130757 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1221

Abstract

Hydrogel thin films containing temperature sensitive chemical functionalities (such as N-isopropylacrylamide, NIPAAm) are particularly interesting for sensor and actuator setups. Complex 3D structures can be conformally coated by the solvent free technique initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition, with precise control over chemical composition [...] Read more.

Hydrogel thin films containing temperature sensitive chemical functionalities (such as N-isopropylacrylamide, NIPAAm) are particularly interesting for sensor and actuator setups. Complex 3D structures can be conformally coated by the solvent free technique initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition, with precise control over chemical composition and film thickness. In this study, NIPAAm-based thin films with film thicknesses ranging from tens to several hundreds of nanometers and with different amounts of cross-linking were deposited. Above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), these films repel out water and hence shrink. The amount of cross-linking and the deposited film thickness were successfully identified to both affect shape and position of the LCST transition of these systems: a promising basis for tuning response properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 817 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

V₂O₅ Thin Films as Nitrogen Dioxide Sensors

by Krystyna Schneider and Wojciech Maziarz

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 759; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130759 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1189

Abstract

V₂O₅ thin films were deposited onto insulating support (either fused silica or alumina) by means of rf reactive sputtering from a metallic vanadium target. Argon-oxygen gas mixtures of different compositions controlled by the flow rates were used for sputtering. X-ray [...] Read more.

V₂O₅ thin films were deposited onto insulating support (either fused silica or alumina) by means of rf reactive sputtering from a metallic vanadium target. Argon-oxygen gas mixtures of different compositions controlled by the flow rates were used for sputtering. X-ray diffraction at glancing incidence (GIXD) and Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) were used for structural and phase characterization. Optical transmittance and reflectance spectra were recorded with a Lambda 19 Perkin-Elmer double spectrophotometer. Thickness of the films was determined from the profilometry. It has been confirmed by GIXD that the deposited films are composed of V₂O₅ phase. The estimated optical band gap was ca. 2.5 eV. The gas sensing properties of V₂O₅ thin films were investigated at RT-690 K towards NO₂ gas of 0–20 ppm. The results indicated that material exhibited good response and reversibility towards nitrogen dioxide. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 455 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

An Innovative Liquid Biosensor for the Detection of Lipid Molecules Involved in Diseases of the Nervous System

by Simone Grasso, Marco Santonico, Tiziana Bisogno, Giorgio Pennazza, Alessandro Zompanti, Anna Sabatini and Mauro Maccarrone

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 760; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130760 - 27 Nov 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1484

Abstract

Growing evidence suggests that endocannabinoid levels are modulated during pathological conditions affecting both central and peripheral nervous system. In the present study, a novel approach (patent pending) based on an innovative liquid biosensor has been used to analyze two relevant endocannabinoid molecules with [...] Read more.

Growing evidence suggests that endocannabinoid levels are modulated during pathological conditions affecting both central and peripheral nervous system. In the present study, a novel approach (patent pending) based on an innovative liquid biosensor has been used to analyze two relevant endocannabinoid molecules with calibration purposes: N-arachidonoylethanolamine and 2-arachidonoylglycerol. The system was able to predict both compound concentrations with a Root Mean Square Error in Cross Validation (RMSECV) of 6.61 nM and 23.50 nM, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 462 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Sensor System for the Monitoring of Production Processes of Low FODMAP Food

by Marco Santonico, Simone Grasso, Giorgio Pennazza, Luca Vollero, Fabio Campoli, Alessandro Zompanti, Giuseppe Ferri and Luca Piretta

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 761; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130761 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1292

Abstract

Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorder. Despite its high prevalence, the factors responsible for the onset of the clinical symptoms are not clear yet. Recently, there was growing evidence the origin of IBS resides in a number of [...] Read more.

Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorder. Despite its high prevalence, the factors responsible for the onset of the clinical symptoms are not clear yet. Recently, there was growing evidence the origin of IBS resides in a number of fermentable short-chain carbohydrates called FODMAPs. The present study assessed the possibility of using a multisensory system to detect the presence of FODMAPs in foods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 233 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Films of Polyphthalocyanines for Gas Sensitivity Study at Low Temperatures

by Sergey Krutovertsev, Alla Sherle, Olga Ivanova and Alla Tarasova

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 762; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130762 - 29 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1231

Abstract

Phthalocyanines and their analogs have practical interest at development devices with low consumption because these materials are known to considerably modify their electrophysical properties on adsorption of the active gases at low temperatures. The conductivity, resistance-temperature relationship, sensor properties relative to NO, O [...] Read more.

Phthalocyanines and their analogs have practical interest at development devices with low consumption because these materials are known to considerably modify their electrophysical properties on adsorption of the active gases at low temperatures. The conductivity, resistance-temperature relationship, sensor properties relative to NO, O₂ and H₂S of films based on oligo-(OPc) and polyphthalocyanines (PPc) containing Co, Cu, Fe and Mn were investigated in the present work. Polymeric films were deposited on the test structures with a pair of interdigital metal electrodes. The sensor’s active area was 4.0 × 4.0 mm, and electrode gap was egual 0.08 mm. The sensitive layers were formed by two methods. The soluble OPcs were deposited from their saturated dimethylformamide solutions and insoluble PPcs were deposited by the thermal sputtering in vacuum. The investigations were carried out under the sensor thermal stabilization conditions in the range 50–250 °C with the constant values of the heater resistance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 497 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Experimental Demonstration of Stray-Field Immunity beyond 5 mT for an Automotive-Grade Rotary Position Sensor

by Nicolas Dupré, Olivier Dubrulle, Samuel Huber, Jan-Willem Burssens, Christian Schott and Gael Close

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 763; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130763 - 10 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3201

Abstract

This paper experimentally demonstrates the stray-field robustness capability of a novel Hall-based rotary position sensor concept (Huber, S., et al, 2018). The sensor targets safety-related automotive applications, for example powertrain and power steering. In these applications, the safety requirement specifies a maximum stray-field [...] Read more.

This paper experimentally demonstrates the stray-field robustness capability of a novel Hall-based rotary position sensor concept (Huber, S., et al, 2018). The sensor targets safety-related automotive applications, for example powertrain and power steering. In these applications, the safety requirement specifies a maximum stray-field induced error of 0.4°. Therefore, the robustness in corner cases needs to be assessed. We demonstrate the stray-field immunity in multiple corner cases for temperature from −40 °C up to 160 °C and over lifetime. The impact of a uniform 5 mT stray field over all conditions (3σ) is shown to be less than 0.25°. The fully-integrated automotive-qualified sensor is implemented in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology, and achieves 0.7° of angular accuracy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 733 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

An Optical Inclinometer Exploiting Magnetic Fluids

by Bruno Andò, Salvatore Baglio, Vincenzo Marletta and Antonio Pistorio

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 764; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130764 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1063

Abstract

Among sensors using magnetic fluids, inclinometers are seriously addressed by the scientific community. This paper deals with an optical inclinometer exploiting a ferrofluid (FF) mass, a magnetic shaping system and an InfraRed (IR) readout strategy. A dedicated paradigm is also proposed, with the [...] Read more.

Among sensors using magnetic fluids, inclinometers are seriously addressed by the scientific community. This paper deals with an optical inclinometer exploiting a ferrofluid (FF) mass, a magnetic shaping system and an InfraRed (IR) readout strategy. A dedicated paradigm is also proposed, with the aim of defining a calibration model relating the inclinometer output quantity to the imposed tilt. The working range of the inclinometer is [−15°–15°]; the sensor accuracy and resolution are 0.61° and 0.005°, respectively. Moreover, the device shows a span-to-resolution ratio of 6 × 10³. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 728 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Gas Sensor with BLE connectivity for Wearable Applications _†

by Alessandro Zompanti, Marco Santonico, Luca Vollero, Simone Grasso, Anna Sabatini, Federico Mereu, Arnaldo D’Amico and Giorgio Pennazza

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 765; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130765 - 21 Nov 2018

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1509

Abstract

The technological development of the last few years in the field of integrated electronic components has encouraged the use of wearable electronic devices. In the biomedical field, this improvement allows the registration and analysis of numerous values, starting from environmental parameters up to [...] Read more.

The technological development of the last few years in the field of integrated electronic components has encouraged the use of wearable electronic devices. In the biomedical field, this improvement allows the registration and analysis of numerous values, starting from environmental parameters up to the vital parameters of a subject, without interfering with the normal daily activities of the individual. In this context, the present work is focused on the design, development and evaluation of a low power wearable and wireless electronic interface able to acquire and transmit signals generated by a gas sensor, based on electrochemical technology, to monitor air quality through the measurement of O2 and CO2 concentration. Among the existing wireless technologies, it was decided to use Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) as it allows data transmission to multiple types of external devices, such as PCs and smartphones with low power consumption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1979 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Imaging Fluorophore-Labelled Intestinal Tissue via Fluorescence Endoscope Capsule

by James Beeley, Gianluca Melino, Mohammed Al-Rawahani, Mihnea Turcanu, Fraser Stewart, Sandy Cochran and David Cumming

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 766; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130766 - 27 Nov 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2070

Abstract

The authors have developed a wireless fluorescence imaging capsule endoscope, potentially capable of detecting early signs of disease in the human intestine which can be missed by white-light imaging (WLI) capsule endoscopy (Figure 1). Intestinal fluorescence imaging exploits variations in tissue autofluorescence between [...] Read more.

The authors have developed a wireless fluorescence imaging capsule endoscope, potentially capable of detecting early signs of disease in the human intestine which can be missed by white-light imaging (WLI) capsule endoscopy (Figure 1). Intestinal fluorescence imaging exploits variations in tissue autofluorescence between healthy and diseased areas in response to illumination, or application of fluorescent labels which preferentially bind to diseased sites. To validate the capsule’s capability to image fluorescently-labelled tissue, a small area of a sample of ex vivo porcine small intestine was sonicated with 6 nm CdZnMg fluorescent quantum dots, and the labelled area clearly differentiated from surrounding tissue by the fluorescence imaging capsule. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 515 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

MEMS Non-Absorbing Electromagnetic Power Sensor Employing the Effect of Radiation Pressure

by Ivan Ryger, Alexandra Artusio-Glimpse, Paul Williams, Gordon Shaw, Matthew Simons, Christopher Holloway and John Lehman

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 767; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130767 - 24 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1653

Abstract

We demonstrate a compact electromagnetic power sensor based on force effects of electromagnetic radiation onto a highly reflective mirror surface. Unlike the conventional power measurement approach, the photons are not absorbed and can be further used in the investigated system. In addition, the [...] Read more.

We demonstrate a compact electromagnetic power sensor based on force effects of electromagnetic radiation onto a highly reflective mirror surface. Unlike the conventional power measurement approach, the photons are not absorbed and can be further used in the investigated system. In addition, the exerted force is frequency-independent, yielding a wide measurement frequency span being practically limited by the wavelength-dependent mirror reflection coefficient. The mechanical arrangement of two sensing elements in tandem suppresses the influence of gravity and vibrations on the power reading. We achieve a noise floor of about 1 W/√Hz and speed of 100 ms, being practically limited by sensor’s dynamics and lock-in amplifier filter settling time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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7 pages, 991 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Programmable 3-Channel Acoustic Wake-Up Interface Enabling Always-On Detection of Underwater Events within 20 µA

by Dinko Oletic, Marko Gazivoda and Vedran Bilas

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 768; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130768 - 23 Nov 2018

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1375

Abstract

We present an always-on acoustic wake-up sensor interface, designed for prolonging the autonomy of energy-hungry hardware for underwater acoustic surveillance. Proposed design enables the detection of a passing ship by simultaneous listening up to three arbitrarily defined frequency-bands within the 2.5 kHz range, [...] Read more.

We present an always-on acoustic wake-up sensor interface, designed for prolonging the autonomy of energy-hungry hardware for underwater acoustic surveillance. Proposed design enables the detection of a passing ship by simultaneous listening up to three arbitrarily defined frequency-bands within the 2.5 kHz range, and generates a wake-up signal upon finding a match with a digitally preset template describing signal’s discriminatory time-frequency features. In this paper, we propose the architecture of such fully programmable, multichannel, mixed-signal wake- up circuit. We show the implementation of a PCB prototype, characterize its sensitivity, analyze its current consumption, and verify its response on real-world hydrophone recordings. It is demonstrated that the design consumes only 6.4 µA per channel (in total <20 µA) with ultra-low- power COTS components, while listening. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 709 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Improvement Methods for Colorimetric Gas Sensor for Use in Indoor Livestock Farming

by Jan-Kees Boerman, Jan-Kees van Harberden, Carolin Pannek, Katrin Schmitt, Karina R. Tarantik, Marie-Luise Bauersfeld and Jürgen Wöllenstein

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 769; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130769 - 25 Feb 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1440

Abstract

Different published colorimetric sensors were investigated with the ultimate goal to develop a colorimetric sensor for a closed livestock farm, applicable in a rough environment. The methods were investigated to improve the lack of sensitivity, roughness, and reproduction of colorimetric sensors. The methods [...] Read more.

Different published colorimetric sensors were investigated with the ultimate goal to develop a colorimetric sensor for a closed livestock farm, applicable in a rough environment. The methods were investigated to improve the lack of sensitivity, roughness, and reproduction of colorimetric sensors. The methods investigated varied from changing matrices, changing substrates, treatment of the substrates, and investigation of the distribution by camera of the chemical thin layer and investigation on temperature, water and cross interference of several other gases in the livestock gas matrix. Results showed that with changing several important parameters, other than only the choice of a color indicator results in a serious improvement of the sensor specification and an improved performance necessary for the rough circumstances in livestock farming. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 586 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Study of Two Vanadium Based Materials as Working Electrode for Developing A Selective Mixed-Potential Ammonia Sensor

by Gita Nematbakhsh Abkenar, Jean-Paul Viricelle, Mathilde Rieu and Philippe Breuil

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 770; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130770 - 23 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1255

Abstract

Mixed potential ammonia gas sensors were fabricated by using two sensing materials of Ni₃V₂O₈ and Au-V₂O₅ as working electrodes, YSZ as electrolyte and platinum as reference electrode. The results have shown that the Ni₃ [...] Read more.

Mixed potential ammonia gas sensors were fabricated by using two sensing materials of Ni₃V₂O₈ and Au-V₂O₅ as working electrodes, YSZ as electrolyte and platinum as reference electrode. The results have shown that the Ni₃V₂O₈ sensors show cross-sensitivity toward NO gas. However, Au-V₂O₅ working electrodes displayed a high sensitivity to NH₃ as well as fast response and recovery times at high temperatures. Furthermore, the results indicate that the selectivity of Au-V₂O₅ sensors increases by increasing temperature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 712 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Fast Enthalpy-Sensing Microsystem Operating in Continuous Flow

by Taoufik Mhammedi, Lionel Camberlein, Frédéric Polet, Bruno Bêche and Etienne Gaviot

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 771; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130771 - 28 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1117

Abstract

A new microsystem, designed to detect and measure in real time the enthalpy of mixing of two fluid-constituents is presented. A preliminary approach to arrange miniaturized batch-cells allowing detecting enthalpy of dilution or mixing is first discussed. Then, a coherent rationale leading to [...] Read more.

A new microsystem, designed to detect and measure in real time the enthalpy of mixing of two fluid-constituents is presented. A preliminary approach to arrange miniaturized batch-cells allowing detecting enthalpy of dilution or mixing is first discussed. Then, a coherent rationale leading to structure devices operating in real time is formulated, considering the straightforward assessment of heat flux transducers (HFTs) capability. Basic thermodynamic observations regarding analogy between thermal and electrical systems are highlighted prior consideration of practical examples involving mixing of water and alcohols. Fundamentals about HFTs design are highlighted before presenting an adequate way to integrate both functions of mixing and measuring the entailed heat exchange as two continuously flowing fluids interact with each other. Then, a prototype of such a dedicated device is discussed with its relevant expected performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 949 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design and Fabrication of MOS Type Gas Sensor with Vertically Integrated Heater Using CMOS-MEMS Technology

by Ya-Chu Lee, Ping-Lin Yang, Chun-I Chang and Weileun Fang

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 772; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130772 - 19 Dec 2018

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2759

Abstract

This study implements the metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) type gas sensor using the TSMC 0.35 μm 2P4M process. The gas concentration is detected based on the resistance change measured by the proposed sensor. This design has three merits: (1) low-cost post-CMOS process using metal/oxide wet [...] Read more.

This study implements the metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) type gas sensor using the TSMC 0.35 μm 2P4M process. The gas concentration is detected based on the resistance change measured by the proposed sensor. This design has three merits: (1) low-cost post-CMOS process using metal/oxide wet etching, (2) composite sensing material based on ZnO-SnO₂ coating on the CMOS-MEMS structure, (3) vertical integration of heater and ZnO-SnO₂ gas-sensing films using CMOS-MEMS and drop casting technologies. Proposed design significantly increase the sensitivity at the high operating temperature. In summary, the sensitivity of presented sensor increased from 0.04%/% (O₂/N₂) at near room operating temperature to 0.2%/%(O₂/N₂) at near 140 °C for the range of 5–50% oxygen concentration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 507 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

System Level Simulations of an Open Photo-Acoustic Gas Sensor

by Cecilia Carbonelli, Andrea Hollenbach, Wolfgang Furtner and David Tumpold

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 773; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130773 - 20 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1601

Abstract

This document deals with a new approach to the system level modeling of open photo-acoustic gas sensors (PAS) for CO₂ sensing applications. The complex nature of the sensor calls for a flexible co-simulation environment which combines diverse domains and physical quantities such [...] Read more.

This document deals with a new approach to the system level modeling of open photo-acoustic gas sensors (PAS) for CO₂ sensing applications. The complex nature of the sensor calls for a flexible co-simulation environment which combines diverse domains and physical quantities such as pressure, temperature, voltage and electrical power. After validation against laboratory measurements, the system model can be used to investigate different package or hardware options, to evaluate the impact of different types of coupling (e.g., electrical or acoustic) and explore new algorithms and signal processing methods for more accurate gas concentration estimates. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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6 pages, 2758 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Optimizing Paste Formulation for Improving the Performances of CMOS-Based MOx Chemiresistors Prepared by Ink-Jet Printing

by Claudio Zuliani, Lisa Jerg, Alison Hart, Wolfram Simmendinger, Malick Camara and Zeeshan Ali

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 774; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130774 - 29 Nov 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1283

Abstract

CMOS-based devices and the control of the materials properties by nanotechnology enabled significant progresses in the field of metal chemiresistors for gas sensing applications both in terms of miniaturization and performances (e.g., gas sensitivity). In this regard, ink-jet printing is a powerful technique [...] Read more.

CMOS-based devices and the control of the materials properties by nanotechnology enabled significant progresses in the field of metal chemiresistors for gas sensing applications both in terms of miniaturization and performances (e.g., gas sensitivity). In this regard, ink-jet printing is a powerful technique to achieve high-volume production and meet the emerging consumer market demands. The paste formulation is an obvious aspect to consider for achieving a viscosity range suitable for ink-jet printing. More importantly, it is often an underestimated task which impacts the gas response of the resulting chemiresistors in terms of sensitivity, cross-sensitivity and baseline drift. In this manuscript, the effects on the film morphology and gas response upon removing ethyl-cellulose from the paste formulation is reported. Improvements in terms of sensitivity and baseline drift were observed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 676 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

IR Absorbance as a Criterion for Temperature Compensation in Nondispersive Infrared Gas Sensor

by Jin-Ho Kim, Han-Gil Park and Seung-Hwan Yi

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 775; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130775 - 21 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1462

Abstract

Nondispersive infrared (NDIR) CO₂ gas sensor was developed by using White-cell structure and tried to compensate the temperature effects in order to monitor CO₂ concentrations without hindering the temperature variations. However, the absorptions of infrared light depend on not only the [...] Read more.

Nondispersive infrared (NDIR) CO₂ gas sensor was developed by using White-cell structure and tried to compensate the temperature effects in order to monitor CO₂ concentrations without hindering the temperature variations. However, the absorptions of infrared light depend on not only the temperatures but also CO₂ concentrations. Thus, a single Beer-Lambert law couldn’t properly describe the tendency of voltage decrements within full scale input (FSI, 0 to 5000 ppm) because it was affected by both parameters. In this article, the absorbance of infrared light is defined according to the concentrations of CO₂ gas. Then, a new temperature compensation algorithm has been implemented into micro-controller unit (MCU), the measurement errors were within ±3.6% as the temperature-dependent absorbance was chosen at 1450 ppm CO₂ concentrations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 348 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

On-Chip Thermal Insulation Using Porous GaN

by Bogdan F. Spiridon, Peter H. Griffin, John C. Jarman, Yingjun Liu, Tongtong Zhu, Andrea De Luca, Rachel A. Oliver and Florin Udrea

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 776; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130776 - 10 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1705

Abstract

This study focuses on the thermal characterization of porous gallium nitride (GaN) using
an extended 3ω method. Porous semiconductor materials provide a solution to the need for on-chip
thermal insulation, a fundamental requirement for low-power, high-speed and high-accuracy
thermal sensors. Thermal insulation is [...] Read more.

This study focuses on the thermal characterization of porous gallium nitride (GaN) using
an extended 3ω method. Porous semiconductor materials provide a solution to the need for on-chip
thermal insulation, a fundamental requirement for low-power, high-speed and high-accuracy
thermal sensors. Thermal insulation is especially important in GaN devices, due to the intrinsically
high thermal conductivity of the material. The results show one order of magnitude reduction in
thermal conductivity, from 130 W/mK to 10 W/mK, in line with theoretical predictions for porous
materials. This achievement is encouraging in the quest for integrating sensors with opto-, powerand
RF-electronics on a single GaN chip. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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6 pages, 407 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Performance Degradations of MISFET-Based Hydrogen Sensors with Pd-Ta₂O₅-SiO₂-Si Structure at Long-Time Operation

by Boris Podlepetsky, Marina Nikiforova and Andrew Kovalenko

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 777; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130777 - 10 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1149

Abstract

There are presented the generalized results of studies of performance degradation of hydrogen sensors based on MISFET with structure Pd-Ta₂O₅-SiO₂-Si. It was shown how responses’ parameters change during long-term tests of sensors under repeated hydrogen impacts. There [...] Read more.

There are presented the generalized results of studies of performance degradation of hydrogen sensors based on MISFET with structure Pd-Ta₂O₅-SiO₂-Si. It was shown how responses’ parameters change during long-term tests of sensors under repeated hydrogen impacts. There were found two stages of time-dependence response’ instability, the degradation degree of which depends on operating conditions, hydrogen concentrations and time. To interpret results there were proposed the models, parameters of which were calculated using experimental data. These models can be used to predict performances of MISFET-based devices for long-time operation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 598 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Photoelectrochemical Imaging Using Carbon Dots (CDs) Derived from Chitosan

by Dewen Zhang, Nikolaos Papaioannou, Maria-Magdalena Titirici and Steffi Krause

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 778; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130778 - 10 Dec 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1408

Abstract

Carbon dots (CDs) derived from chitosan via a solvothermal method were covalently
linked to an indium tin oxide (ITO) surface and showed a direct photoelectrochemical response.
We attribute the photocurrent of the ITO-silane-CD surface to a photogenerated electron-transfer
process by CDs under illumination. [...] Read more.

Carbon dots (CDs) derived from chitosan via a solvothermal method were covalently
linked to an indium tin oxide (ITO) surface and showed a direct photoelectrochemical response.
We attribute the photocurrent of the ITO-silane-CD surface to a photogenerated electron-transfer
process by CDs under illumination. The ITO-silane-CD surface was successfully used for
ac-photocurrent imaging. This opens up new applications for CDs as biocompatible and
light-addressable electrochemical sensors in bioimaging applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 575 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Thin-Film Thermoelectric Generator for Large-Area Applications

by Kirsi Tappura and Kaarle Jaakkola

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 779; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130779 - 10 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1568

Abstract

A thin-film thermoelectric generator (TEG) applying a novel folded design where both the heat flux and current flow are in the plane of the thin-film is presented. The performance of the first fabricated devices is demonstrated and the results compared with the computational [...] Read more.

A thin-film thermoelectric generator (TEG) applying a novel folded design where both the heat flux and current flow are in the plane of the thin-film is presented. The performance of the first fabricated devices is demonstrated and the results compared with the computational ones. The produced power is analyzed against the power requirements of a wireless sensor node and it is shown that a thermoelectric module of the area of <1 m² consisting of the novel TEG units is able to power a wireless sensor node of various sensors applicable e.g., to environmental monitoring of a building. The integration of energy-autonomous sensors for multifunctional smart windows providing the required temperature gradient is anticipated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 687 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Bio-Impedance Non-Contact Radiofrequency Sensor for the Characterization of Burn Depth in Organic Tissues

by Thi Hong Nhung Dinh, Stéphane Serfaty and Pierre-Yves Joubert

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 780; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130780 - 13 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1347

Abstract

flat circular transmission-line based 300 MHz resonator is implemented for the noncontact
assessment of burn depths in biological tissue. Used as a transmit-and-receive sensor, it is
placed here at a 2 mm distance from organic material test samples (pork fillet samples) which have
[...] Read more.

flat circular transmission-line based 300 MHz resonator is implemented for the noncontact
assessment of burn depths in biological tissue. Used as a transmit-and-receive sensor, it is
placed here at a 2 mm distance from organic material test samples (pork fillet samples) which have
been previously heated on one face in various heating conditions involving various temperatures,
durations and procedures. Data extracted from the sensor by means of a distant monitoring coil
were found to clearly correlate with the depth of burn observed on the tissue samples (up to 40%
sensor output changes for a 7 mm burn depth) and with the heating conditions (around 5% sensor
output changes for 5.5 mm burn depth obtained at 75 °C or 150 °C). These results open the way to
the development of easy to implement burn assessment and monitoring techniques, which could be
integrated in wearable medical dressing-like monitoring devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 710 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Influence of Sensor Network Sampling Rate on Multivariate Statistical Condition Monitoring of Industrial Machines and Processes

by Tizian Schneider, Nikolai Helwig, Steffen Klein and Andreas Schütze

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 781; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130781 - 26 Dec 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1826

Abstract

In this paper, the deterioration of statistical fault classification of a hydraulic system and an electromechanical cylinder EMC due to reduced sampling rates of sensor nets is shown. As a result, two types of faults can be distinguished: On the one hand, degradation [...] Read more.

In this paper, the deterioration of statistical fault classification of a hydraulic system and an electromechanical cylinder EMC due to reduced sampling rates of sensor nets is shown. As a result, two types of faults can be distinguished: On the one hand, degradation processes which primarily show static symptoms over the whole working cycle and, thus, are less susceptible to reduced time resolution; on the other hand, the detection of faults with symptoms localized in time, e.g., during transients, is significantly degraded. Furthermore, the EMC example shows the importance of data representation that needs to be adapted to the sampling rate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 800 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

How to Detect Selectively Hydrogen and Hydrogen Containing Gases with Metal Oxide Gas Sensor Operating in Non-Stationary Thermal Regime?

by Aleksei Shaposhnik, Pavel Moskalev and Alexey Vasiliev

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 782; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130782 - 10 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1267

Abstract

We demonstrated the possibility of selective detection of hydrogen, ethanol, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, methane and ammonia gas using metal oxide gas sensor operating in non-stationary thermal regime. This non-stationary regime consists in fast heating of the sensing layer to high temperature followed [...] Read more.

We demonstrated the possibility of selective detection of hydrogen, ethanol, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, methane and ammonia gas using metal oxide gas sensor operating in non-stationary thermal regime. This non-stationary regime consists in fast heating of the sensing layer to high temperature followed by temperature stabilization at lower temperature. The analysis of the shape of the curve describing the sensor resistance as a function of time during this measurement cycle enables the quantitative analysis of gas mixture. The investigation of kinetics of the process in non-stationary regime permits to understand the mechanism of the processes on the surface of sensing material. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1422 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Novel 3D-Printed MEMS Magnetometer with Optical Detection

by Matthias Kahr, Wilfried Hortschitz, Harald Steiner, Michael Stifter, Andreas Kainz and Franz Keplinger

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 783; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130783 - 23 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1847

Abstract

This paper reports a novel 3D printed MEMS magnetometer with optical readout, which demonstrates the advantages of 3D printing technology in terms of rapid prototyping. Low-cost and fast product development cycles favour 3D printing as an effective tool. Sensitivity measurement with such devices [...] Read more.

This paper reports a novel 3D printed MEMS magnetometer with optical readout, which demonstrates the advantages of 3D printing technology in terms of rapid prototyping. Low-cost and fast product development cycles favour 3D printing as an effective tool. Sensitivity measurement with such devices indicate high accuracy and good structural performance, considering material and technological uncertainties. This paper is focusing on the novelty of the rapid, 3D-printing prototyping approach and verification of the working principle for printed MEMS magnetometers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 2200 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

3D-Printed MEMS Magnetometer Featuring Compliant Mechanism

by Matthias Kahr, Harald Steiner, Wilfried Hortschitz, Michael Stifter, Andreas Kainz and Franz Keplinger

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 784; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130784 - 23 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1877

Abstract

This paper reports a novel 3D-printed MEMS resonant magnetometer with optical readout which features a mechanical conversion of a vertical oscillation into a horizontal one. This demonstrates the advantages of 3D-printing technology in terms of rapid prototyping, low costs and fast product development [...] Read more.

This paper reports a novel 3D-printed MEMS resonant magnetometer with optical readout which features a mechanical conversion of a vertical oscillation into a horizontal one. This demonstrates the advantages of 3D-printing technology in terms of rapid prototyping, low costs and fast product development cycles. In addition, 3D-printing enables ‘true’ three-dimensional MEMS structures in contrast to the traditional MEMS technology which allows only two dimensional structures. The measurement approach comprises a hybrid implementation of an optical modulator, an LED and a photodetector. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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3 pages, 460 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Buckling Porous SiC Membranes

by Markus Leitgeb, Christopher Zellner, Manuel Dorfmeister, Michael Schneider and Ulrich Schmid

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 785; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130785 - 17 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1457

Abstract

In preliminary studies it could be shown that single crystalline silicon carbide wafers can be porosified with metal assisted photochemical etching. Furthermore, the generation of porous areas which are locally defined is possible with this method. By adjusting the etching parameters, a highly [...] Read more.

In preliminary studies it could be shown that single crystalline silicon carbide wafers can be porosified with metal assisted photochemical etching. Furthermore, the generation of porous areas which are locally defined is possible with this method. By adjusting the etching parameters, a highly porous layer (degree of porosity of 90%) can be formed which is under-etched by a line of breakage. By depositing a compressively stressed amorphous SiC:H thin film on top of a porous region, the a-SiC:H film can be locally separated from the substrate, resulting in a buckled membrane configuration. Such membranes might open up potential applications in MEMS design concepts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 426 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Polypyrrole Based Love-Wave Gas Sensor Devices with Enhanced Properties to Ammonia

by Milena Šetka, Fabio Andres Bahos, Daniel Matatagui, Zdenek Kral, Isabel Gràcia, Jana Drbohlavová and Stella Vallejos

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 786; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130786 - 23 Nov 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1520

Abstract

Love-wave (LW) sensors based on gas sensitive polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles (NPs) and their modification with different gold (Au) loads are developed in this work. The research is focused on the fabrication process of the gas sensor devices and their sensing properties to ammonia [...] Read more.

Love-wave (LW) sensors based on gas sensitive polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles (NPs) and their modification with different gold (Au) loads are developed in this work. The research is focused on the fabrication process of the gas sensor devices and their sensing properties to ammonia (NH₃). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 813 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

UV Light Assisted NO₂Sensing by SnO₂/Graphene Oxide Composite

by Hashitha M. M. Munasinghe Arachchige, Nanda Gunawardhana, Dario Zappa and Elisabetta Comini

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 787; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130787 - 23 Nov 2018

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1511

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO₂) is one of the air pollutants that pose serious environmental concerns over the years. In this study, SnO₂ nanowires were synthesized by evaporation-condensation method and graphene oxide were synthesized using modified Hummers method for low temperature NO [...] Read more.

Nitric oxide (NO₂) is one of the air pollutants that pose serious environmental concerns over the years. In this study, SnO₂ nanowires were synthesized by evaporation-condensation method and graphene oxide were synthesized using modified Hummers method for low temperature NO₂ detection. Drop cast method was used to transfer graphene oxide (GO), to form composite GO-metal oxide p-n junctions. With integration of reduce graphene oxide (rGO), the UV light absorption was enhanced. This metal oxide composite has shown a reversible response in detecting low concentrations of NO₂ under UV irradiation, with a working temperature range of 50–150 °C. Pure SnO₂ shows 20% response to NO₂ (4 ppm) in dark conditions, while the response increasesupto60%usingUVirradiationat50°C.Furthermore, SnO₂/rGOshowsa40%ofresponse in dark, while the response increases to 160% under UV light illumination. This composite exhibits excellent recovery and maintains the baseline under UV light at low temperatures, which effectively overcome the drawbacks of low recovery typically shown by metal oxide gas sensors at low temperature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 2576 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Borosilicate Glass MEMS Lorentz Force Magnetometer

by Matthias Kahr, Matthias Domke, Harald Steiner, Wilfried Hortschitz and Michael Stifter

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 788; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130788 - 23 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1685

Abstract

This paper reports on a novel, miniaturized magnetomechanical transducer/sensor made of borosilicate glass with wide dynamic range. The prototype is manufactured with laser micromachining and ablation techniques. Compared to state of the art, borosilicate glass substrate offers the highest thermal shock resistance and [...] Read more.

This paper reports on a novel, miniaturized magnetomechanical transducer/sensor made of borosilicate glass with wide dynamic range. The prototype is manufactured with laser micromachining and ablation techniques. Compared to state of the art, borosilicate glass substrate offers the highest thermal shock resistance and is best suited for MEMS magnetometers, for aerospace and space applications or magnetic monitoring systems for diagnostics and plasma stability control of nuclear fusion experiments, where thermal shock resistance is a critical requirement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 419 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Graphene-Oxide and Hydrogel Coated FBG-Based pH Sensor for Biomedical Applications

by Leonardo Binetti, Alicja Stankiewicz and Lourdes S. M. Alwis

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 789; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130789 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2261

Abstract

A hydrogel coated fibre grating-based pH sensor for biomedical applications has been realised, where Graphene Oxide (GO) had been used to enhance the bonding between the coating and the fibre. Two methods of deposition of GO were analysed i.e., evaporation and co-electroplating. The [...] Read more.

A hydrogel coated fibre grating-based pH sensor for biomedical applications has been realised, where Graphene Oxide (GO) had been used to enhance the bonding between the coating and the fibre. Two methods of deposition of GO were analysed i.e., evaporation and co-electroplating. The paper concludes that the system of GO evaporated on the fibre + the hydrogel has a sensitivity much higher, (6.1 ± 0.5) pm/pH, than the system of Cu and GO co-electroplated + the hydrogel, (1.9 ± 0.1) pm/pH, for a pH range between 2 to 10. The other conclusion is that the first system has a less coating bonding energy with the optical fibre whereas the second system has a stronger bonding energy, with better durability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 741 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Room Temperature Ethanol Microsensors Based on Silanized Tungsten Oxide Nanowires

by Stella Vallejos, Zdenka Fohlerová, Milena Tomić, Isabel Gràcia, Eduard Figueras and Carles Cané

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 790; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130790 - 22 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1279

Abstract

Gas microsensors based on tungsten oxide (WO_3-x) nanowires (NWs) silanized with APTES (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane) are developed in this work. These surface modified microsensors are highly sensitive to ethanol at room temperature (RT) via photoactivation and show enhanced selectivity towards other volatile organic [...] Read more.

Gas microsensors based on tungsten oxide (WO_3-x) nanowires (NWs) silanized with APTES (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane) are developed in this work. These surface modified microsensors are highly sensitive to ethanol at room temperature (RT) via photoactivation and show enhanced selectivity towards other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including acetone and toluene. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 500 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A New Type of LSPR Sensor Featuring Immobilized Liposome or Phospholipid Single Layer

by Masahiro Kawasaki, Hiroyuki Yoshikawa, Masato Saito, Shu Jiang, Takehiro Akeyama, Eiichi Tamiya and Minoru Noda

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 791; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130791 - 4 Dec 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1222

Abstract

We have fabricated a new type of LSPR sensor featuring immobilized liposome or phospholipid single layer. LSPR principally shows an ultrahigh sensitivity on surface dielectric environmental change due to interaction with target, but little has been reported so far on applying phospholipid membranes [...] Read more.

We have fabricated a new type of LSPR sensor featuring immobilized liposome or phospholipid single layer. LSPR principally shows an ultrahigh sensitivity on surface dielectric environmental change due to interaction with target, but little has been reported so far on applying phospholipid membranes and/or liposomes as model cell membrane. We newly tried to investigate biosensing capabilities using the membranes of the both structures on Au nanostructures of LSPR sensor chip. As a result, it was confirmed that the phospholipid single layer is more effective to improve the sensitivity than the liposome. Finally, we have clearly detected 100 nM target protein of CAB and estimated a possible detection of 10 nM range from wavelength resolution by interaction with the phospholipid single layer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1125 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

3D Printing of Highly Stretchable and Sensitive Strain Sensors Using Graphene Based Composites

by Meshari Alsharari, Baixin Chen and Wenmiao Shu

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 792; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130792 - 21 Dec 2018

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 2697

Abstract

In this research, we present the development of 3D printed, highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensors using Graphene based composites. Graphene, a 2D material with unique electrical and piezoresistive properties, has already been used to create highly sensitive strain sensors. In this new [...] Read more.

In this research, we present the development of 3D printed, highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensors using Graphene based composites. Graphene, a 2D material with unique electrical and piezoresistive properties, has already been used to create highly sensitive strain sensors. In this new study, by co-printing Graphene based Polylactic acid (PLA) with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), a highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensor based on Graphene composites can be 3D printed for the first time in strain sensors. The fabrication process of all materials is fully compatible with fused deposition modeling (FDM) based 3D printing method, which makes it possible to rapidly prototype and manufacture highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensors. The mechanical properties, electrical properties, sensitivity of the 3D printed sensors will be presented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 780 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Robust Calorimetric Micro-Sensor for Aerodynamic Applications

by Cécile Ghouila-Houri, Célestin Ott, Romain Viard, Quentin Gallas, Eric Garnier, Abdelkrim Talbi and Philippe Pernod

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 794; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130794 - 27 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1777

Abstract

This paper reports a calorimetric micro-sensor designed for aerodynamic applications. Measuring both the amplitude and the sign of the wall shear stress at small length-scale and high frequencies, the micro-sensor is particularly suited for flow separation detection and flow control. The micro-sensor was [...] Read more.

This paper reports a calorimetric micro-sensor designed for aerodynamic applications. Measuring both the amplitude and the sign of the wall shear stress at small length-scale and high frequencies, the micro-sensor is particularly suited for flow separation detection and flow control. The micro-sensor was calibrated in static and dynamic in a turbulent boundary layer wind tunnel. Several micro-sensors were embedded in various configurations for measuring the shear stress and detecting flow separation. Specially, one was embedded inside an actuator slot for in situ measurements and twelve, associated with miniaturized electronics, were implemented on a flap model for active flow control experiments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 789 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Response Characteristics of Silicon Microring Resonator Hydrogen Sensor

by Naoki Yamasaku, Sosuke Matsuura, Yoshiaki Nishijima, Taro Arakawa and Shinji Okazaki

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 795; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130795 - 22 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1275

Abstract

A silicon microring-resonator (MRR) hydrogen sensor which utilizes platinum-loaded tungsten oxide (Pt/WO₃) thin film was fabricated and evaluated. The uniform film was deposited on MRR portion by using sol-gel technique. By the exposure to pure hydrogen gas, the sensor devise showed [...] Read more.

A silicon microring-resonator (MRR) hydrogen sensor which utilizes platinum-loaded tungsten oxide (Pt/WO₃) thin film was fabricated and evaluated. The uniform film was deposited on MRR portion by using sol-gel technique. By the exposure to pure hydrogen gas, the sensor devise showed the large resonant wavelength shift at room temperature. It is suggested that the change in the optical properties of hydrogen sensitive layer results in this response. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 483 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Sensitivity Comparison of Integrated Mid-Infrared Silicon-Based Photonic Detectors

by Cristina Consani, Thomas Söllradl, Christian Ranacher, Andreas Tortschanoff, Lukas Rauter, Gerald Pühringer, Thomas Grille, Peter Irsigler and Bernhard Jakoby

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 796; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130796 - 30 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1339

Abstract

Integrated silicon photonics in the mid-infrared is a promising platform for cheap and miniaturized chemical sensors, including gas and/or liquid sensors for environmental monitoring and the consumer electronics market. One major challenge in integrated photonics is the design of an integrated detector sensitive [...] Read more.

Integrated silicon photonics in the mid-infrared is a promising platform for cheap and miniaturized chemical sensors, including gas and/or liquid sensors for environmental monitoring and the consumer electronics market. One major challenge in integrated photonics is the design of an integrated detector sensitive enough to detect minimal changes in light intensity resulting from, for example, the absorption by the analyte. Further complexity arises from the need to fabricate such detectors at a high throughput with high requirements on fabrication tolerances. Here we analyze and compare the sensitivity of three different chip-integrated detectors at a wavelength of 4.17 µm, namely a resistance temperature detector (RTD), a diode and a vertical-cavity enhanced resonant detector (VERD). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 708 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Microfabricated 4-Electrode Conductivity Sensor with Enhanced Range

by Greja J. A. M. Brom-Verheijden, Martijn H. Goedbloed and Marcel A. G. Zevenbergen

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 797; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130797 - 10 Dec 2018

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2021

Abstract

Conductivity is a routinely measured parameter to assess impurities in water. Changing the geometry from parallel plate electrodes to planar microfabricated dual-band or interdigitated electrodes, these sensors could be miniaturized. Based on this approach, we designed 2-electrode conductivity sensors and compared their performance [...] Read more.

Conductivity is a routinely measured parameter to assess impurities in water. Changing the geometry from parallel plate electrodes to planar microfabricated dual-band or interdigitated electrodes, these sensors could be miniaturized. Based on this approach, we designed 2-electrode conductivity sensors and compared their performance with a commercially available device. Adding another electrode pair (either as dual-band or meandering between interdigitated electrodes), a 4-electrode sensor was formed for which the measuring range could be enhanced to 3 × 10⁻⁶–12 × 10⁻³ S/cm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 887 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Back-Illuminated Time-of-Flight Image Sensor with SOI-Based Fully Depleted Detector Technology for LiDAR Application

by Sanggwon Lee, Keita Yasutomi, Ho Hai Nam, Masato Morita and Shoji Kawahito

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 798; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130798 - 22 Nov 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2853

Abstract

A back-illuminated time-of-flight (ToF) image sensor based on a 0.2 µm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS detector technology using fully-depleted substrate is developed for the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) applications. A fully-depleted 200 µm-thick bulk silicon is used for the higher quantum efficiency (QE) [...] Read more.

A back-illuminated time-of-flight (ToF) image sensor based on a 0.2 µm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS detector technology using fully-depleted substrate is developed for the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) applications. A fully-depleted 200 µm-thick bulk silicon is used for the higher quantum efficiency (QE) in a near-infrared (NIR) region. The developed SOI pixel structure has a 4-tapped charge modulator with a draining function to achieve a higher range resolution and to cancel background light signal. A distance is measured up to 27 m with a range resolution of 12 cm at the outdoor and average light power density is 150 mW/m²@30 m. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 833 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Numerical Investigations of Infrared Slot Waveguides for Gas Sensing

by Christian Ranacher, Cristina Consani, Reyhaneh Jannesari, Thomas Grille and Bernhard Jakoby

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 799; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130799 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1846

Abstract

Sensing of gases is a promising area for applications of photonic sensor devices that operate in the mid-infrared spectral range. We present a numerical investigation of slot waveguides for evanescent field sensing of CO₂. The sensor platform is a poly-silicon slot [...] Read more.

Sensing of gases is a promising area for applications of photonic sensor devices that operate in the mid-infrared spectral range. We present a numerical investigation of slot waveguides for evanescent field sensing of CO₂. The sensor platform is a poly-silicon slot waveguide on silicon dioxide, where both layers are deposited on a standard silicon substrate. The evanescent field ratio, which is a crucial parameter for the sensing performance of the waveguides, was determined and values as high as 42% were obtained. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 648 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Application of a Novel Low-Cost Hyperspectral Imaging Setup Operating in the Mid-Infrared Region

by Jakob Kilgus, Robert Zimmerleiter, Kristina Duswald, Florian Hinterleitner, Gregor Langer and Markus Brandstetter

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 800; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130800 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1651

Abstract

In this contribution, we demonstrate the realization and application of a low-cost, flexible, small and fast hyperspectral imaging approach operating in the midinfrared fingerprint region where most molecules exhibit their fundamental vibrations. Following this approach, the recording of chemical images of macroscopic-sized samples [...] Read more.

In this contribution, we demonstrate the realization and application of a low-cost, flexible, small and fast hyperspectral imaging approach operating in the midinfrared fingerprint region where most molecules exhibit their fundamental vibrations. Following this approach, the recording of chemical images of macroscopic-sized samples at standoff distances in reflection geometry is possible. The optical setup is based on spectral identification by means of a MEMS-based Fabry-Pérot interferometer combined with 2D-snapshot spatial resolution using a bolometer camera. Results show the successful spatially resolved (resolution below 500 µm) chemical identification of different samples deposited on a metal surface (FOV = 6 × 5 cm) at a working distance of 35 cm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 481 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Operando Investigations of Rare-Earth Oxycarbonate CO₂ Sensors

by Takuya Suzuki, Frieder Lauxmann, Andre Sackmann, Anna Staerz, Udo Weimar, Christoph Berthold and Nicolae Barsan

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 801; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130801 - 26 Nov 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1269

Abstract

In this work, we have succeeded in synthesizing monoclinic and hexagonal La₂O₂CO₃ using two different routes and revealed that both of them are sensitive to CO₂ to the same degree. Moreover, we observed that the resistance of [...] Read more.

In this work, we have succeeded in synthesizing monoclinic and hexagonal La₂O₂CO₃ using two different routes and revealed that both of them are sensitive to CO₂ to the same degree. Moreover, we observed that the resistance of the sensor based on hexagonal phase is much higher and more stable than the one of the sensors based on the monoclinic phase. Using Operando and time resolved XRD measurements, we have also demonstrated that the resistivity of the sensor based on monoclinic La₂O₂CO₃ increases because of the material transformation into the hexagonal phase during an exemplarily aging process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1427 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Fully Screen Printed Carbon Black-Only Thermocouple and the Corresponding Seebeck Coefficients

by Christina Offenzeller, Marcel Knoll, Bernhard Jakoby and Wolfgang Hilber

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 802; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130802 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1338

Abstract

This work presents a thermocouple that is fully screen printed and consists exclusively of carbon black conductors. Two different carbon black inks were printed to form a thermocouple, which has been characterized regarding its output voltage. For reference, each of the carbon black [...] Read more.

This work presents a thermocouple that is fully screen printed and consists exclusively of carbon black conductors. Two different carbon black inks were printed to form a thermocouple, which has been characterized regarding its output voltage. For reference, each of the carbon black inks was used in combination with gold to form two further thermocouples. These have also been characterized and the output voltage used to predict the output of the associated thermocouple consisting of pure carbon black conductors. The results have been compared with the measurement results and show that the output of the pure carbon black thermocouple is roughly 10% lower than expected. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1121 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Screen Printed Thermocouple-Array on a Flexible Substrate for Condition Monitoring

by Marcel Knoll, Christina Offenzeller, Bernhard Mayrhofer, Bernhard Jakoby and Wolfgang Hilber

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 803; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130803 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2218

Abstract

This work deals with the realization of a fully printed thermocouple-array on a flexible substrate for condition monitoring applications. The thermocouple-array consisting of carbon black and silver was fabricated on PET-foil in a screen printing process and characterized up to a junction temperature [...] Read more.

This work deals with the realization of a fully printed thermocouple-array on a flexible substrate for condition monitoring applications. The thermocouple-array consisting of carbon black and silver was fabricated on PET-foil in a screen printing process and characterized up to a junction temperature of 150 °C. To ensure that no spurious voltages of the thermocouple occur due to deformations of the flexible substrate, the cross-sensitivity to deformation of the foil was investigated as well. Finally, as a test case, the temperature gradient of a plastic bar heated on a single end was measured with the thermocouple-array. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 611 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Colorimetric Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide in Ambient Air

by Laura Engel, Karina R. Tarantik, Carolin Pannek and Jürgen Wöllenstein

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 804; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130804 - 21 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1963

Abstract

We present a fast method to monitor hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in ambient air based on a visible color change. Therefore, an immobilized copper(II) complex of the azo dye 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphtol (H-PAN) was synthesized and prepared in a matrix for screen printing. Different [...] Read more.

We present a fast method to monitor hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in ambient air based on a visible color change. Therefore, an immobilized copper(II) complex of the azo dye 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphtol (H-PAN) was synthesized and prepared in a matrix for screen printing. Different materials, reaching from opaque paper to transparent foils served as substrate. The reaction of the copper(II) complex (Cu-PAN) to the target gas H₂S was measured in reflection via UV/VIS spectroscopy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 496 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Charging-Based PN Sensing of Automotive Exhaust Particles

by Mario Anton Schriefl, Matthias Longin and Alexander Bergmann

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 805; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130805 - 3 Jan 2019

Viewed by 1675

Abstract

Mobile measurement of particle number concentration (PN) in the exhaust of motor vehicles has recently become an integral part of emission legislation. Charge-based sensing techniques for the examination of PN, like Diffusion Charging (DC), represent a promising alternative to condensational particle counters (CPCs) [...] Read more.

Mobile measurement of particle number concentration (PN) in the exhaust of motor vehicles has recently become an integral part of emission legislation. Charge-based sensing techniques for the examination of PN, like Diffusion Charging (DC), represent a promising alternative to condensational particle counters (CPCs) as established PN sensors, because they enable to build robust, compact and energy efficient systems. However, due to the charging process, particle properties like size and morphology have a big impact on the sensor’s PN response. For particles of different size and shape we experimentally investigated those impacts using own-built charging-based sensors. The PN response of the DC sensor showed desired behavior for compact NaCl particles, but less satisfying behavior for combustion aerosol standard (CAST) particles, which is a widely used test aerosol for automotive applications. With a photoelectric charger, the PN response of CAST particles was significantly better. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 307 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Piezoelectric Sensors for Lamb Waves’ Direction of Arrival (DoA) Estimation

by Luca De Marchi, Marco Dibiase and Nicola Testoni

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 806; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130806 - 22 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1352

Abstract

A novel strategy to design piezoelectric sensor clusters suited for direction of arrival (DoA) estimation of Lamb waves is presented in this work. The designed clusters are composed by three piezoelectric patches (P1, P2 e P3) to be bonded on the structure to [...] Read more.

A novel strategy to design piezoelectric sensor clusters suited for direction of arrival (DoA) estimation of Lamb waves is presented in this work. The designed clusters are composed by three piezoelectric patches (P1, P2 e P3) to be bonded on the structure to be inspected. In particular, by exploiting the Radon Transform, the proposed sensor design procedure computes the shape of P2 given the shape of P1 so that the difference in time of arrival (DToA) of the Lamb waves at the two patches is linearly related to the DoA. Such properties allow to minimize the DoA uncertainty. The sensor P3 is designed to perform the estimation of DoA without knowing the actual wave velocity. Numerical results show that DoA is extremely robust. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1079 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Micromechanical Binary Counter with MEMS-Based Digital-to-Analog Converter

by Philip Schmitt, Hannes Mehner and Martin Hoffmann

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 807; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130807 - 21 Nov 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1571

Abstract

Autonomous sensors are of interest in all cases where a continuous power source is not available or difficult to realize. Besides harvesting of electrical energy for a complex storage system, it is of interest to directly store an event in a non-electrical storage, [...] Read more.

Autonomous sensors are of interest in all cases where a continuous power source is not available or difficult to realize. Besides harvesting of electrical energy for a complex storage system, it is of interest to directly store an event in a non-electrical storage, but in a way that allows a later electrical read-out. Therefore, a miniaturized micromechanical binary counter is presented, which enables counting of threshold events, such as exceeding temperature limits or high mechanical shocks. An electro-mechanical digital-to-analog converter integrated in the binary counter is demonstrated as an option for monolithic electrical read-out of the mechanically stored information. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 846 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Heat Flow Measurement by A Force and Thermal Sensor Stick for Robots with A Nerve-Net LSI Chip

by Hayato Tsuchiya, Keito Oshima, Yusuke Suganuma, Masanori Muroyama and Yutaka Nonomura

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 808; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130808 - 6 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1589

Abstract

Assistant robots need a tactile sensing system. We propose a tactile sensor head with a nerve-net sensing system which measures force, temperature and heat flow with a heater simultaneously on a robot finger. For accurate heat flow measurements, it is necessary to stabilize [...] Read more.

Assistant robots need a tactile sensing system. We propose a tactile sensor head with a nerve-net sensing system which measures force, temperature and heat flow with a heater simultaneously on a robot finger. For accurate heat flow measurements, it is necessary to stabilize the contact conditions between the sensor head and an object. A sensor stick which consists of the sensor head and an actuator was fabricated to control applied force. Heat flow measurements in three materials of different thermal conductivities such as polyethylene, glass and Aluminum were made with the sensor stick. As a result, three materials were discriminated clearly by heat flow peak values, saturations values and time constants. The tactile sensor stick with temperature measurement and force control is useful to discriminate materials of objects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1370 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Gradiometric Magnetic Sensor System for Stray-Field-Immune Rotary Position Sensing in Harsh Environment

by Samuel Huber, Jan-Willem Burssens, Nicolas Dupré, Olivier Dubrulle, Yves Bidaux, Gael Close and Christian Schott

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 809; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130809 - 13 Dec 2018

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3865

Abstract

Contactless magnetic position sensors are used in countless industrial and automotive applications. However, as a consequence of the electrification trend the sensors can be exposed to parasitic magnetic stray fields, and their desired robustness may be compromised. In this paper we publish for [...] Read more.

Contactless magnetic position sensors are used in countless industrial and automotive applications. However, as a consequence of the electrification trend the sensors can be exposed to parasitic magnetic stray fields, and their desired robustness may be compromised. In this paper we publish for the first time how this challenge is addressed and constructively solved using a complete paradigm change leaving conventional magnetic field measurement behind and entering into the realm of magnetic field gradient measurement. Our novel sensor system consists of an integrated Hall sensor realized in 0.18 μm CMOS technology with magnetic concentrators and a four-pole permanent magnet. The intrinsic angular accuracy was assessed comparing the rotary position of the permanent magnet with the sensor output showing angle errors below 0.3°. Additional end-of-line calibration can be applied using built-in memory and processing capability to further increase the accuracy. Finally, we demonstrate the immunity against stray fields of 4000 A/m which led to errors below 0.1°, corresponding to 0.06% of the sensors fullscale angular range. In conclusion, this novel sensor system offers a compact and flexible solution for stray-field immune rotary position measurement in harsh environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 811 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design and Manufacturing of a Disposable, Cyclo-Olefin Copolymer, Microfluidic Biosensor

by Jorge Prada, Christina Cordes, Carsten Harms and Walter Lang

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 810; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130810 - 23 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1569

Abstract

This contribution outlines the design and manufacturing of a biosensor for retrieval and detection of bacteria RNA. The device is fully made of Cyclo-Olefin Copolymer (COC), which features low auto-fluorescence, biocompatibility and manufacturability by hot-embossing. The RNA retrieval is carried on after bacteria [...] Read more.

This contribution outlines the design and manufacturing of a biosensor for retrieval and detection of bacteria RNA. The device is fully made of Cyclo-Olefin Copolymer (COC), which features low auto-fluorescence, biocompatibility and manufacturability by hot-embossing. The RNA retrieval is carried on after bacteria heat-lysis by an on-chip micro-heater. Two additional carbon resistive temperature sensors printed on the biochip sealing film monitor the heating process. RNA is hybridized with capture probes on the reaction chamber surface and identification is achieved by detection of fluorescence tags. The application of the mentioned techniques and materials facilitates the development of low-cost, disposable albeit multi-functional microfluidic system, performing heating, temperature sensing and chemical reaction processes in the same device. By proving its effectiveness, this device contributes a reference to show the potential of fully thermoplastic devices as biosensors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 683 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Method to Study Water Diffusion into Polymers

by Jamila Boudaden, Matthias Steinmaßl, Hanns-Erik Endres and Peter Müller-Buschbaum

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 812; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130812 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1179

Abstract

We designed and realized a low cost relative humidity (RH) capacitive sensor having an interdigitated transducer coated with a cheap sensing material working at room temperature (polyimide). Thermally perturbed diffusion of water molecules into the polyimide layer is studied by heating the sensor [...] Read more.

We designed and realized a low cost relative humidity (RH) capacitive sensor having an interdigitated transducer coated with a cheap sensing material working at room temperature (polyimide). Thermally perturbed diffusion of water molecules into the polyimide layer is studied by heating the sensor locally and measuring the sensor capacitance change. The swelling and deswelling model is applied to determine the time constant of involved processes. This simple method, using an evaluation kit developed by our group, to measure the sensor capacitance and to study the diffusion process of water molecules into polyimide could be generalized to analyze the gas diffusion processes into polymer based sensing layer generally used in the field of gas chemical sensors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 810 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Enhancement of Gas Sensing Response on WO₃ Thin Films Processed by Direct Laser Interference Patterning

by Laura Parellada-Monreal, Miguel Martínez-Calderón, Irene Castro-Hurtado, Santiago M. Olaizola, Giulia Zonta, Sandro Gherardi, Cesare Malagù and Gemma G. Mandayo

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 813; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130813 - 8 Jan 2019

Viewed by 1327

Abstract

Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP) technique has been used to generate a line pattern on the surface of WO₃ thin films, due to the interference of two coherent laser beams, modifying its surface morphology and physical properties. Gas sensing devices based on [...] Read more.

Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP) technique has been used to generate a line pattern on the surface of WO₃ thin films, due to the interference of two coherent laser beams, modifying its surface morphology and physical properties. Gas sensing devices based on WO₃ thin films annealed at 600 °C and nanostructured by DLIP have been fabricated and compared to samples simply annealed at the same temperature. The sensors processed by DLIP present a great enhancement on the response in NO₂ atmospheres indicating possible modifications on the composition, aside from the morphological one. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 756 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

SU-8 Based Waveguide for Optrodes

by Sara Pimenta, João F. Ribeiro, Sandra B. Goncalves, Marino J. Maciel, Rosana A. Dias, João Gaspar, Reinoud F. Wolffenbuttel and José H. Correia

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 814; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130814 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1839

Abstract

Neural probes can be equipped with light for optogenetics applications. Different approaches are used for delivering light to the tissue: an optical fiber coupled to the probe, a µLED or a waveguide integrated on the probe. Small probe dimensions, adequate optical power for [...] Read more.

Neural probes can be equipped with light for optogenetics applications. Different approaches are used for delivering light to the tissue: an optical fiber coupled to the probe, a µLED or a waveguide integrated on the probe. Small probe dimensions, adequate optical power for photostimulation and good tissue penetration for in-vivo experiments are critical requirements. Thus, integrating a waveguide is a promising solution. This work shows the design and simulation of a SU-8 based waveguide for integration in a neural probe. The waveguide contains 3 apertures, spaced by 0.5 mm, which will allow the photostimulation of different brain regions simultaneously. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 839 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 Thin Films with Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties for Flexible Thermal Sensors

by Eliana Vieira, Joana Figueira, Ana Lucia Pires, José Grilo, Manuel Fernando Silva, André Miguel Pereira and Luís Miguel Goncalves

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 815; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130815 - 11 Dec 2018

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1885

Abstract

The influence of substrate type in boosting thermoelectric properties of co-evaporated Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 films (with 400 nm-thick) is here reported. Optimized power factor values are 2.7 × 10⁻³ W K⁻² m⁻¹ and 1.4 × 10⁻³ W K⁻² [...] Read more.

The influence of substrate type in boosting thermoelectric properties of co-evaporated Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 films (with 400 nm-thick) is here reported. Optimized power factor values are 2.7 × 10⁻³ W K⁻² m⁻¹ and 1.4 × 10⁻³ W K⁻² m⁻¹ for flexible Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 films, respectively. This is an important result as it is at least 2 times higher than the power factor found in the literature for flexible Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 films. A flexible infrared thermopile sensor was developed with high detectivity (2.50 × 10⁷ cm √HzW⁻¹). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 655 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Exploring the Potential of Electroplated Chips towards Biomedical Sensing and Diagnostics

by Daria Semenova and Yuliya E. Silina

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 817; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130817 - 4 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1309

Abstract

In the past decade the significant progress in the cellular stress response was witnessed. Nevertheless, the development of the minimally-invasive and accurate sensing tools for the identification of the increasing number of potentially relevant species in clinical diagnostics, using smaller sample volumes is [...] Read more.

In the past decade the significant progress in the cellular stress response was witnessed. Nevertheless, the development of the minimally-invasive and accurate sensing tools for the identification of the increasing number of potentially relevant species in clinical diagnostics, using smaller sample volumes is a major challenge. Herein, the potential of the electroplated nanomaterials towards biomedical sensing and diagnostics is summarized. The key factors affecting the surface functionality, dimensionality, S/N ratio and analytical response of the prepared chips are highlighted. Furthermore, the application of electroplated chips as a fast “read out” platform for profiling of clinical samples was demonstrated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 831 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Ultrathin Amorphous Carbon as Active Part of Vibrating MEMS

by Anne Ghis, Sébastien Thibert and Marc Delaunay

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 818; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130818 - 4 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1151

Abstract

Amorphous carbon in ultra-thin thicknesses shows amazing mechanical properties that make it particularly interesting for MEMS, especially as a vibrating membrane. We present the experimental results obtained on devices comprising composite membranes of a few nanometers thick suspended above cavities of 1 to [...] Read more.

Amorphous carbon in ultra-thin thicknesses shows amazing mechanical properties that make it particularly interesting for MEMS, especially as a vibrating membrane. We present the experimental results obtained on devices comprising composite membranes of a few nanometers thick suspended above cavities of 1 to 2 μm in width. The behaviors in quasi-static mode—at low frequency—and also in resonant mode were observed and measured. Resonances frequencies of 20 MHz to 110MHz depending on the geometry were measured. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 591 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Development of a Point-of-Care Platform for Plant Health Assessment: A Microfluidic Approach

by Eduardo J. S. Brás, Ana Margarida Fortes, Virginia Chu, Pedro Fernandes and João Pedro Conde

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 819; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130819 - 13 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1894

Abstract

Azelaic Acid (AzA) is a signaling molecule that plays a role in plant immune response when these are infected with pathogens, such as Botryitis cinerea, making its early detection in the field critical in the monitoring and prevention of large spread infection in [...] Read more.

Azelaic Acid (AzA) is a signaling molecule that plays a role in plant immune response when these are infected with pathogens, such as Botryitis cinerea, making its early detection in the field critical in the monitoring and prevention of large spread infection in crops. In this work, a microfluidic platform for the rapid detection of AzA in grapes is presented. AzA detection is achieved via an enzyme-enabled colorimetric reaction performed in a microfluidic chip coupled to a thin-film silicon photodiode. The detection of nM concentrations of AzA in buffer was achieved and initial results for AzA measurements in artificially spiked grape juice show potential for detection in realistic sample conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 610 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

How the Chamber Design Can Affect Gas Sensor Responses

by Fatima-Ezahra Annanouch, Gilles Bouchet, Pierre Perrier, Nicolas Morati, Christelle Reynard-Carette, Khalifa Aguir and Marc Bendahan

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 820; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130820 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2142

Abstract

In this paper, we report the significant role played by the testing chamber for measuring the true gas sensor responses. Two different designs were studied and compared. The first one has a cross-shape in which the direction of gas flow is perpendicular to [...] Read more.

In this paper, we report the significant role played by the testing chamber for measuring the true gas sensor responses. Two different designs were studied and compared. The first one has a cross-shape in which the direction of gas flow is perpendicular to the sensor surface. The second one has a boat-shape in which the gas flow is tangential to the sensor surface. The results demonstrated that contrarily to the cross-shape chamber, the gas concentration is highly homogenous and equal to the set point in the boat-shape chamber. Additionally, the sensor responses are much stable, faster and higher. Besides, all the mathematical modeling and simulation results are in a good agreement with the experimental studies, which allow the validation of the proposed boat-shape chamber model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 571 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Cross-Linked Nanoparticle Membranes for Microelectromechanical Chemical Sensors and Pressure Sensors

by Hendrik Schlicke, Hauke Hartmann, Sophia Caroline Bittinger, Matthias Rebber, Malte Behrens and Tobias Vossmeyer

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 821; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130821 - 22 Jan 2019

Viewed by 2132

Abstract

We present novel microelectromechanical chemical sensors for the detection of volatile organic compounds based on electrostatically actuated, nanometer-thin, freestanding membranes of organically cross-linked gold nanoparticles. The sensors employ quasi-static deflection amplitudes or resonance frequency shifts of the membranes as highly sensitive sensing signals [...] Read more.

We present novel microelectromechanical chemical sensors for the detection of volatile organic compounds based on electrostatically actuated, nanometer-thin, freestanding membranes of organically cross-linked gold nanoparticles. The sensors employ quasi-static deflection amplitudes or resonance frequency shifts of the membranes as highly sensitive sensing signals and are capable of detecting analytes at concentrations down to the low ppm range. We show that the devices can further be utilized for analyte discrimination. Additionally, we demonstrate that freestanding GNP membranes can be used for the fabrication of highly sensitive resistive pressure sensors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 570 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Modular Ceramic-Polymeric Device for Analysis of Selected Elements in Liquid Using Microplasma

by Tomasz Matusiak, Jan Macioszczyk, Krzysztof Świderski, Piotr Jamróz, Paweł Pohl and Leszek Golonka

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 822; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130822 - 10 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1422

Abstract

Miniaturization of devices for analysis of chemical composition is being still developed. In this article we present a portable device with a microplasma excitation source. The microdischarge is ignited inside a ceramic structure between a solid anode and a liquid cathode. As a [...] Read more.

Miniaturization of devices for analysis of chemical composition is being still developed. In this article we present a portable device with a microplasma excitation source. The microdischarge is ignited inside a ceramic structure between a solid anode and a liquid cathode. As a result of cathode sputtering of the solution, it is possible to determine its chemical specimens by analysis of emission spectra of the microdischarge. We fabricated cathodes with a microfluidic compartment and two types of anodes. Devices were tested experimentally. Spectroscopic properties of the microdischarge and its analytical performance depended on the used ceramic structure, the surface area of the cathode aperture and the flow rate of the solution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 607 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Comparative Studies of Chemoresistive Gas Sensors Based on Multiple Randomly Connected Wires and Arrays of Single-Wires

by Ondřej Chmela, Jakub Sadílek, Guillem Domènech-Gil, Isabel Gràcia, Albert Romano-Rodriguez, Jaromír Hubálek and Stella Vallejos

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 823; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130823 - 4 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1233

Abstract

Chemoresitive gas sensors based on multiple nanowires (M-NWs) randomly grown and electrically inter-connected on the top of interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) and arrays of single nanowires connected between faced nanoelectrodes (A-S-NWs) are developed in this work. These systems, consisting of gas sensitive tungsten oxide [...] Read more.

Chemoresitive gas sensors based on multiple nanowires (M-NWs) randomly grown and electrically inter-connected on the top of interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) and arrays of single nanowires connected between faced nanoelectrodes (A-S-NWs) are developed in this work. These systems, consisting of gas sensitive tungsten oxide nanowires (NWs), are tested to NO₂, and their performance regarding the response magnitude, sensitivity and response rate are evaluated here. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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6 pages, 1854 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Microscale Xylem Sap Flow Sensor Facilitating the Simultaneous Measurement of Flow Velocity and Direction

by Yuki Hara, Naoki Hara, Hiroki Ishizuka, Kyohei Terao, Hidekuni Takao and Fusao Shimokawa

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 824; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130824 - 31 Jan 2019

Viewed by 1740

Abstract

In this study, we focused on direct and quantitative monitoring of sap dynamics in plant stems, and proposed the microscale xylem sap flow sensor. This sensor facilitates the simultaneous measurement of flow velocity and direction by combining the principles of a Granier sensor [...] Read more.

In this study, we focused on direct and quantitative monitoring of sap dynamics in plant stems, and proposed the microscale xylem sap flow sensor. This sensor facilitates the simultaneous measurement of flow velocity and direction by combining the principles of a Granier sensor and a thermal flow sensor. We fabricated micro-sensor chips for functional verification by using MEMS technology, and assembled them on a resin film to facilitate mounting on the epidermis of plants. Furthermore, we measured the sap dynamics by using an experimental setup, and succeeded in measuring the flow velocity and direction at the same time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 750 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Ion-Selective Optical Sensors: A New Look at Well-Established Techniques of Signal Acquisition

by Andrey Kalinichev, Maria Peshkova, Nadezhda Pokhvishcheva and Konstantin Mikhelson

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 825; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130825 - 7 Dec 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1487

Abstract

It is demonstrated for the first time that the registration of the optode signal under non-equilibrium conditions reduces analysis time and shifts the sensor working range. The fabrication of optode-like color standards for digital color analysis (DCA) is described, and a multi-parameter color [...] Read more.

It is demonstrated for the first time that the registration of the optode signal under non-equilibrium conditions reduces analysis time and shifts the sensor working range. The fabrication of optode-like color standards for digital color analysis (DCA) is described, and a multi-parameter color scale for calibration-free sensor arrays is proposed. Advantages and limitations of monochrome and color camera for DCA with colorimetric optodes are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1290 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

WO₃ Based Gas Sensors

by Anna Staerz, Simona Somacescu, Mauro Epifani, Tamara Russ, Udo Weimar and Nicolae Barsan

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 826; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130826 - 9 Jan 2019

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2955

Abstract

WO₃ is a commonly used material for gas sensing. Although a great deal of research has been done on how to tune sensors based on WO₃, no clear consensus exists on what characteristics are inherent to the metal oxide: This [...] Read more.

WO₃ is a commonly used material for gas sensing. Although a great deal of research has been done on how to tune sensors based on WO₃, no clear consensus exists on what characteristics are inherent to the metal oxide: This work looks at six different WO₃ samples and aims to identify which characteristics are common to all materials. Specifically, the interaction of the samples with humidity is examined. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 652 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Thermal Flow Sensor for Non‐Invasive Measurements in HVAC Systems

by Samir Cerimovic, Albert Treytl, Thomas Glatzl, Roman Beigelbeck, Franz Keplinger and Thilo Sauter

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 827; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130827 - 24 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1893

Abstract

We present a feasibility study on non‐invasive flow rate measurements in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems utilizing thermal transduction instead of commonly used ultrasonic techniques. The investigated thermal flow transduction comprises two temperature sensors and a heater, all mounted non‐invasively on [...] Read more.

We present a feasibility study on non‐invasive flow rate measurements in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems utilizing thermal transduction instead of commonly used ultrasonic techniques. The investigated thermal flow transduction comprises two temperature sensors and a heater, all mounted non‐invasively on the outer pipe surface and, therefore, not disturbing the fluid flow inside. One temperature sensor measures the heater temperature, whereas the other one, mounted upstream of the heater, follows the fluid temperature for reference. The temperature difference (i.e., the heater excess temperature) depends on the fluid velocity and can be used to derive the mean volume flow inside the pipe. In order to visualize and study the temperature field, a finite element method (FEM) model of the system was implemented. Measurements conducted with the sensor prototype confirm the feasibility of this approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 789 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Screen-Printed f-EM Sensors Based on Two Chelating-Polymers and a Metal Oxide for the Continuous Detection of Cu Ions in Surface Water

by Ilaria Frau, Stephen Wylie, Patrick Byrne, Jeff Cullen, Olga Korostynska and Alex Mason

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 828; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130828 - 7 Dec 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1496

Abstract

Pollutants affect water worldwide and consequently present a risk to both the environment and to human health. Cu is an essential element for many organisms, but becomes toxic at relatively high concentrations. Current laboratory-based methods are not able to monitor water quality continuously, [...] Read more.

Pollutants affect water worldwide and consequently present a risk to both the environment and to human health. Cu is an essential element for many organisms, but becomes toxic at relatively high concentrations. Current laboratory-based methods are not able to monitor water quality continuously, as they require laborious sampling and offline monitoring. A potential method that is capable to addressing this problem, guaranteeing the continuous monitoring of water resources, is the integration of microwave spectroscopy with functionalised electromagnetic (f-EM) sensors. The feasibility of using this combined method for achieving a more specific response toward low concentrations of Cu has been demonstrated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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8 pages, 915 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Efficient Self-Heating in Nanowire Sensors: Prospects for Very-Low Power

by Cristian Fàbrega, Olga Casals and Joan Daniel Prades

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 829; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130829 - 11 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1280

Abstract

Self-heating operation, or the use of the resistance-probing signal to warm up and control the temperature of nanowire devices, has been the subject of research for more than a decade. The state-of-the-art shows that this approach is serving to lower the power demand [...] Read more.

Self-heating operation, or the use of the resistance-probing signal to warm up and control the temperature of nanowire devices, has been the subject of research for more than a decade. The state-of-the-art shows that this approach is serving to lower the power demand in temperature-activated devices, especially in conductometric gas sensors, but the simplicity of eliminating the heating element comes with the complexity of integrating 1-dimensional nanomaterials in electronic devices. The advantages of the efficient self-heating effect in nanowires have already been probed in a broad range of systems and materials. But when it comes to transfer this operating principle to new systems and materials natural doubts arise: how to do it?, how much savings in power will be achieved? We will address these questions in this review contribution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 443 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Modeling Planar Fluxgate Structures

by Michael Ortner, Neosha Navaei and Martin Lenzhofer

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 830; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130830 - 10 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1413

Abstract

Planar fluxgate structures have been the focus of multiple experimental studies. However, theoretical treatises are still limited to the classical models that describe 3D structures. In this paper we derive an effective fluxgate equation for planar systems, dealing with strong stray fields and [...] Read more.

Planar fluxgate structures have been the focus of multiple experimental studies. However, theoretical treatises are still limited to the classical models that describe 3D structures. In this paper we derive an effective fluxgate equation for planar systems, dealing with strong stray fields and direct coupling, and show the stability and applicability of the Vacquier implementation. To support the theoretical model, FEM simulations are performed that also provide means of layouting planar fluxgates by pure magnetostatic simulation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 723 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Analysis of Single- and Double Core Planar Fluxgate Structures

by Neosha Navaei, Ali Roshanghias, Martin Lenzhofer and Michael Ortner

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 831; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130831 - 10 Dec 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1595

Abstract

The planar fluxgate is an emerging technology feasible for system integration contrary to it’s bulky 3D counterpart. Recently, a novel structure based on an asymmetric double core layout for improved sensitivity and energy efficiency was proposed. The aim of this paper is, for [...] Read more.

The planar fluxgate is an emerging technology feasible for system integration contrary to it’s bulky 3D counterpart. Recently, a novel structure based on an asymmetric double core layout for improved sensitivity and energy efficiency was proposed. The aim of this paper is, for the first time, to conduct a direct experimental comparison between single- and asymmetric double-core structures. The results confirm the original conjecture and show that asymmetric double core structures can easily boost the sensitivity by a factor of two for similar power supply. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 847 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Hypersensitive Electrochemical Sequential Monitoring of Total IgE and their Effects with Ovalbumin Induced Mice

by JuKyung Lee, DongIm Kim, MiKyung Song and Kyuhong Lee

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 832; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130832 - 19 Feb 2019

Viewed by 1283

Abstract

Monitoring of specific biomarker is critical for determining progression of a disease or efficacy of a treatment. Currently, the standard for assessing amount of specific biomarkers is the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which measures quantities on the nanogram scale. However, ELISA has [...] Read more.

Monitoring of specific biomarker is critical for determining progression of a disease or efficacy of a treatment. Currently, the standard for assessing amount of specific biomarkers is the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which measures quantities on the nanogram scale. However, ELISA has high material costs, long incubation periods, requires large volume of samples and involves special instruments, which necessitates clinical samples to be sent to a lab. In order to provide rapid, accurate, easy, point-of-care measurement of biomarkers, electrochemical immunosensor can be used to provide specific and sensitive biomarker detection. Immunosensor allow near real-time results, reduced costs, and simple assays with no labelling. In this work, we developed an electrochemical biosensor to measure total immunoglobulin E (IgE), a marker of asthma disease that varies with age, gender, and disease in concentrations from 0.3–1000 ng/mL with consuming 20 µL volume of real blood sample. Also, sequential monitoring of total IgE with OVA induced mice is another application of this work and this sensor is an alternative approach for recording data and a more effective assay for understanding the cytotoxic effects of toxic materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 859 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Finite Element Method Simulation and Characterization of a Thermal Flow Sensor Based on Printed Circuit Board Technology for Various Fluids

by Thomas Glatzl, Roman Beigelbeck, Samir Cerimovic, Harald Steiner and Albert Treytl

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 833; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130833 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1734

Abstract

We present finite element method (FEM) simulations of a thermal flow sensor as well as a comparison to measurement results. The thermal sensor is purely based on printed circuit board (PCB) technology, designed for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Design and [...] Read more.

We present finite element method (FEM) simulations of a thermal flow sensor as well as a comparison to measurement results. The thermal sensor is purely based on printed circuit board (PCB) technology, designed for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Design and readout method of the sensor enables the possibility to measure the flow velocity in various fluids. 2D-FEM simulations were carried out in order to predict the sensor characteristic of envisaged setups. The simulations enable a fast and easy way to evaluate the sensor’s behaviour in different fluids. The results of the FEM simulations are compared to measurements in a real environment, proving the credibility of the model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 553 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Visible Light Activated Room Temperature Gas Sensors Based on CaFe₂O₄ Nanopowders

by Qomaruddin, Cristian Fàbrega, Andreas Waag, Andris Šutka, Olga Casals, Hutomo Suryo Wasisto and Joan Daniel Prades

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 834; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130834 - 4 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1713

Abstract

Gas sensors based on CaFe₂O₄ nanopowders, which are p–type metal oxide semiconductor (MOX), have been fabricated and assessed for ethanol gas monitoring under visible light activation at room temperature. Regardless of their inferior sensitivity compared to thermally activated counterparts, the [...] Read more.

Gas sensors based on CaFe₂O₄ nanopowders, which are p–type metal oxide semiconductor (MOX), have been fabricated and assessed for ethanol gas monitoring under visible light activation at room temperature. Regardless of their inferior sensitivity compared to thermally activated counterparts, the developed sensors have shown responsive sensing behavior towards ethanol vapors confirming the ability of using visible light for sensor activation. LEDs with different wavelengths (i.e., 465–590 nm) were employed. The highest sensitivity (3.7%) was reached using green LED activation that corresponds to the band gap of CaFe₂O₄. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1580 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Vibration Mode Investigation of Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Microsensors on Buckled Diaphragms

by Kaoru Yamashita, Tomoki Nishioka, Minoru Noda and Paul Muralt

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 835; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130835 - 19 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1093

Abstract

Vibration mode of piezoelectric ultrasonic microsensors was investigated on buckled diaphragm structures from the viewpoint of higher order vibration modes than the fundamental one. Several vibration modes were generated on the diaphragms as the response to an ultrasound pulse, and their natural frequencies [...] Read more.

Vibration mode of piezoelectric ultrasonic microsensors was investigated on buckled diaphragm structures from the viewpoint of higher order vibration modes than the fundamental one. Several vibration modes were generated on the diaphragms as the response to an ultrasound pulse, and their natural frequencies changed with increasing the buckling deflection in different rates. The natural frequencies of some modes approached each other, and the modes were accordingly superposed and degraded into a single mode in the large buckling ranges. The large buckling of the diaphragms consequently improves their vibration and thus the output waveforms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1130 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

W-Sn Mixed Oxides and ZnO to Detect NOx and Ozone in Atmosphere

by Ambra Fioravanti, Sara Morandi, Alessia Amodio, Mauro Mazzocchi, Michele Sacerdoti and Maria Cristina Carotta

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 836; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130836 - 4 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1246

Abstract

Thick films of zinc oxide (ZnO) in form of nanospheres or hexagonal prisms and of tungsten-tin (W-Sn) mixed oxides at nominal Sn molar fraction (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5) were prepared. The functional materials were synthesized and characterized by SEM and TEM, X-ray diffraction, [...] Read more.

Thick films of zinc oxide (ZnO) in form of nanospheres or hexagonal prisms and of tungsten-tin (W-Sn) mixed oxides at nominal Sn molar fraction (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5) were prepared. The functional materials were synthesized and characterized by SEM and TEM, X-ray diffraction, specific surface area measurements, UV-Vis-NIR and IR spectroscopies. The gas sensing measurements highlighted that ZnO is more performant in form of nanoprisms, while W-Sn sensors offer a better response towards NOx and ozone with respect to pure WO₃. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 2404 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

MEMS Enabled Bendable and Stretchable Silicon Circuits

by Bram Lips and Robert Puers

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 837; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130837 - 4 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1212

Abstract

We report the design and implementation of a unique, wafer sized stretchable and bendable monolithic silicon matrix structure. The achieved stretchability allows for simultaneous omnidirectional folding, required to conform the structure to complex curved 3D surfaces. Moreover, it also enables dynamic mechanical deformation [...] Read more.

We report the design and implementation of a unique, wafer sized stretchable and bendable monolithic silicon matrix structure. The achieved stretchability allows for simultaneous omnidirectional folding, required to conform the structure to complex curved 3D surfaces. Moreover, it also enables dynamic mechanical deformation of the structure to cope with a moving environment, like e.g., the wall of the heart muscle. Due to the nature of the fabrication process, normal silicon wafer processing can be performed prior to rendering it stretchable. This is first demonstrated by the fabrication of two metal layers on top of silicon, which act as the electrical interconnects of a final flexible and stretchable LED-matrix. Currently, the possibility to postprocess an existing commercial CMOS process is investigated. This would lead to a revolutionary potential of new applications, especially in the medical field, by enabling complex silicon monitoring systems to be linked to organs without hindering them. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1114 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Silicon Microcantilevers with ZnO Nanorods/Chitosan-SAMs Hybrids on Its Back Surface for Humidity Sensing

by Jiushuai Xu, Maik Bertke, Xuejing Li, Andi Setiono, Michael Fahrbach, Angelika Schmidt and Erwin Peiner

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 838; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130838 - 21 Dec 2018

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1601

Abstract

This paper reports a piezoresistive silicon microcantilever-based gravimetric humidity sensor, where a ZnO nanofilm (200 nm) and ZnO nanorods (NRs) with different lengths (1.5 µm and 6 µm) modified with chitosan self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are coated on the microcantilevers’ back surface as the [...] Read more.

This paper reports a piezoresistive silicon microcantilever-based gravimetric humidity sensor, where a ZnO nanofilm (200 nm) and ZnO nanorods (NRs) with different lengths (1.5 µm and 6 µm) modified with chitosan self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are coated on the microcantilevers’ back surface as the sensing material. Thanks to the new sensor design, the resonant frequency (RF) shifts induced by the mass adsorption on the high surface-area-to-volume ratio, hybrid-sensing nanostructure can be tracked directly by monitoring the output of the p-diffused full Wheatstone bridge. By depositing ZnO NRs and Chitosan SAMs, direct-reading microcantilevers with high repeatability, reliability and high sensitivity (15 Hz/%RH) can be achieved. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 731 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Development of a Heat-Driven-Type MEMS Olfactory Display

by Hiroki Ishizuka, Kenta Kashiwagi, Kyohei Terao, Hidekuni Takao and Fusao Shimokawa

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 839; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130839 - 26 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1297

Abstract

An olfactory display is necessary for effective multimodal information communication. The relatively large size of current olfactory displays does not support integration with other information devices. Thus, in this study, a heat-driven-type microelectromechanical system (MEMS) olfactory display that is only a few square [...] Read more.

An olfactory display is necessary for effective multimodal information communication. The relatively large size of current olfactory displays does not support integration with other information devices. Thus, in this study, a heat-driven-type microelectromechanical system (MEMS) olfactory display that is only a few square centimeters in size and, thus, suitable for integration, is proposed. The olfactory display was fabricated by implementing a microfabrication process, and the fundamental driving conditions for the heater and valve were confirmed. Furthermore, a perfume diffusion experiment was conducted to characterize the olfactory display. The diffusion of the perfume was successfully synchronized with the open/close time of the valve. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 611 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Analytical Modelling of Magnetic Multimedia Control Elements Based on a Single Magnetic Sensor

by Anna Ermakova, Leonardo Martins, Dietmar Spitzer and Michael Ortner

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 840; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130840 - 4 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1568

Abstract

Magnetic multimedia control elements have many advantages in comparison with other systems based on mechanical, electrical, or optical readout. For system layouting, the practicality of analytical models over extensive numerical simulation was demonstrated in the past. In this work, we apply the analytical [...] Read more.

Magnetic multimedia control elements have many advantages in comparison with other systems based on mechanical, electrical, or optical readout. For system layouting, the practicality of analytical models over extensive numerical simulation was demonstrated in the past. In this work, we apply the analytical approach to design magnetic multimedia control elements. Particularly, we focus on a joystick that includes only a single 3D magnetic sensor and can be used in continuous operating mode. Presented results relate to a system based on a single permanent magnet and a single 3D sensor. The scheme was used to build a prototype to perform prove of principle experiments. A semi-analytic method to determine positions of the joystick from the observed magnetic field is discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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3 pages, 383 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Mixed Cerium/Zirconium Oxide as a Material for Carbon Monoxide Thermocatalytic Gas Sensor

by Nikolay Samotaev and Alexey Vasiliev

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 841; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130841 - 4 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1242

Abstract

The perspective catalysts usable for the fabrication of thermocatalytic gas sensors were studied. The analysis of CO oxidation kinetics by Pd decorated Al₂O₃, ZSM-5, SnO₂, CeO₂/ZrO₂ and some other carriers of catalysts showed that [...] Read more.

The perspective catalysts usable for the fabrication of thermocatalytic gas sensors were studied. The analysis of CO oxidation kinetics by Pd decorated Al₂O₃, ZSM-5, SnO₂, CeO₂/ZrO₂ and some other carriers of catalysts showed that the application of these catalysts leads to the ambiguity of sensor response (light-off effect). It was demonstrated that a catalyst based on CeO₂/ZrO₂ carrier could be used for the fabrication of sensors characterized by the univocal correspondence between CO concentration and sensor response. The developed model of the CO oxidation on all Pd catalysts with inert carrier enabled the description of the CO oxidation using a single value of activation energy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1408 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Contactless Readout of Passive LC Sensors with Compensation Circuit for Distance-Independent Measurements

by Marco Baù, Marco Demori, Marco Ferrari and Vittorio Ferrari

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 842; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130842 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1795

Abstract

Contactless readout of passive LC sensors composed of a capacitance sensor connected to a coil can be performed through an electromagnetically coupled readout coil set at distance d. Resonant frequency f_s and Q-factor Q_S of the LC sensor can be [...] Read more.

Contactless readout of passive LC sensors composed of a capacitance sensor connected to a coil can be performed through an electromagnetically coupled readout coil set at distance d. Resonant frequency f_s and Q-factor Q_S of the LC sensor can be extracted from the measurement of the impedance at the readout coil by using a technique theoretically independent of d. This work investigates the effects on the measurement accuracy due to the unavoidable parasitic capacitance C_P in parallel to the readout coil, which makes the measured values of f_s and Q_S dependent on d. Numerical analysis and experimental tests confirm such dependence. To overcome this limitation, a novel electronic circuit topology for the compensation of C_P is proposed. The experimental results on assembled prototypes show that for a LC sensor with f_s ≈ 5.48 MHz a variation of less than 200 ppm across an interrogation distance between 2 and 18 mm is achieved with the proposed compensation circuit. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 949 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Responsitivity Measurement of a Lorentz Force Transducer for Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Magnetic Fields

by Matthias Kahr, Michael Stifter, Harald Steiner, Wilfried Hortschitz, Gabor Kovacs, Andreas Kainz, Johannes Schalko and Franz Keplinger

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 843; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130843 - 3 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1541

Abstract

This paper reports a MEMS gradiometer consisting of two independent, laterally oscillating masses on a single chip with integrated optical readout featuring a responsitivity of 35V/T at resonant operation. The symmetrical design of the two masses offers high accuracy and low cost by [...] Read more.

This paper reports a MEMS gradiometer consisting of two independent, laterally oscillating masses on a single chip with integrated optical readout featuring a responsitivity of 35V/T at resonant operation. The symmetrical design of the two masses offers high accuracy and low cost by using conventional MEMS batch fabrication technology. The sensing principle is based on lateral displacement of the masses actuated by Lorentz forces which modulates a light flux passing through a stationary mask and the moving mask integrated in the masses. Phase and intensity detected by photodiodes reveal information about the uniformity of an external applied magnetic field, hence, enables the measurement of gradient-, homogeneous- and offset gradient magnetic fields. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 394 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Influence of the Geometry on the LTCC Integrated Electrochemical Cells Performance

by Paulina Szymanowska, Damian Nowak and Tomasz Piasecki

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 844; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130844 - 3 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1140

Abstract

Miniaturized and integrated analytical devices, including chemical sensors, are at the forefront of modern analytical chemistry. The construction of novel analytical tools takes advantage of contemporary micro- and nanotechnologies, as well as materials science and technology. The goal of this study was investigate [...] Read more.

Miniaturized and integrated analytical devices, including chemical sensors, are at the forefront of modern analytical chemistry. The construction of novel analytical tools takes advantage of contemporary micro- and nanotechnologies, as well as materials science and technology. The goal of this study was investigate electron transfer resistance in model solution and protein adsorption using integrated electrochemical cell with different geometry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 569 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Top-Down Fabrication of Arrays of Vertical GaN Nanorods with Freestanding Top Contacts for Environmental Exposure

by Nicolai Markiewicz, Olga Casals, Muhammad Fahlesa Fatahilah, Klaas Strempel, Alaaeldin Gad, Hutomo Suryo Wasisto, Andreas Waag and Joan Daniel Prades

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 845; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130845 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1382

Abstract

Arrays of 1D-vertically arranged gallium nitride (GaN) nanorods (NRs) are fabricated on sapphire and connected to both bottom and freestanding top contacts. This shows a fully validated top-down method to obtain ordered arrays of high-surface-to-volume elements that can be electrically interrogated and used, [...] Read more.

Arrays of 1D-vertically arranged gallium nitride (GaN) nanorods (NRs) are fabricated on sapphire and connected to both bottom and freestanding top contacts. This shows a fully validated top-down method to obtain ordered arrays of high-surface-to-volume elements that can be electrically interrogated and used, e.g., for sensing applications. Specifically, these will be used as highly integrated heating elements for conductometric gas sensors in self-heating operation. Detailed fabrication and processing steps involving inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE), KOH-etching, interspace filling, and electron-beam physical vapor deposition technologies are discussed, in which they can be well adjusted and combined to obtain vertical GaN NRs as thin as 300 nm in arbitrarily large and regular arrays (e.g., 1 × 1, 3 × 3, 9 × 10 elements). These developed devices are proposed as a novel sensor platform for temperature-activated measurements that can be produced at a large scale offering low-power, and very stable temperature control. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 531 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Gas-Flow Sensor Based on Self-Oscillating and Self-Sensing Cantilever

by Jens-Peter Zöllner, Steve Durstewitz, Jaqueline Stauffenberg, Tzvetan Ivanov, Mathias Holz, Waleed Ehrhardt, W.-Ulrich Riegel and Ivo W. Rangelow

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 846; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130846 - 3 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1911

Abstract

In this work the application of a self-sensing and self-actuating cantilever for gas-flow measurement is investigated. The cantilever placed in the flow is excited permanently at its first resonance mode. Simultaneously the resonance amplitude, the resonance frequency and the static bending of the [...] Read more.

In this work the application of a self-sensing and self-actuating cantilever for gas-flow measurement is investigated. The cantilever placed in the flow is excited permanently at its first resonance mode. Simultaneously the resonance amplitude, the resonance frequency and the static bending of the cantilever are detected. All three sizes are related to the velocity of the gas-flow. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 305 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Apta- and Immuno-Sensors Performance Optimization: A Comparative Study of Surface Functionalization Techniques

by George Tsekenis, Valentina Vanikioti, Konstantinos Kordatos and Ioanna Zergioti

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 847; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130847 - 11 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1398

Abstract

Surface bio-functionalization plays a critical role in the performance of a biosensor and numerous techniques for the enhancement of a biosensor’s surface coverage with oriented capture biomolecules have been developed with the ultimate goal of optimizing a sensor’s performance in terms of its [...] Read more.

Surface bio-functionalization plays a critical role in the performance of a biosensor and numerous techniques for the enhancement of a biosensor’s surface coverage with oriented capture biomolecules have been developed with the ultimate goal of optimizing a sensor’s performance in terms of its sensitivity and linear response over a wide dynamic range. Herein, highlights of a comparative assessment into the most promising approaches to achieve this goal are being presented. For aptamer-modified surfaces, polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers and polysaccharide networks were employed with the obtained results clearly indicating that a much denser surface coverage with aptamers can be achieved with the use of the latter. For the functionalization of surfaces with antibodies, the orientation and density of immobilized antibodies onto recombinant protein A/G- or boronic acid-modified substrates were compared, with the former leading not only to increased antibody loading but also with such an orientation that permits enhanced antigen binding. The conclusions reached can be used as a starting point for the customization of sensor functionalization in a plethora of clinical, environmental and even food-industry-related biosensing platforms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1479 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Clamping and Q-Factor Improvement in a Carbon Nanotube Resonator

by Lalit Kumar, Laura Vera Jenni, Miroslav Haluska, Cosmin Ioan Roman and Christofer Hierold

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 848; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130848 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1503

Abstract

This work reports the clamping effects on the performance of a carbon nanotube based
nanoresonator. A direct comparison of two different nanotube-clamping geometries on the same
nanotube device is presented. The nanotube was mechanically dry transferred and clamped through
van-der-Waals forces onto palladium [...] Read more.

This work reports the clamping effects on the performance of a carbon nanotube based
nanoresonator. A direct comparison of two different nanotube-clamping geometries on the same
nanotube device is presented. The nanotube was mechanically dry transferred and clamped through
van-der-Waals forces onto palladium electrodes resulting in a bottom clamped configuration. A 20
nm platinum layer was then selectively deposited on the electrodes through atomic layer
deposition resulting in top-bottom clamped configuration. With top clamping, a Q-factor increase
of 1.5~2× has been observed accompanied by a decrease in the resonance frequency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 774 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Porous Polymer Based Flexible Pressure Sensors for Medical Applications

by Sylvie Bilent, Thi Hong Nhung Dinh, Emile Martincic and Pierre-Yves Joubert

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 849; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130849 - 4 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1651

Abstract

This paper focuses on the use of microporous PDMS foams as a highly deformable film to improve the sensitivity of flexible capacitive pressure sensor dedicated to wearable use. A fabrication process allowing the mechanical properties of foams to be adjusted is proposed together [...] Read more.

This paper focuses on the use of microporous PDMS foams as a highly deformable film to improve the sensitivity of flexible capacitive pressure sensor dedicated to wearable use. A fabrication process allowing the mechanical properties of foams to be adjusted is proposed together with a non-linear behavioral model used to objectively estimate the sensor performances in terms of sensitivity and measurement range. Sensors fabricated and characterized in this study show that the sensitivity and the measurement range can be adjusted from 0.14%/kPa up to 13.07%/kPa, and from 594 kPa to 183 kPa, respectively, while the PDMS film porosity ranges from 0% up to 85%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 626 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Estimation of the Particle Sizing Error Due to Particle Position in an Integrated PM2.5 Optical Particle Counter

by Jaka Pribošek and Georg Röhrer

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 850; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130850 - 4 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1519

Abstract

An increasing need for portable personal time- and size-resolved monitoring of the fine airborne particulate matter drives the development towards miniaturization and cost reduction of the optical particle counters. In an integrated design of the optical particle counters, the confinement of the air [...] Read more.

An increasing need for portable personal time- and size-resolved monitoring of the fine airborne particulate matter drives the development towards miniaturization and cost reduction of the optical particle counters. In an integrated design of the optical particle counters, the confinement of the air is becoming more critical, since variations in particle positions are getting bigger relative to the dimensions of the sensor. Variations in particle position directly affect the light collection angle and hence induce the particle sizing error. We have developed a 3D simulation framework based on a Lorentz-Mie theory and analyzed the effect of particle position on the particle sizing error. We show that the relative sizing error induced by particle position is detrimental and seriously limits the sizing performance of downscaled PM2.5 sensors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 733 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Miniaturized Coplanar Waveguide for Nanostructured Magnetostrictive Multilayer Characterization

by Abdelhatif El Fellahi, Aurélien Mazzamurro, Jean Claude Gerbedoen, Yannick Dusch, Olivier Bou Matar, Phillippe Pernod, Abdelkrim Talbi and Nicolas Tiercelin

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 851; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130851 - 17 Jan 2019

Viewed by 1372

Abstract

A miniaturized coplanar waveguide (CPW) on a Y-cut LiNbO3 substrate operating in Radio Frequency region (RF) is proposed for studying of magnetostrictive multi-layered structure. The structure is composed of a 14 × [TbCo₂ (3.7 nm)/FeCo (4 nm)] nanostructured multi-layer. Using microtechnology process, [...] Read more.

A miniaturized coplanar waveguide (CPW) on a Y-cut LiNbO3 substrate operating in Radio Frequency region (RF) is proposed for studying of magnetostrictive multi-layered structure. The structure is composed of a 14 × [TbCo₂ (3.7 nm)/FeCo (4 nm)] nanostructured multi-layer. Using microtechnology process, the miniaturized CPW has been designed with a 50 µm wide signal line in the frequency range from 6 MHz to 6 GHz. Electromagnetic simulations based on ^®Ansys/HFSS demonstrate insertion losses less than 2 dB and show that the magnetic field is more confined in the nanostructured multi-layer placed on top of the micro-sized CPW. By using Vectorial Network Analyzer (VNA) the Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR) is investigated from the reflection (Sii) or transmission (Sij) coefficients of scattering parameters. An inversion model is finally used to extract the complex permeability spectrum of the thin-film in a large frequency range. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 236 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Review of LiDAR Sensor Data Acquisition and Compression for Automotive Applications

by Ievgeniia Maksymova, Christian Steger and Norbert Druml

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 852; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130852 - 6 Dec 2018

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4147

Abstract

Due to specific dynamics of the operating environment and required safety regulations, the amount of acquired data of an automotive LiDAR sensor that has to be processed is reaching several Gbit/s. Therefore, data compression is much-needed to enable future multi-sensor automated vehicles. Numerous [...] Read more.

Due to specific dynamics of the operating environment and required safety regulations, the amount of acquired data of an automotive LiDAR sensor that has to be processed is reaching several Gbit/s. Therefore, data compression is much-needed to enable future multi-sensor automated vehicles. Numerous techniques have been developed to compress LiDAR raw data; however, these techniques are primarily targeting a compression of 3D point cloud, while the way data is captured and transferred from a sensor to an electronic computing unit (ECU) was left out. The purpose of this paper is to discuss and evaluate how various low-level compression algorithms could be used in the automotive LiDAR sensor in order to optimize on-chip storage capacity and link bandwidth. We also discuss relevant parameters that affect amount of collected data per second and what are the associated issues. After analyzing compressing approaches and identifying their limitations, we conclude several promising directions for future research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

5 pages, 692 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Simulation and Performance Optimization of an Amperometric Histamine Detection System

by Lisa-Marie Wagner, Matthias Pilecky, Giulia Mazza, Claudia Preininger and Martin Brandl

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 853; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130853 - 20 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1313

Abstract

One of the most widely known biogenic amines is histamine, which plays an important role in the human immune system. Some people suffer from allergic reactions after a histamine-rich diet; this is called histamine intolerance. The aim of this work is to develop [...] Read more.

One of the most widely known biogenic amines is histamine, which plays an important role in the human immune system. Some people suffer from allergic reactions after a histamine-rich diet; this is called histamine intolerance. The aim of this work is to develop a quick and reliable method for the detection and quantification of histamine in food, based on an electrochemical approach. In presence of biogenic amines, a reduction cascade induces a current at the working electrode. Prior to chronoamperometric measurements, Finite Elemente simulations were performed. The results are presented in this work. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 560 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Highly Sensitive NH₃ Sensors Using CVD and Epitaxial Graphene Functionalised with Vanadium(V) Oxide: A Comparative Study

by Margus Kodu, Artjom Berholts, Tauno Kahro, Jens Eriksson, Rositsa Yakimova, Tea Avarmaa, Indrek Renge, Harry Alles and Raivo Jaaniso

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 854; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130854 - 20 Nov 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1557

Abstract

Exceptionally sensitive and selective graphene-based chemiresistive gas sensors were produced as a result of graphene functionalisation with a sub-nanometer V₂O₅ layer by using the method of pulsed laser deposition. Two different types of graphene were used—epitaxial graphene on SiC and [...] Read more.

Exceptionally sensitive and selective graphene-based chemiresistive gas sensors were produced as a result of graphene functionalisation with a sub-nanometer V₂O₅ layer by using the method of pulsed laser deposition. Two different types of graphene were used—epitaxial graphene on SiC and CVD graphene on Si/SiO₂—and both showed remarkable enhancement of sensing properties in terms of response and recovery speed, response magnitude and selectiveness towards NH₃ gas. The epitaxial graphene-based sensor was demonstrating the highest relative response towards ammonia amounting to 80% for 0.1 ppm NH₃. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1505 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Characterization of a Micro-Opto-Mechanical Transducer for the Electric Field Strength

by Wilfried Hortschitz, Andreas Kainz, Harald Steiner, Gabor Kovacs, Michael Stifter, Matthias Kahr, Johannes Schalko and Franz Keplinger

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 855; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130855 - 21 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1869

Abstract

We report on a new optical sensing principle for measuring the electric field strength based on MEMS technology. This method allows for distortion-free and point-like measurements with high stability regarding temperature. The main focus of this paper rests on an enhanced measurement set-up [...] Read more.

We report on a new optical sensing principle for measuring the electric field strength based on MEMS technology. This method allows for distortion-free and point-like measurements with high stability regarding temperature. The main focus of this paper rests on an enhanced measurement set-up and the thereby obtained measurement results. These results reveal an improved resolution limit and point to the limitations of the current characterization approach. A resolution limit of 222 V/m was achieved while a further improvement of roughly one order of magnitude is feasible. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 321 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Artificial Landmarks for Autonomous Vehicles Based on Magnetic Sensors

by Tobias Mitterer, Harald Gietler, Lisa-Marie Faller and Hubert Zangl

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 856; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130856 - 20 Nov 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1384

Abstract

We propose to use an integration process based on Transducer Electronic Data Sheets applied to a magnetic sensor system for the realization of artificial landmarks. Magnetic sensors provide an advantageous alternative in surroundings where GPS and optical sensors do not work. These landmarks [...] Read more.

We propose to use an integration process based on Transducer Electronic Data Sheets applied to a magnetic sensor system for the realization of artificial landmarks. Magnetic sensors provide an advantageous alternative in surroundings where GPS and optical sensors do not work. These landmarks can be used by passing autonomous vehicles, e.g., drones, for re-orientation and re-calibration. To facilitate the usage of these landmarks also by any vehicle, known or unknown, a standardized process for automatic connection and identification of the landmarks is suggested. During this process, all necessary information such as protocols, calibration data etc. is made known to the vehicle passing by. Based on the provided information, the vehicle itself can decide whether and how to use the provided sensory information. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 743 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Optimized Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanofiber Webs for Flexible Energy Harvesters

by Debarun Sengupta, Aron Michael, Chee Yee Kwok, Jianmin Miao and Ajay Giri Prakash Kottapalli

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 857; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130857 - 20 Nov 2018

Viewed by 2168

Abstract

This work reports the process optimization of various electrospinning parameters to fabricate polyvinylidene fluoride based piezoelectric flexible nanofiber webs for passive sensing and energy harvesting applications. Process parameters like electrospinning voltage and drum speed have been taken into consideration while optimizing the electrospun [...] Read more.

This work reports the process optimization of various electrospinning parameters to fabricate polyvinylidene fluoride based piezoelectric flexible nanofiber webs for passive sensing and energy harvesting applications. Process parameters like electrospinning voltage and drum speed have been taken into consideration while optimizing the electrospun nanofiber webs for maximizing their piezoelectric property. Finally, the optimized recipe is used to fabricate a flexible PVDF nanofiber energy harvester to demonstrate the energy harvesting capability of such nanofiber webs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 805 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Thermal Modulation of a High-Bandwidth Gas Sensor Array in Real-Time for Application on a Mobile Robot

by Timothy A. Vincent, Yuxin Xing, Marina Cole and Julian W. Gardner

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 858; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130858 - 20 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1395

Abstract

A new signal processing technique has been developed for resistive metal oxide (MOX) gas sensors to enable high-bandwidth measurements and enhanced selectivity at PPM levels (<50 PPM VOCs). An embedded micro-heater is thermally pulsed from 225 to 350 °C, which enables the chemical [...] Read more.

A new signal processing technique has been developed for resistive metal oxide (MOX) gas sensors to enable high-bandwidth measurements and enhanced selectivity at PPM levels (<50 PPM VOCs). An embedded micro-heater is thermally pulsed from 225 to 350 °C, which enables the chemical reactions in the sensor film (e.g., SnO₂, WO₃, NiO) to be extracted using a fast Fourier transform. Signal processing is performed in real-time using a low-cost microcontroller integrated into a sensor module. The approach enables the remove of baseline drift and is resilient to environmental temperature changes. Bench-top experimental results are presented for 50 to 200 ppm of ethanol and CO, which demonstrate our sensor system can be used within a mobile robot. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 900 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Fog Effects on Time-of-Flight Imaging Investigated by Ray-Tracing Simulations

by Cristina Consani, Norbert Druml, Markus Dielacher and Marcus Baumgart

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 859; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130859 - 29 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2237

Abstract

Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensors are a key technology for autonomous vehicles and autonomous mobile robotics. Quantifying the extent of perturbation induced by atmospheric phenomena on ToF imaging is critical to identify effective correction strategies. Here we present an approach that uses optical ray-tracing to [...] Read more.

Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensors are a key technology for autonomous vehicles and autonomous mobile robotics. Quantifying the extent of perturbation induced by atmospheric phenomena on ToF imaging is critical to identify effective correction strategies. Here we present an approach that uses optical ray-tracing to simulate the ToF image, while the distance information is recovered by analyzing the optical path of each ray. Such an approach allows, for example, understanding the effects of different ray paths on the ToF image, or testing various retrieval/correction algorithms upon running a single ray-tracing simulation. By modelling several scattering scenarios, we show that ranging errors arise mostly from light backscattered to the sensor prior reaching the scene. Scattering events close to the sensors (<1 m) have the largest influence, therefore strategies capable of filtering out signals from distances shorter than the range of interest can significantly improve the accuracy of ToF sensors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 559 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Sensorized Insole for Diabetic Foot Monitoring

by Gabriele Rescio, Alessandro Leone, Luca Francioso and Pietro Siciliano

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 860; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130860 - 26 Nov 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1998

Abstract

Several wearable technologies for the prevention of diabetic foot ulcers have been developed by the scientific community. However, they are often very invasive and normally just one parameter between pressure loads or temperature is acquired. Moreover the amount of thermal reading points is [...] Read more.

Several wearable technologies for the prevention of diabetic foot ulcers have been developed by the scientific community. However, they are often very invasive and normally just one parameter between pressure loads or temperature is acquired. Moreover the amount of thermal reading points is lower than 5 and the accuracy of thermal sensors is greater than 0.5 °C. This work presents a low invasive and accurate smart insole in which both temperature and pressure data are acquired in 8 reading points and then transmitted to a gateway, through a wireless protocol, in order to communicate the foot health status to the caregiver. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 485 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

3D Printed Capacitive Fluid Level Sensor

by Ali Abdallah, Manfred Pauritsch, Christian Gasser, Florian Stangl, Matthias Primas and Udo Traussnigg

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 861; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130861 - 21 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1675

Abstract

A three dimensional, additively manufactured interdigital capacitive sensor for fluid level measurement applications is introduced. The device was fabricated using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing (AM) process and an off the shelf conductive filament with a volume resistivity ρ = 0.6 [...] Read more.

A three dimensional, additively manufactured interdigital capacitive sensor for fluid level measurement applications is introduced. The device was fabricated using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing (AM) process and an off the shelf conductive filament with a volume resistivity ρ = 0.6 Ω cm. The 3D fabrication process allows great flexibility in terms of sensor ̇ design and an increase of the surface area between the electrodes, compensating the relatively large plate separation and yielding a high sensitivity to increasing fluid levels. The measurements presented in this abstract show the average increase of capacitance in response to an incrementally increasing volume of de-ionized water (DI-water) filled between the separate digits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1657 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Flexible Simulation Platform for Multilayer Piezoelectric MEMS Microphones with Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) Evaluation

by Fabrizio Cerini and Silvia Adorno

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 862; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130862 - 23 Nov 2018

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2383

Abstract

A flexible simulation platform to design new piezoelectric MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) microphones with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) evaluation is presented. The platform is made of two blocks: a multiphysical FEM model, in order to study the acoustic, mechanical and electrical behavior of the MEMS [...] Read more.

A flexible simulation platform to design new piezoelectric MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) microphones with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) evaluation is presented. The platform is made of two blocks: a multiphysical FEM model, in order to study the acoustic, mechanical and electrical behavior of the MEMS structure, and an equivalent electro-mechanical-acoustic lumped-element model, which allows studying the microphone system, i.e. the MEMS-package-ASIC interaction. The platform gives precise estimation of sensitivity and SNR, key parameters of a microphone. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 745 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Compact Robust OWLS System for Biosensing of Multiple Samples

by Mauricio Moreno-Sereno, Nasser Darwish-Miranda, Miquel Giménez-Conejo, Francisco Palacio-Bonet, Iván Bernat-Ubiaga and Albert Romano-Rodríguez

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 863; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130863 - 28 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1229

Abstract

A compact multichannel and portable OWLS (Optical Waveguide Light Mode Spectroscopy) biosensor will be presented. With a sensitivity of 16.3°/RIU (degrees per refractive index unit) it incorporates on-line reference and high potential for further miniaturization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 753 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Hybrid Photonic Crystal-Surface Plasmon Polariton Waveguiding System for On-Chip Sensing Applications

by Reyhaneh Jannesari, Banafsheh Abasahl, Thomas Grille and Bernhard Jakoby

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 864; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130864 - 21 Nov 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1507

Abstract

In this paper, a hybrid optical guiding system based on low group velocity offered by photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides and vertical confinement as well as high field enhancement of. Surface lasmon polaritons (SPP) is proposed. We show that for efficient sensing, conventional two-dimensional [...] Read more.

In this paper, a hybrid optical guiding system based on low group velocity offered by photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides and vertical confinement as well as high field enhancement of. Surface lasmon polaritons (SPP) is proposed. We show that for efficient sensing, conventional two-dimensional PhC waveguides with finite height require a high aspect ratio in the order of 30 in order to efficiently confine the guiding mode. The fabrication of devices with such a high aspect ratio is considered too challenging and inefficient for mass production. By combining a PhC waveguide and SPPs, the proposed system efficiently confines the optical mode vertically while benefiting from the lateral confinement enabled by PhC structures. As a result, the required aspect ratio drops to about 4 making the fabrication in large scale feasible. This design provides strong light-matter interaction within small dimensions, which is beneficial for miniaturizing on-chip photonic sensors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 565 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Microwave Oscillator Design for a SRR Based Biosensor Platform

by Martin Brandl and Lisa-Marie Wagner

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 865; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130865 - 21 Nov 2018

Viewed by 2147

Abstract

A sensor for biomedical markers based on a split ring microwave resonator (SRR) was developed. The surface of the microwave resonator is covered with receptors that specifically bind to the target proteins where the local permittivity is changed. The resonator is part of [...] Read more.

A sensor for biomedical markers based on a split ring microwave resonator (SRR) was developed. The surface of the microwave resonator is covered with receptors that specifically bind to the target proteins where the local permittivity is changed. The resonator is part of a microwave oscillator circuit. Changes in the local permittivity caused by coupling of the target proteins result in a change of oscillator frequency which can be easily and accurate measured with high sensitivity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 574 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Pinhole microLED Array as Point Source Illumination for Miniaturized Lensless Cell Monitoring Systems

by Shinta Mariana, Gregor Scholz, Feng Yu, Agus Budi Dharmawan, Iqbal Syamsu, Joan Daniel Prades, Andreas Waag and Hutomo Suryo Wasisto

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 866; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130866 - 21 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2137

Abstract

Pinhole‐shaped light‐emitting diode (LED) arrays with dimension ranging from 100 μm down to 5 μm have been developed as point illumination sources. The proposed microLED arrays, which are based on gallium nitride (GaN) technology and emitting in the blue spectral region (λ = [...] Read more.

Pinhole‐shaped light‐emitting diode (LED) arrays with dimension ranging from 100 μm down to 5 μm have been developed as point illumination sources. The proposed microLED arrays, which are based on gallium nitride (GaN) technology and emitting in the blue spectral region (λ = 465 nm), are integrated into a compact lensless holographic microscope for a non‐invasive, label‐free cell sensing and imaging. From the experimental results using single pinhole LEDs having a diameter of 90 μm, the reconstructed images display better resolution and enhanced image quality compared to those captured using a commercial surface‐mount device (SMD)‐based LED. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1718 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Multiparameter Sensor Array for Gas Composition Monitoring

by Arjen Boersma, Jörgen Sweelssen and Huib Blokland

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 867; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130867 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1293

Abstract

In the energy transition from fossil to renewable resources, gas is foreseen to play an important role. However, the composition of the gas is expected to change due to a wider variation of sources. In order to mitigate potential challenges for distributors and [...] Read more.

In the energy transition from fossil to renewable resources, gas is foreseen to play an important role. However, the composition of the gas is expected to change due to a wider variation of sources. In order to mitigate potential challenges for distributors and end-users, a new low-cost gas composition sensor was developed that will be able to monitor the composition and energy content of these gas sources, ranging from biogas to liquid natural gas (LNG). Together with industrial and academic partners a gas sensor was realized that can be inserted in an existing gas grid. A first demonstrator was realized that was small enough to be used in low and medium pressure gas pipes (100 mbarg—8 barg). Adding the pressure and temperature data to the chip readings enables to determine the concentrations of methane, ethane, propane, butane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide, including small fluctuations in water vapor pressure and subsequently calculate the Calorific Value, Wobbe Index and Methane Number. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 638 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Novel MEMS Sensor for Detecting Magnetic Particles in Liquids

by Florian Patocka, Matthias Schlögl, Michael Schneider and Ulrich Schmid

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 868; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130868 - 23 Nov 2018

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1460

Abstract

We present a novel MEMS sensor for the detection of magnetic particles in liquids, which consists of a microcantilever excited piezoelectrically in resonance and having an integrated planar coil on its free end. Due to the latter component, magnetic particles are attracted and [...] Read more.

We present a novel MEMS sensor for the detection of magnetic particles in liquids, which consists of a microcantilever excited piezoelectrically in resonance and having an integrated planar coil on its free end. Due to the latter component, magnetic particles are attracted and accumulate on the sensor surface. The additional mass introduced by the particles changes the resonance frequency of the microcantilever serving as measured quantity. To evaluate our design, we dispersed 250 nm iron-oxide particles in de-ionized water and monitored the resonance frequency during particle accumulation. 100 min after measurement start, a total resonance frequency shift of 6 kHz was found, which can easily be measured and shows the high potential of the proposed sensor design. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 432 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Novel Transparent pH Sensor Based on a Nanostructured ITO Electrode Coated with [3,3′-Co(1,2-C2B9H11)2]-Doped Poly(pyrrole)

by Raquel Pruna, Francisco Palacio, Isabel Fuentes, Clara Viñas, Francesc Teixidor and Manuel López

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 869; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130869 - 23 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1242

Abstract

A novel transparent and nanostructured ion-sensitive electrode based on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated with cobaltbis(dicarbollide)-doped poly(pyrrole) (PPy) is presented in this work. This metallacarborane-doped PPy was used as conducting polymer due to its high stability and chemical resistance. The ion-sensitive electrode was [...] Read more.

A novel transparent and nanostructured ion-sensitive electrode based on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated with cobaltbis(dicarbollide)-doped poly(pyrrole) (PPy) is presented in this work. This metallacarborane-doped PPy was used as conducting polymer due to its high stability and chemical resistance. The ion-sensitive electrode was coupled to a miniaturized and low-cost potentiostat, in a final autonomous kit for potentiometric determination of pH. Qualitative calibration of the system revealed Nernstian behavior, resulting promising for novel point-of-care biomedical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 905 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Integration of Paper Based Electro-Osmotic Pumps to Continuous Microfluidic Channels

by Kerem Kaya, Ahmet Yasin Celik and Senol Mutlu

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 870; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130870 - 26 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1304

Abstract

This work reports for the first-time integration of continuous microfluidic channels to the paper-based electro-osmotic pumps (EOPs) with liquid bridges. In addition, 0.2 μm pore sized cellulose acetate (CA) membrane filter is used to eliminate pressure-driven flow instead of filter paper which is [...] Read more.

This work reports for the first-time integration of continuous microfluidic channels to the paper-based electro-osmotic pumps (EOPs) with liquid bridges. In addition, 0.2 μm pore sized cellulose acetate (CA) membrane filter is used to eliminate pressure-driven flow instead of filter paper which is common in paper microfluidics and has an average pore size of 10 μm. A factor of 57 increase in hydraulic resistance is achieved with the new paper. Fabrication of the pumps and microfluidic channels using paper, wax, adhesive film and PMMA plates is explained. Volumetric flow rate of 19 nL/min is achieved in the microfluidic system with 61 V/cm electrical field magnitude applied to DI water. The capability of the integrated system is shown with precise liquid motion in a Y-shaped microfluidic channel integrated with two EOPs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 472 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Sensing Characteristics of Smart Microsensor Systems for Measuring Relative Humidity in Pressurized Air

by Fabian Weller, Dino Keller, Sascha Wettstein and Markus Graf

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 871; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130871 - 19 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1920

Abstract

The detailed experimental investigation of the performance of a commercially available smart humidity sensor used for the measurement of relative humidity at elevated pressures (0.1–2 MPa) is reported. A dedicated set-up was developed for generating defined humidities in pressurized air. The measurements reveal [...] Read more.

The detailed experimental investigation of the performance of a commercially available smart humidity sensor used for the measurement of relative humidity at elevated pressures (0.1–2 MPa) is reported. A dedicated set-up was developed for generating defined humidities in pressurized air. The measurements reveal that the pressure coefficient of the sensor deviation at a given relative humidity condition cannot be attributed solely to the enhancement factor of the humid air. For such microsensors, an additional sensor-specific pressure compensation factor was determined which is significant for precise measurements in applications with pressurized air. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 383 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design of Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors Functionalized with Bisphenol S Based Molecules for Lead Ions Detection

by Ghada Attia, Zineb Khaldi, Seyfeddine Rahali, Najla Fourati, Chouki Zerrouki, Rachida Zerrouki, Mahamadou Seydou, Nourdin Yaakoubi and Rafik Ben Chaabane

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 872; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130872 - 26 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1363

Abstract

This study concerns the design of surface acoustic wave sensors functionalized with bisphenol S based molecules for lead ions detection. (4-hydroxyphenyl, 4′-benzyloxyphenyl) sulfone (M1), (4-hydroxyphenyl,4′-anthrylmethyloxyphenyl) sulfone (M2) and (4,4′-bis (anthrylmethyloxyphenyl)) sulfone (M3) were synthesized and then drop-coated on the SAWs sensing areas. Gravimetric [...] Read more.

This study concerns the design of surface acoustic wave sensors functionalized with bisphenol S based molecules for lead ions detection. (4-hydroxyphenyl, 4′-benzyloxyphenyl) sulfone (M1), (4-hydroxyphenyl,4′-anthrylmethyloxyphenyl) sulfone (M2) and (4,4′-bis (anthrylmethyloxyphenyl)) sulfone (M3) were synthesized and then drop-coated on the SAWs sensing areas. Gravimetric results indicate that the limit of detection of the three sensors is in the picomolar range and that the M3/SAW sensor has the highest affinity towards lead ions compared to M1/SAW and M2/SAW. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were investigated to support experimental results and to understand the nature of interactions involved between lead ions and the three synthetized molecules. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 597 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Versatile and Automated 3D Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Patterning for Large-Scale Fabrication of Organ-on-Chip (OOC) Components

by Nikolas Gaio, Sebastiaan Kersjes, William Quiros Solano, Pasqualina Sarro and Ronald Dekker

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 873; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130873 - 5 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1594

Abstract

We present a reproducible process to directly pattern 3-Dimensional (3D) polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) structures for Organ-on-Chips (OOC) via automated molding. The presented process employs a commercially available system from IC packaging improving the fabrication process for microfluidic channels and thin membranes, which are components [...] Read more.

We present a reproducible process to directly pattern 3-Dimensional (3D) polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) structures for Organ-on-Chips (OOC) via automated molding. The presented process employs a commercially available system from IC packaging improving the fabrication process for microfluidic channels and thin membranes, which are components frequently used in OOCs. The process removes the manual steps used previously in the fabrication of microfluidic channels and improves the control over the thickness of the PDMS layers. The process was also employed to fabricate and pattern thin PDMS membranes on silicon wafers, without the use of lithography and etching steps and in combination with 3D structures. The use of foil assisted molding techniques presented in this work is an important step toward the large-scale manufacturing of OOCs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 432 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Gas Sensing Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles

by Juan Casanova-Cháfer, Èric Navarrete and Eduard Llobet

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 874; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130874 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1297

Abstract

The properties of Iridium oxide (IrO₂) decorated Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (IrO₂-MWCNTs) are studied for detecting nitrogen dioxide and ammonia vapors. IrO₂ nanoparticles were synthetized using a hydrolysis and acid condensation growth mechanism, and subsequently employed for decorating the [...] Read more.

The properties of Iridium oxide (IrO₂) decorated Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (IrO₂-MWCNTs) are studied for detecting nitrogen dioxide and ammonia vapors. IrO₂ nanoparticles were synthetized using a hydrolysis and acid condensation growth mechanism, and subsequently employed for decorating the sidewalls of carbon nanotubes. Decorated MWCNTs films were deposited onto SiO₂/Si substrates for achieving chemoresistive gas sensors. NO₂ and NH₃ gases were detected under different experimental conditions. Higher and more stable responses towards NH₃ and NO₂ were observed for iridium-oxide nanoparticle decorated MWCNT material, compared to bare MWCNT material. Raman Spectroscopy was employed to study the nanomaterials and the optimal operating temperatures were determined. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 571 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Double-Ended Tuning Fork Based Resonant Pressure Micro-Sensor Relying on Electrostatic Excitation and Piezoresistive Detection

by Xiaoqing Shi, Yulan Lu, Bo Xie, Chao Xiang, Junbo Wang, Deyong Chen and Jian Chen

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 875; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130875 - 27 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1360

Abstract

This study proposes a microfabricated resonant pressure sensor based on electrostatic excitation and low-impedance piezoresistive detection in which a pair of double-ended tuning forks were utilized as resonators for differential outputs. In operations, targeted pressures deforms the pressure-sensitive membrane, resulting in stress variations [...] Read more.

This study proposes a microfabricated resonant pressure sensor based on electrostatic excitation and low-impedance piezoresistive detection in which a pair of double-ended tuning forks were utilized as resonators for differential outputs. In operations, targeted pressures deforms the pressure-sensitive membrane, resulting in stress variations of two resonators, leading to shifts of the intrinsic resonant frequencies, which were then measured piezoresistively. The developed microfabricated resonant pressure sensor was fabricated using simple SOI-MEMS processes and quantified in both open-loop and closed-loop manners, where the quality factor, differential sensitivity and linear correlation coefficient were quantified as higher than 10,000, 79.4 Hz/kPa and 0.99999, respectively. Compared to previous resonant piezoresistive sensors, the developed device leveraged single-crystal silicon as the piezoresistor, with advantages in simple sensing structures and fabrication steps. Furthermore, the differential setup was adopted in this study which can further improve the performances of the developed sensors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 504 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Tomographic Measurement of Ammonia Distribution on a Hot Gas Test Bench

by Bernhard Fischbacher, Bernhard Lechner and Bernhard Brandstätter

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 876; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130876 - 30 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1114

Abstract

In situ optical measurement systems for gas detection with high temporal resolution enable new possibilities of detection opportunities for continuous pipe gas streams. A tomographic absorption-based measurement system has been developed to detect the ammonia (NH₃) concentration distribution within an exhaust [...] Read more.

In situ optical measurement systems for gas detection with high temporal resolution enable new possibilities of detection opportunities for continuous pipe gas streams. A tomographic absorption-based measurement system has been developed to detect the ammonia (NH₃) concentration distribution within an exhaust pipe on a hot gas test bench. Multiple ammonia line concentrations are measured in situ by applying nondispersive absorption spectroscopy in the deep ultraviolet (DUV) region. The detectors consist of photodiodes in combination with optimized transimpedance amplifiers (TIV) allowing high sampling rates up to 3 kHz while providing a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Despite the short path length of only eight centimeters a detection limit of 1 ppm has been achieved. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1023 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Continuous Live-Cell Culture Monitoring by Compact Lensless LED Microscopes

by Gregor Scholz, Shinta Mariana, Iqbal Syamsu, Agus Budi Dharmawan, Torben Schulze, Kai Mattern, Philipp Hörmann, Jana Hartmann, Andreas Dietzel, Ingo Rustenbeck, Karsten Hiller, Joan Daniel Prades, Andreas Waag and Hutomo Suryo Wasisto

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 877; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130877 - 5 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2436

Abstract

A compact lensless microscope comprising a custom-made LED engine and a CMOS imaging sensor has been developed for live-cell culture imaging inside a cell incubator environment. The imaging technique is based on digital inline-holographic microscopy, while the image reconstruction is carried out by [...] Read more.

A compact lensless microscope comprising a custom-made LED engine and a CMOS imaging sensor has been developed for live-cell culture imaging inside a cell incubator environment. The imaging technique is based on digital inline-holographic microscopy, while the image reconstruction is carried out by angular spectrum approach with a custom written software. The system was tested with various biological samples including immortalized mouse astrocyte cells inside a petri dish. Besides the imaging possibility, the capability of automated cell counting and tracking could be demonstrated. By using image sensors capable of video frame rate, time series of cell movement can be captured. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1560 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A CMOS-Based Thermopile Array Fabricated on a Single SiO₂ Membrane

by Richard Hopper, Syed Zeeshan Ali, Sophie Boual, Andrea De Luca, Ying Dai, Daniel Popa and Florin Udrea

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 878; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130878 - 22 Nov 2018

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2146

Abstract

We present a novel thermopile-based infrared (IR) sensor array fabricated on a single CMOS dielectric membrane, comprising of poly-silicon p⁺ and n⁺ elements. Processing of the chip is simplified by fabricating the entire array on a single membrane and by using [...] Read more.

We present a novel thermopile-based infrared (IR) sensor array fabricated on a single CMOS dielectric membrane, comprising of poly-silicon p⁺ and n⁺ elements. Processing of the chip is simplified by fabricating the entire array on a single membrane and by using standard CMOS Al metal layers for thermopile cold junction heatsinking. On a chip area of 1.76 mm × 1.76 mm, with a membrane size of 1.2 mm × 1.2 mm, we fabricated IR sensor arrays with 8 × 8 to 100 × 100 pixels. The 8 × 8 pixel device has <2% thermal crosstalk, a responsivity of 36 V/W and enhanced optical absorption in the 8–14 µm waveband, making it particularly suitable for people presence sensing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 747 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design of Miniaturized, Self-Out-Readable Cantilever Resonator for Highly Sensitive Airborne Nanoparticle Detection

by Maik Bertke, Jiushuai Xu, Michael Fahrbach, Andi Setiono, Gerry Hamdana, Hutomo Suryo Wasisto and Erwin Peiner

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 879; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130879 - 3 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1267

Abstract

In this paper, a self-out-readable, miniaturized cantilever resonator for highly sensitive
airborne nanoparticle (NP) detection is presented. The cantilever, which is operated in the
fundamental in-plane resonance mode, is used as a microbalance with femtogram resolution. To
achieve a maximum measurement signal of [...] Read more.

In this paper, a self-out-readable, miniaturized cantilever resonator for highly sensitive
airborne nanoparticle (NP) detection is presented. The cantilever, which is operated in the
fundamental in-plane resonance mode, is used as a microbalance with femtogram resolution. To
achieve a maximum measurement signal of the piezo resistive Wheatstone half-bridge, the
geometric parameters of the sensor design were optimized by finite element modelling (FEM).
Struts at the sides of the cantilever resonator act as piezo resistors and enable an electrical read-out
of the phase information of the cantilever movement whereby they do not contribute to the
resonators rest mass. For the optimized design, a resonator mass of 0.93 ng, a resonance frequency
of ~440 kHz, and thus a theoretical sensitivity of 4.23 fg/Hz can be achieved. A μ-channel guiding a
particle-laden air flow towards the cantilever is integrated into the sensor chip. Electrically charged
NPs will be collected by an electrostatic field between the cantilever and a counter-electrode at the
edges of the μ-channel. Such μ-channels will also be used to accomplish particle separation for sizeselective
NP detection. Throughout, the presented airborne NP sensor is expected to demonstrate
significant improvements in the field of handheld, MEMS-based NP monitoring devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1179 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Pixel-Wise Multispectral Sensing System Using Nanostructured Filter Matrix for Biomedical Applications

by Wenze Wu, Leonard Weber, Finn-Niclas Stapelfeldt, Peter Hinze, Thomas Weimann, Bernd Bodermann, Stefanie Kroker, Joan Daniel Prades, Hutomo Suryo Wasisto and Andreas Waag

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 880; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130880 - 29 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2238

Abstract

In this work, a novel multispectral sensing system consisting of nanostructured filter matrix and a charge-coupled device (CCD)-based image sensor has been developed to overcome the limitation of the conventional pigment filtered sensors, which are difficult to be fabricated at a microscale and [...] Read more.

In this work, a novel multispectral sensing system consisting of nanostructured filter matrix and a charge-coupled device (CCD)-based image sensor has been developed to overcome the limitation of the conventional pigment filtered sensors, which are difficult to be fabricated at a microscale and usually showing a pronounced degradation. By designing the filters in guided-mode resonance (GMR) architecture, light transmission efficiencies of ~90% with low sidebands and sharp peaks can be obtained, which are critical characteristics for realizing precise optical measurement systems. To optimize the transmission functions, various materials and structural parameters have been simulated. Electron beam nanolithography is employed in the device fabrication to fabricate pixel-wise independent filter functions. After being characterized in terms of their wavelength filtering capability, the developed GMR filters are then combined with image sensors, particularly for addressing biological applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 356 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Development of a Device for Staged Determination of Water Activity and Moisture Content

by Carlo Tiebe, Marc Detjens, Annika Fechner, Stefanie Sielemann, Andreas Lorek, Roland Wernecke and Hartmut Stoltenberg

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 881; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130881 - 10 Dec 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1381

Abstract

Moisture content and water activity are important parameters for quality characterization
of products like bulk materials, powders, granules. Thus, an exact determination is necessarily
required in a wide range of industrial applications. Moisture of materials is the content of
non-chemically bound water in [...] Read more.

Moisture content and water activity are important parameters for quality characterization
of products like bulk materials, powders, granules. Thus, an exact determination is necessarily
required in a wide range of industrial applications. Moisture of materials is the content of
non-chemically bound water in a solid or liquid. Water activity (aw) is a characteristic/parameter of
the non-chemically bound (“free”) water in materials and is measured as humidity over a
solid/liquid surface at constant temperature (equilibrium moisture content). It is an important
parameter to characterize the quality of e.g., pharmaceutical and food products. In our
contribution, we present the developed MOISHUM device for staged determination of water
activity and moisture content of liquid and solid materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 969 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Inkjet-Printing Polymer Nanocomposite for Detecting VOCs

by Mohammad Madhi Kiaee, Thomas Maeder and Juergen Brugger

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 882; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130882 - 21 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1473

Abstract

Polymer nanocomposite (PNC) inks containing polyvinylpyrrolidone with a molecular weight of 40 kDa (PVP40) and a high structure carbon black (CB) were formulated for gas sensing applications. The formulation was optimized for inkjet printing by using a co-solvent system and tuning the ink’s [...] Read more.

Polymer nanocomposite (PNC) inks containing polyvinylpyrrolidone with a molecular weight of 40 kDa (PVP40) and a high structure carbon black (CB) were formulated for gas sensing applications. The formulation was optimized for inkjet printing by using a co-solvent system and tuning the ink’s viscosity. The Ink loaded with 10 wt.% PVP40, dissolved in a solvent mixture containing 70 wt.% deionized water and 30 wt.% gamma-butyrolactone showed an excellent printability. Adding up to 13 wt.% CB particles to the ink, with respect to polymer content, did not affect its printability. Printing PNC onto the sensor platform and measuring its response towards ethanol, acetone and humidity showed the higher affinity of the PNC to humidity and ethanol. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 780 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Sensors for Thermal Characterization of Solid and Liquid Samples by 3-Omega Method

by Kestutis Grigoras, Aapo Varpula, Corinna Grosse, Daniel May, Mohamad Abo Ras and Mika Prunnila

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 883; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130883 - 28 Nov 2018

Viewed by 2119

Abstract

Microchips have been designed and fabricated for the fast thermal characterization of samples by extension of the 3-omega method. Both solid and liquid samples can be measured by applying a small amount of material under investigation on the chip containing a micro heater/sensor. [...] Read more.

Microchips have been designed and fabricated for the fast thermal characterization of samples by extension of the 3-omega method. Both solid and liquid samples can be measured by applying a small amount of material under investigation on the chip containing a micro heater/sensor. Two types of chips have been fabricated and tested: silicon chips with porous silicon (PS) layer as thermal isolator and glass chips with through glass vias (TGVs) for the back side contacting of the top side heater/sensor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 567 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Energy Harvesting Powered Wireless Vibration Analyser

by Miklós Szappanos, János Radó, Gábor Battistig, Péter Földesy and János Volk

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 884; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130884 - 29 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1287

Abstract

In this work we present a complex, wireless, ambient energy powered and easy-to-use solution for vibration analysis. It is designed to incorporate the latest commercial technologies and achievements in the field of energy harvesting and wireless sensor networks with an emphasis on energy [...] Read more.

In this work we present a complex, wireless, ambient energy powered and easy-to-use solution for vibration analysis. It is designed to incorporate the latest commercial technologies and achievements in the field of energy harvesting and wireless sensor networks with an emphasis on energy efficient spectrum estimation algorithms for embedded systems. This solution is realized on a small printed circuit board and contains all the necessary circuit components for hybrid energy harvesting; acceleration sensing; data acquisition, storing and analysis; and wireless communication. The on-board microcontroller was programmed to choose the most energy-efficient data handling algorithm (direct transfer or embedded analysis) based on the weighed combination of user settings and ambient energy. We tested and calibrated our system in laboratory environment with reference sensors, as well as in an engine room, simulating practical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 361 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Waveguide Sensor Detecting Fluid Flow Velocity by Mimicking the Fish Lateral Line Organ

by Bianca Wiesmayr, Michael Krieger, Werner Baumgartner and Anna T. Stadler

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 885; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130885 - 23 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1240

Abstract

Accurate measurement of fluid flow velocities is challenging but essential in many disciplines. Inspiration of possible measurement methods can come from nature, for example from the lateral line organ of fish, which is comprised of hair cells embedded in a gelatinous cupula. When [...] Read more.

Accurate measurement of fluid flow velocities is challenging but essential in many disciplines. Inspiration of possible measurement methods can come from nature, for example from the lateral line organ of fish, which is comprised of hair cells embedded in a gelatinous cupula. When the cupula is deflected by water movement, the hair cells initiate neural signals that generate an accurate image of the fish’s surroundings. We built a flow sensor mimicking a hair cell, yet coupled it with an optical detection method. Fluid flow bends the waveguide; this leads to a measurable light loss that depends linearly on the waveguide deflection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 528 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Silk Fibroin Pads for Whole Blood Glucose Determination

by Augusto Márquez, Salvador D. Aznar-Cervantes, J. L. Cenis, Carlos Domínguez and Xavier Muñoz-Berbel

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 886; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130886 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1716

Abstract

In this work, we present a durable and miniaturized photonic lab on a chip (PhLOC) integrating functionalized silk fibroin pads for optical glucose quantification in whole blood samples. The PhLOC consists of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) disposable structure for the pad holding and [...] Read more.

In this work, we present a durable and miniaturized photonic lab on a chip (PhLOC) integrating functionalized silk fibroin pads for optical glucose quantification in whole blood samples. The PhLOC consists of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) disposable structure for the pad holding and a coupling system for commercial optic fibers connection. The silk matrix, together with the PMMA design, has the capability to separate the plasma from the cell fraction of whole blood by plasma diffusion into the silk, minimizing the absorbance interferences from the hemoglobin of the erythrocytes. Then, the enzymes present in the matrix react with the glucose in the sample and produce a color change in an amplified process where the analyte—mediator—matrix interacts sequentially, increasing the common signal from the oxidized mediator (2 fold). The sensor works in the adequate linear range to distinguish between healthy and unhealthy glucose levels (0 to 12 mM), with a sensitivity of 0.084 a.u. mM⁻¹, a limit of detection of 0.18 mM and a limit of quantification of 1.44 mM. Furthermore, durability of the sensor is remarkable, maintaining its response unchangeable during the first 7 months of tests. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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6 pages, 1184 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Area-Selective Growth of Aligned ZnO Nanorod Arrays for MEMS Device Applications

by Jiushuai Xu, Klass Strempel, Hao Zhou, Andreas Waag, Maik Bertke, Angelika Schmidt and Erwin Peiner

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 887; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130887 - 23 Nov 2018

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1471

Abstract

ZnO nanorods (NRs) arrays with good vertical alignment were selectively grown on microscale patterned surfaces by a MEMS-compatible, low-temperature chemical-bath deposition method (CBD). The direct-current (DC) sputtered and subsequently annealed ZnO seed-layer was found to have a crucial effect on the ZnO NRs [...] Read more.

ZnO nanorods (NRs) arrays with good vertical alignment were selectively grown on microscale patterned surfaces by a MEMS-compatible, low-temperature chemical-bath deposition method (CBD). The direct-current (DC) sputtered and subsequently annealed ZnO seed-layer was found to have a crucial effect on the ZnO NRs growth. Depending on the pre-annealing temperature between 200 °C and 700 °C, which is compatible with our microcantilever fabrication process, diameters and area densities of the NRs of 60–99 nm and 17–27 µm⁻² were observed, respectively, with the best alignment at 600 °C. A surface-area enlargement factor of 48 was achieved with respect to a ZnO layer indicating the potential of ZnO NRs arrays for MEMS applications, such as gas sensing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1117 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

UV-LED Photo-Activated Room Temperature NO2 Sensors Based on Nanostructured ZnO/AlN Thin Films

by Tony Granz, Marius Temming, Jiushuai Xu, Qomaruddin, Cristian Fabrega, Nurhalis Majid, Gerhard Lilienkamp, Winfried Daum, Erwin Peiner, Joan Daniel Prades, Andreas Waag and Hutomo Suryo Wasisto

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 888; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130888 - 11 Feb 2019

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1806

Abstract

UV-light emitting diodes (395–278 nm) were used to investigate the gas sensing attributes of planar and nanostructured ZnO/AlN thin films on Si substrate towards NO₂ at room temperature. A significant increased sensitivity ((Rg − Ra)/Ra = 65.3 [...] Read more.

UV-light emitting diodes (395–278 nm) were used to investigate the gas sensing attributes of planar and nanostructured ZnO/AlN thin films on Si substrate towards NO₂ at room temperature. A significant increased sensitivity ((Rg − Ra)/Ra = 65.3 ppm NO₂ in air) and a strong reduction in recovery time (Trec = 14 min) were already observed for the planar ZnO/AlN thin films under UV-B (305 nm) irradiation compared to the other UV wavelengths, while the device showed no obvious response in dark. By enlarging the surface-to-volume ratio of the sensors (i.e., creating nanostructured ZnO/AlN thin films), an increased response time is expected to be observed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1579 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Optimizing a Cantilever Measurement System towards High Speed, Nonreactive Contact-Resonance-Profilometry

by Michael Fahrbach, Linus Krieg, Tobias Voss, Maik Bertke, Jiushuai Xu and Erwin Peiner

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 889; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130889 - 21 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2074

Abstract

An existing phase-locked-loop (PLL) based contact-resonance measurement system is studied and optimized. Improvements to the electronics’ circuit to reduce both nonlinear behavior and noise are realized and experimentally tested. The improvements enable to analyze signals even at highly damped vibrations of the cantilever. [...] Read more.

An existing phase-locked-loop (PLL) based contact-resonance measurement system is studied and optimized. Improvements to the electronics’ circuit to reduce both nonlinear behavior and noise are realized and experimentally tested. The improvements enable to analyze signals even at highly damped vibrations of the cantilever. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 903 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Gas Detection Using LMR-Based Optical Fiber Sensors

by Uilian José Dreyer, Aritz Ozcariz, Joaquín Ascorbe, Pablo Zubiate, Ignacio Vitoria, Cicero Martelli, Jean Carlos Cardozo Da Silva and Carlos Ruiz Zamarreño

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 890; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130890 - 21 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1608

Abstract

This work presents a first approach to the utilization of Lossy Mode Resonance (LMR) based optical fiber sensors for gas detection. The optical sensor is based on a SnO₂ thin-film fabricated onto the core of cladding removed multimode fibers (MMF). The time [...] Read more.

This work presents a first approach to the utilization of Lossy Mode Resonance (LMR) based optical fiber sensors for gas detection. The optical sensor is based on a SnO₂ thin-film fabricated onto the core of cladding removed multimode fibers (MMF). The time response of the device to four different gases (NH₃, NO, CO₂ and O₂) was monitored obtaining the best sensitivity for NO whereas the response to NH₃ revealed the best repeatability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 603 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Transferable Substrateless GaN LED Chips Produced by Femtosecond Laser Lift-Off for Flexible Sensor Applications

by Nursidik Yulianto, Steffen Bornemann, Lars Daul, Christoph Margenfeld, Irene Manglano Clavero, Nurhalis Majid, Ludger Koenders, Winfried Daum, Andreas Waag and Hutomo Suryo Wasisto

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 891; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130891 - 21 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1720

Abstract

Transferable substrate-less InGaN/GaN light-emitting diode (LED) chips have successfully been fabricated in a laser lift-off (LLO) process employing high power ultrashort laser pulses with a wavelength of 520 nm. The irradiation of the sample was conducted in two sequential steps involving high and [...] Read more.

Transferable substrate-less InGaN/GaN light-emitting diode (LED) chips have successfully been fabricated in a laser lift-off (LLO) process employing high power ultrashort laser pulses with a wavelength of 520 nm. The irradiation of the sample was conducted in two sequential steps involving high and low pulse energies from the backside of the sapphire substrate, which led to self-detachment of the GaN stack layer without any additional tape release procedure. To guarantee their optoelectrical function and surface quality, the lifted LED chips were assessed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electroluminescence (EL) measurements. Moreover, surface characterizations were done using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 984 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

InGaN/GaN nanoLED Arrays as a Novel Illumination Source for Biomedical Imaging and Sensing Applications

by Jan Gülink, Steffen Bornemann, Hendrik Spende, Matthias Auf der Maur, Aldo Di Carlo, Joan Daniel Prades, Hutomo Suryo Wasisto and Andreas Waag

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 892; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130892 - 6 Dec 2018

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2042

Abstract

Guidelines for the fabrication of nanoscale light-emitting diode arrays (i.e., nanoLED arrays) based on patterned gallium nitride (GaN) with very small dimensions and pitches have been derived in this work. Several challenges during top-down LED array processing have been tackled involving hybrid etching [...] Read more.

Guidelines for the fabrication of nanoscale light-emitting diode arrays (i.e., nanoLED arrays) based on patterned gallium nitride (GaN) with very small dimensions and pitches have been derived in this work. Several challenges during top-down LED array processing have been tackled involving hybrid etching and polymer-based planarization to yield completely insulated highaspect-ratio LED fin structures and support the creation of p-GaN crossing line contacts, respectively. Furthermore, simulations of the light emission patterns were also performed providing hints for enhancing the device designs. As a result, regardless of the required device processing optimization, the developed nanoLED arrays are expected to offer high potential as novel illumination sources in biomedical imaging and sensing applications (e.g., mini compact microscopes and wearable biological/chemical nanoparticle counters) Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 760 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Development of Copper Oxide Thin Film for Lossy Mode Resonance-Based Optical Fiber Sensor

by Aritz Ozcariz

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 893; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130893 - 28 Nov 2018

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1303

Abstract

In this work we present the study of copper(II) oxide thin films for the fabrication of lossy mode resonance-based (LMR) optical fiber sensors. This material has proven to be capable of generating such resonances with a promising result. Their optimal optical properties have [...] Read more.

In this work we present the study of copper(II) oxide thin films for the fabrication of lossy mode resonance-based (LMR) optical fiber sensors. This material has proven to be capable of generating such resonances with a promising result. Their optimal optical properties have allowed the achievement of a sensitivity of 7234 nm/RIU, higher than that obtained with other metal oxides such a SnO₂, indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) or indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO). The use of this new film may facilitate the use of LMR based sensors for applications that require maximum sensitivity and stability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1312 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Silicon Based Nano-Thermoelectric Bolometers for Infrared Detection

by Aapo Varpula, Kestutis Grigoras, Kirsi Tappura, Andrey V. Timofeev, Andrey Shchepetov, Juha Hassel, Jouni Ahopelto and Mika Prunnila

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 894; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130894 - 6 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2104

Abstract

The state-of-the-art infrared (IR) detection uses quantum photodetectors and bolometers. Quantum IR photodetectors are expensive and require cooling, and exotic and toxic materials. Whereas, bolometers are cost-efficient and uncooled, but they are much slower and less sensitive. Recently we have demonstrated that ultra-thin, [...] Read more.

The state-of-the-art infrared (IR) detection uses quantum photodetectors and bolometers. Quantum IR photodetectors are expensive and require cooling, and exotic and toxic materials. Whereas, bolometers are cost-efficient and uncooled, but they are much slower and less sensitive. Recently we have demonstrated that ultra-thin, highly-doped silicon membranes can be used to build fast and highly-sensitive thermoelectric bolometers. We present the fabrication of these devices, electro-thermal characterization results, and estimate the full potential of this technology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 518 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Synthesis of Fluorescein Aldehydes for the Sensitive Detection of L-Cysteine

by Jörg Ettenauer, Vladislav Semak and Martin Brandl

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 895; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130895 - 27 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1765

Abstract

Amino acids containing thiol-groups such as Cysteine (Cys), Homocysteine (Hcy), and Glutathione play an important role in a great variety of biological processes. However, too low, but also too high concentrations can have negative effects on human health. Therefore, it is of great [...] Read more.

Amino acids containing thiol-groups such as Cysteine (Cys), Homocysteine (Hcy), and Glutathione play an important role in a great variety of biological processes. However, too low, but also too high concentrations can have negative effects on human health. Therefore, it is of great importance to sensitively detect these risk factors for cardiovascular and neuronal diseases. Furthermore, Cys is an essential amino acid for the growth of pathogenic water-borne bacteria, like Legionella sp. Hence, a reliable, sensitive and selective Cys-detection method that is incorporated into automated biosensors would represent a great tool for a broad range of biological and medical applications. We describe the simple synthesis of fluorescein aldehyde probes for the detection of biologically important thiols, focusing on Cys. The probes displayed highly sensitive responses to L-Cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate in the range of their physiologically relevant levels in the visible and UV spectral region. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 768 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Modelling Fluid Damping of Non-Conventional Vibration Modes in MEMS Resonators

by Daniel Platz, Georg Pfusterschmied and Ulrich Schmid

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 896; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130896 - 27 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1371

Abstract

Resonant micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) are typically subject to interaction with a liquid or gaseous environment. Recently, it has been demonstrated that non-conventional eigenmodes exhibit remarkably high quality factors (Q factors) in liquids. However, the physical origin of this phenomenon remains elusive. [...] Read more.

Resonant micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) are typically subject to interaction with a liquid or gaseous environment. Recently, it has been demonstrated that non-conventional eigenmodes exhibit remarkably high quality factors (Q factors) in liquids. However, the physical origin of this phenomenon remains elusive. Here we introduce a definition of non-conventional eigenmodes for cantilever structures and develop a boundary integral method for describing the interaction of an incompressible viscous fluid and a non-conventional eigenmode of a MEMS/NEMS resonator. With this framework we are able to study the influence of the mode shape on the fluid-structure interaction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1085 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Structural Modifications in Free-Standing InGaN/GaN LEDs after Femtosecond Laser Lift-Off

by Steffen Bornemann, Nursidik Yulianto, Tobias Meyer, Jan Gülink, Christoph Margenfeld, Michael Seibt, Hutomo Suryo Wasisto and Andreas Waag

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 897; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130897 - 29 Nov 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1712

Abstract

A laser lift-off (LLO) process has been developed for detaching thin InGaN/GaN lightemitting diodes (LED) from their original sapphire substrates by applying an ultrafast laser. LLO is usually based on intense UV irradiation, which is transmitted through the sapphire substrate and subsequently absorbed [...] Read more.

A laser lift-off (LLO) process has been developed for detaching thin InGaN/GaN lightemitting diodes (LED) from their original sapphire substrates by applying an ultrafast laser. LLO is usually based on intense UV irradiation, which is transmitted through the sapphire substrate and subsequently absorbed at the interface to the epitaxially grown GaN stack. Here, we present a successful implementation of a two-step LLO process with 350 fs short pulses in the green spectral range (520 nm) based on a two-photon absorption mechanism. Cathodo- and electroluminescence experiments have proven the functionality of the LLO-based chips. The impact of radiation on the material quality was analysed with scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), revealing structural modifications inside the GaN layer in some cases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 972 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Wireless Sensors Network Monitoring of Saharan Dust Events in Bari, Italy

by Michele Penza, Domenico Suriano, Valerio Pfister, Mario Prato and Gennaro Cassano

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 898; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130898 - 5 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1316

Abstract

A sensors network based on 8 stationary nodes distributed in Bari (Southern Italy) has
been deployed for urban air quality monitoring during advection events of Saharan dust in the
period 2015–2017. The low-cost sensor-systems have been installed in specific sites (buildings,
offices, schools, [...] Read more.

A sensors network based on 8 stationary nodes distributed in Bari (Southern Italy) has
been deployed for urban air quality monitoring during advection events of Saharan dust in the
period 2015–2017. The low-cost sensor-systems have been installed in specific sites (buildings,
offices, schools, streets, airport) to assess the PM10 concentration at high spatial and temporal
resolution in order to supplement the expensive official air monitoring stations for citizen science
purposes. Continuous measurements were performed by a cost-effective optical particle counter
(PM10), including temperature and relative humidity sensors. They are operated to assess the
performance during a long-term campaign (July 2015–December 2017) of 30 months for smart cities
applications. The sensor data quality has been evaluated by comparison to the reference data of the
9 Air Quality Monitoring Stations (AQMS), managed by local environmental agency (ARPA-Puglia)
in the Bari city. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 684 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Impedimetric Characterization of Interdigitated Electrode Arrays for Biosensor Applications

by Elisabeth Kostal, Stephan Kasemann, Can Dincer and Stefan Partel

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 899; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130899 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2644

Abstract

We present recent results of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements for interdigitated electrode arrays (IDAs) ranging from several micrometers down to hundreds of nanometers. Simulations have shown that the electric field strength between the electrodes scales with the gap size. Therefore, electrodes [...] Read more.

We present recent results of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements for interdigitated electrode arrays (IDAs) ranging from several micrometers down to hundreds of nanometers. Simulations have shown that the electric field strength between the electrodes scales with the gap size. Therefore, electrodes of varying gap sizes were fabricated and functionalized with ssDNA to empirically validate these findings. The results have shown that the impedimetric response strongly correlates with the width of the electrode fingers: the smaller the electrode gap, the larger the impedance increase. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 623 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Desorption and Electrical Conductivity Studies of Indium Tin Oxide Powders and Thick Films

by Stefan Dietrich and Mihails Kusnezoff

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 901; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130901 - 21 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1253

Abstract

The influence of various gas compositions on surface adsorbate species and electrical conductivity of indium tin oxide (ITO) powders and thick films was studied. By combining results of temperature dependent desorption (TPD) with electrical conductivity measurements it was shown that, after exposure to [...] Read more.

The influence of various gas compositions on surface adsorbate species and electrical conductivity of indium tin oxide (ITO) powders and thick films was studied. By combining results of temperature dependent desorption (TPD) with electrical conductivity measurements it was shown that, after exposure to ambient air, the surfaces of both powders and films are covered with significant amounts of oxygen, water and carbon related species. While the influence of oxygen adsorbates has already been described for temperatures below 500 °C, desorption of some of these species could be detected at temperatures as high as 675 °C, with a significant influence on electrical film conductivity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 670 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Highly Sensitive Surface Acoustic Wave Magnetic Field Sensor Using Multilayered TbCo₂/FeCo Thin Film

by Aurelien Mazzamurro, Abdelkrim Talbi, Yannick Dusch, Omar Elmazria, Philippe Pernod, Olivier Bou Matar and Nicolas Tiercelin

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 902; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130902 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1667

Abstract

Over the last decades, the use of Surface Acoustic Waves (SAW) has emerged as a promising technology in many applications such as filters, signal processing but also sensors. We report the fabrication and the characterization of a SAW delay line magnetic field sensor [...] Read more.

Over the last decades, the use of Surface Acoustic Waves (SAW) has emerged as a promising technology in many applications such as filters, signal processing but also sensors. We report the fabrication and the characterization of a SAW delay line magnetic field sensor using uniaxial multi-layered 14×[TbCo_2(3.7nm)/FeCo_(4nm)] nanostructured thin film deposited on Y36° Lithium Niobate (Figure 1a). The sensor shows an interesting dependency to a tunable bias magnetic field with different orientations relative to the easy axis. The obtained results are well explained using an equivalent piezo-magnetic model described in a previous work. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 686 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Investigation of Electrochemical Processes in CO2 Sensitive Electrodes

by Stefan Dietrich, Mihails Kusnezoff, Sindy Mosch and Christoph Baumgärtner

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 903; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130903 - 11 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1531

Abstract

The electrode processes governing response behavior of a solid electrolyte CO₂ sensor have been studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on symmetric cells exposed to various temperatures and gas compositions. It was shown that the electrochemical processes leading to potential formation at the [...] Read more.

The electrode processes governing response behavior of a solid electrolyte CO₂ sensor have been studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on symmetric cells exposed to various temperatures and gas compositions. It was shown that the electrochemical processes leading to potential formation at the Au/Na₂CO₃ electrode can be described by adapting models commonly used in the field of molten carbonate fuel cells. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 477 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Optimized Batch Process for Organic MEMS Devices

by Jonas Hafner, Marco Teuschel, Jürgen Schrattenholzer, Michael Schneider and Ulrich Schmid

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 904; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130904 - 28 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1728

Abstract

Recently, organic electromechanical transducers have attracted intense scientific and technological interest due to their unique mechanical flexibility and their piezoelectric properties. However, the fabrication of organic MEMS devices is challenging. For example, a lift-off process cannot be used on polymers, because of the [...] Read more.

Recently, organic electromechanical transducers have attracted intense scientific and technological interest due to their unique mechanical flexibility and their piezoelectric properties. However, the fabrication of organic MEMS devices is challenging. For example, a lift-off process cannot be used on polymers, because of the solvent in photoresists. Here, we present a straightforward and low-cost batch process for organic MEMS devices using standard micromachining techniques. As organic material we used the ferroelectric (co-)polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluorethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)). The integration of the polymer in a CMOS-compatible process was optimized in terms of deposition and patterning of the polymer and the corresponding metal layers. Micromachined devices, such as capacitors and cantilevers, were fabricated and analysed. The ferroelectric perfomance was evaluated by electrical and electromechanical measurements. Our first results indicate that the proposed fabrication process is reliable resulting in well-functioning organic MEMS devices. We measured as piezoelectric constant a d33 of −32 pm/V with our organic P(VDF-TrFE) capacitors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1025 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Machine-Readable Pattern for Colorimetric Sensor Interrogation

by Ismael Benito-Altamirano, Peter Pfeiffer, Oriol Cusola and J. Daniel Prades

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 906; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130906 - 29 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1440

Abstract

We present a systematic methodology to generate machine-readable patterns embodying all the elements needed to carry out colorimetric measurements with conventional color cameras in an automated, robust and accurate manner. Our approach relies on the well-stablished machine-readable features of the QR Codes, to [...] Read more.

We present a systematic methodology to generate machine-readable patterns embodying all the elements needed to carry out colorimetric measurements with conventional color cameras in an automated, robust and accurate manner. Our approach relies on the well-stablished machine-readable features of the QR Codes, to detect the pattern, identify the color reference elements and the colorimetric spots, to calibrate the color of the image and to conclude a quantitative measurement. We illustrate our approach with a NH3 colorimetric indicator operating at distinct color temperature ambient lights, demonstrating that with our design, consistent measurements can be achieved, with independence on the illumination conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 432 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Fabrication of SnO₂ Flexible Sensor by Inkjet Printing Technology

by Omar Kassem, Mohamed Saadaoui, Mathilde Rieu and Jean Paul Viricelle

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 907; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130907 - 26 Nov 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1711

Abstract

In this work, a flexible tin oxide (SnO₂) gas sensor was successfully fabricated by inkjet printing technology. This thin film deposition technique requires the formulation of stable suspensions with specific fluidic properties. Aqueous Sol-gel method was applied to synthesize a stable [...] Read more.

In this work, a flexible tin oxide (SnO₂) gas sensor was successfully fabricated by inkjet printing technology. This thin film deposition technique requires the formulation of stable suspensions with specific fluidic properties. Aqueous Sol-gel method was applied to synthesize a stable sol based on tin oxide, then transformed into ink with the appropriate viscosity and surface tension to be printed using a drop-on-demand piezoelectric inkjet printer. Thermal analyses of synthetized sol show that a crystallized structure of SnO₂ could be obtained at 350 °C, which is lower than crystallization temperatures of SnO₂ previously reported in the literature, and entirely consistent with our plastic substrate. The printed thin-film was then sintered at 350 °C on polyimide foil (Upilex-50S) and characterized as sensor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 843 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Simulation and Characterization of a Nonlinear Dual-Frequency Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

by Sofiane Bouhedma, Yuhang Zheng and Dennis Hohlfeld

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 908; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130908 - 23 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1189

Abstract

In this paper, we present a concept, simulation and characterization results of a dual-frequency piezoelectric energy harvester with magnetic frequency tuning capabilities. We demonstrate that the frequency-agile multi-mode capability enables the device to harvest on a wider range of operating frequencies than classical [...] Read more.

In this paper, we present a concept, simulation and characterization results of a dual-frequency piezoelectric energy harvester with magnetic frequency tuning capabilities. We demonstrate that the frequency-agile multi-mode capability enables the device to harvest on a wider range of operating frequencies than classical vibration harvesters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 989 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Systematic Electro-Optical Study of Photodiodes in Intrinsic Material (Lowly Doped) with Backend Stack Optimization

by Frederic Roger, Ingrid Jonak-Auer, Olesia Synooka, Filip Segmanovic, Joni Mellin and Helmut Hofstaetter

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 909; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130909 - 26 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1363

Abstract

This paper constitutes the analysis of the impact of low doped intrinsic p-type EPI thickness (20 µm and 30 µm) and bottom anti-reflective coating on the electrical and optical performance of various PIN photodiodes designs. The intrinsic p-type layer with a target resistivity [...] Read more.

This paper constitutes the analysis of the impact of low doped intrinsic p-type EPI thickness (20 µm and 30 µm) and bottom anti-reflective coating on the electrical and optical performance of various PIN photodiodes designs. The intrinsic p-type layer with a target resistivity of 400 Ω cm is an epitaxial layer (iEPI) grown on a low resistive substrate of 20 mΩ cm. Optimization of the photodiode’s spectral responsivity (for a specific wavelength) includes a Bottom Anti-Reflective Coating (BARC) layer deposited over the silicon surface. BARC thickness is optimized for λ = 425 nm, λ = 750 nm and λ = 900 nm wavelengths. With respective BARC in place, the photodiode’s quantum efficiency (QE) approaches 100% for λ = 750 nm with 20 µm and 30 µm iEPI thickness and for λ = 900 nm with 30 µm iEPI reaching also a maximum spectral response of 0.63 A/W at 800 nm. QE of 72% could be achieved at 425 nm. The leakage current varies from 3.5 pA for 20 µm iEPI thickness to 10 pA for 30 µm at 1 V reverse biasing for 365 µm circular PIN photodiode. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 526 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Glyphosate Detection: An Innovative Approach by Using Chemoresistive Gas Sensors

by Barbara Fabbri, Matteo Valt, Andrea Gaiardo, Sandro Gherardi, Cesare Malagù and Vincenzo Guidi

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 910; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130910 - 27 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1530

Abstract

Glyphosate is the most frequently used herbicide worldwide, its hazard potential is unclear and nowadays a threshold limit value has not yet been determined. We used eight chemoresistive gas sensors based on semiconducting nanopowders for the identification of N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine in air. [...] Read more.

Glyphosate is the most frequently used herbicide worldwide, its hazard potential is unclear and nowadays a threshold limit value has not yet been determined. We used eight chemoresistive gas sensors based on semiconducting nanopowders for the identification of N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine in air. The sensors were tested at their proper working temperature in presence of volatile glyphosate at concentrations within the range of 6 ppb–1 ppm, i.e., a plausible interval of interest for its monitoring. The sensing material that best performed was a solid solution of Tungsten oxide and Tin oxide (WS30). This study opens up to design portable devices suitable for monitoring glyphosate concentrations at which workers and people are exposed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 998 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

3D Gas Distribution with and without Artificial Airflow: An Experimental Study with a Grid of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Gas Sensors

by Javier Burgués, Victor Hernandez, Achim J. Lilienthal and Santiago Marco

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 911; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130911 - 29 Nov 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4788

Abstract

Gas distribution modelling can provide potentially life-saving information when assessing the hazards of gaseous emissions and for localization of explosives, toxic or flammable chemicals. In this work, we deployed a three-dimensional (3D) grid of metal oxide semiconductor (MOX) gas sensors deployed in an [...] Read more.

Gas distribution modelling can provide potentially life-saving information when assessing the hazards of gaseous emissions and for localization of explosives, toxic or flammable chemicals. In this work, we deployed a three-dimensional (3D) grid of metal oxide semiconductor (MOX) gas sensors deployed in an office room, which allows for novel insights about the complex patterns of indoor gas dispersal. 12 independent experiments were carried out to better understand dispersion patters of a single gas source placed at different locations of the room, including variations in height, release rate and air flow profiles. This dataset is denser and richer than what is currently available, i.e., 2D datasets in wind tunnels. We make it publicly available to enable the community to develop, validate, and compare new approaches related to gas sensing in complex environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 575 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Novel Bi-Stable MEMS Membrane Concept Based on a Piezoelectric Thin Film Actuator for Integrated Switching

by Manuel Dorfmeister, Bernhard Kössl, Michael Schneider and Ulrich Schmid

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 912; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130912 - 16 Jan 2019

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1919

Abstract

This study reports on a novel bi-stable actuator with an integrated aluminum nitride (AlN) piezoelectric layer sandwiched between two electrodes. To achieve bistability, the membranes must exceed a characteristic compressive stress value, also called the critical stress. For this purpose, we used highly [...] Read more.

This study reports on a novel bi-stable actuator with an integrated aluminum nitride (AlN) piezoelectric layer sandwiched between two electrodes. To achieve bistability, the membranes must exceed a characteristic compressive stress value, also called the critical stress. For this purpose, we used highly c-axis orientated stress-controlled AlN with a thickness of 400 nm. First experiments showed, that it is possible to switch between the two stable ground states with at least two rectangular pulses at a frequency of 80 kHz and with a voltage V_pp of 40 V, resulting in a displacement of about 10 µm for each switching direction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 923 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

AlN-on-Si Square Diaphragm Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer with Extended Range of Detection

by Suresh Alasatri, Libor Rufer and Joshua En-Yuan Lee

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 913; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130913 - 27 Nov 2018

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1987

Abstract

We present aluminum nitride (AlN) on silicon (Si) CMOS-compatible piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (pMUTs) with an extended detection range of up to 140 cm for touchless sensing applications. The reported performance surpasses the current state-of-art for AlN-based pMUTs in terms of the maximum [...] Read more.

We present aluminum nitride (AlN) on silicon (Si) CMOS-compatible piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (pMUTs) with an extended detection range of up to 140 cm for touchless sensing applications. The reported performance surpasses the current state-of-art for AlN-based pMUTs in terms of the maximum range of detection using just a pair of pMUTs (as opposed to an array of pMUTs). The extended range of detection has been realized by using a larger diaphragm allowed by fabricating a thicker diaphragm than most other pMUTs reported to date. Using a pair of pMUTs, we experimentally demonstrate the capability of range-finding by correlating the time-of-flight (TOF) between the transmit (TX) and receive (RX) pulse. The results were obtained using an experimental setup where the MEMS chip was interconnected with a customized printed circuit board (PCB) using Al wire bonds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 692 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

An Inductively Coupled Biodegradable Capacitive Pressure Sensor

by Aleksi Hänninen, Timo Salpavaara, Jukka Lekkala and Minna Kellomäki

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 914; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130914 - 26 Nov 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1541

Abstract

A biodegradable inductively coupled pressure sensor is presented. Three sensors were fabricated using melt processed biodegradable polymers and electron-beam evaporated magnesium. All the sensors showed similar pressure responses from 0 to 0.2 bar. In addition, the responses of the sensors to temperature changes [...] Read more.

A biodegradable inductively coupled pressure sensor is presented. Three sensors were fabricated using melt processed biodegradable polymers and electron-beam evaporated magnesium. All the sensors showed similar pressure responses from 0 to 0.2 bar. In addition, the responses of the sensors to temperature changes and static pressure are reported. Due to the limited quality factor of the resonance sensors, single measurements were noisy. For this reason, averaging of multiple measurements was needed to achieve consistent results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1058 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Force Spectroscopy with Quantitative On-Cantilever Force Control

by Wojciech Majstrzyk, Karolina Orlowska, Andrzej Sierakowski, Rafał Dobrowolski and Teodor Gotszalk

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 915; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130915 - 23 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1228

Abstract

In this work we propose a method for on-cantilever force control for application in force distance (F-z) spectroscopy for intermolecular interaction sensing. In this method we perform the F-z measurements with cantilevers integrating functionalized spheres attached to them. The F-z curve is obtained [...] Read more.

In this work we propose a method for on-cantilever force control for application in force distance (F-z) spectroscopy for intermolecular interaction sensing. In this method we perform the F-z measurements with cantilevers integrating functionalized spheres attached to them. The F-z curve is obtained by controlling the Lorentz force acting at the cantilever free end. The intermolecular interaction forces are measured by measuring the force necessary to retract the cantilever from the surface. The required force is generated by the current passing through the cantilever. In this scenario we monitor the bending of cantilevers using optical beam deflection (OBD) method. Moreover, as deflection of the cantilever was electromagnetically controlled it was possible to calibrate the OBD response as well. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 3195 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Smart Sensing Fabrics for Live Bacteria Detection

by Amparo Ferrer-Vilanova, Kristina Ivanova, María Díaz-González, Yasmine Alonso, Gonzalo Guirado, Tzanko Tzanov and Xavier Muñoz-Berbel

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 916; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130916 - 27 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2299

Abstract

A smart textile for live bacteria detection of antimicrobial hospital tissues is here proposed. The capacity to detect viable bacteria is based on the use of Prussian Blue (PB) as electrochromic compound, with a clear reversible change of colour from PB to Prussian [...] Read more.

A smart textile for live bacteria detection of antimicrobial hospital tissues is here proposed. The capacity to detect viable bacteria is based on the use of Prussian Blue (PB) as electrochromic compound, with a clear reversible change of colour from PB to Prussian White (PW) after reduction from a bacterial metabolism process. PB nanoparticles are incorporated to polyester cotton fabrics by ultrasonic deposition. After performing different tests with bacterial samples of E. coli and S. aureus, a full colour change of the textiles was observed. These smart textiles will allow to determine the self-life of the antibacterial compounds as well to improve the control of hospital infections. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 601 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Effect of Semiconductor Morphology on the Spatial Resolution of ZnO Based Light-Addressable Potentiometric Sensors

by Ying Tu, Jianwei Li, De-Wen Zhang, Joe Briscoe and Steffi Krause

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 917; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130917 - 27 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1510

Abstract

Light-addressable potentiometric sensors (LAPS) measure ac photocurrent at electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) and, more recently, electrolyte-semiconductor structures to produce spatiotemporal images of chemical or biological analytes, electrical potentials and impedance. One of the most important properties for LAPS is spatial resolution, which determines the smallest [...] Read more.

Light-addressable potentiometric sensors (LAPS) measure ac photocurrent at electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) and, more recently, electrolyte-semiconductor structures to produce spatiotemporal images of chemical or biological analytes, electrical potentials and impedance. One of the most important properties for LAPS is spatial resolution, which determines the smallest features that can be resolved in LAPS images. In this work, the use of nanostructured ZnO for LAPS was explored. The effect of ZnO morphology on the spatial resolution was studied with a LAPS setup. The best resolution of 2 µm was achieved in ZnO films produced by aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1037 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Novel Sensor Modules for Efficient Manufacturing of Natural Fiber Reinforced Plastics

by Saskia Biehl, Eike Meyer-Kornblum, Nancy Paetsch and Günter Bräuer

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 918; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130918 - 24 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1375

Abstract

The investigation of wear resistant thin film sensor systems for the detection of temperature and melt distributions on the surface of an injection mold for the optimization of natural fibre reinforced plastic production is the theme of this paper. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 608 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Investigation of Application-Specific Thin Film Sensor Systems with Wireless Data Transmission System

by Eike Meyer-Kornblum, Saskia Biehl, Nancy Paetsch and Günter Bräuer

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 919; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130919 - 12 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1310

Abstract

Thin-film-based smart telemetric sensors coated onto the surface of washers were developed for the measurement of normal forces in screw connections for industrial applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 710 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Fast Formation of Lipid Bilayer Membranes for Simultaneous Analysis of Molecular Transport Using Parylene Coated Chips

by Tanzir Ahmed, Sander van den Driesche, Martin Oellers, Roland Hemmler, Karsten Gall, Satya Prathyusha Bhamidimarri, Mathias Winterhalter, Richard Wagner and Michael J. Vellekoop

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 920; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130920 - 23 Nov 2018

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1791

Abstract

Artificial lipid bilayers are an essential tool to investigate channel forming proteins. A particular challenge is to study antibiotic uptake through bacterial porins requiring low volume and parallelization. Here, we present a lipid bilayer silicon chip having a Parylene-C coated silicon nitride membrane [...] Read more.

Artificial lipid bilayers are an essential tool to investigate channel forming proteins. A particular challenge is to study antibiotic uptake through bacterial porins requiring low volume and parallelization. Here, we present a lipid bilayer silicon chip having a Parylene-C coated silicon nitride membrane with different aperture sizes. The Parylene-C allows very fast lipid bilayer membrane fabrication, 30 to 130 s. The realization-success is very high and an average lifetime of at least 9 h was established. Furthermore, a 3D-printed holder is realized where parallel assembly of the chips, including fluid inlets for the pipetting robot, is demonstrated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 641 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Mechanical Impedance Analysis of a Novel MEMS Photon Force Sensor

by Karolina Orłowska, Wojciech Majstrzyk, Andrzej Sierakowski, Tomasz Piasecki and Teodor Gotszalk

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 921; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130921 - 29 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1189

Abstract

In this work we present how to describe mechanical impedance of a photon force (PF) MEMS sensor dedicated to structures’ optomechanical studies. An actuating force (photon force) is caused by the reflection and absorption of the electromagnetic radiation beam due to the radiation [...] Read more.

In this work we present how to describe mechanical impedance of a photon force (PF) MEMS sensor dedicated to structures’ optomechanical studies. An actuating force (photon force) is caused by the reflection and absorption of the electromagnetic radiation beam due to the radiation pressure effect. Specially designed very soft (low k-constant, ca 10–150 mN/m) cantilevers are presented. The structures integrate a Lorentz loop, which enables electromagnetic actuation. The construction with two mirrors is proposed so that parasitic thermal actuation can be neglected. The MEMS displacement is measured with the use of a laser vibrometer. The mechanical impedance model is presented using which the stiffness is calculated. As validation measurements: thermal noise and known mass adding methods are used. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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3 pages, 747 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Crown-Porphyrin Ligand for Optical Sensors Development

by Larisa Lvova, Elisa Acciari, Federica Mandoj, Giuseppe Pomarico, Corrado Di Natale and Roberto Paolesse

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 922; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130922 - 21 Dec 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1188

Abstract

A novel porphyrin ligand, Zn(II)TPP-BPI-crown (ZnPC), functionalized with two dibenzo-crown-ether moieties was synthesized and tested as cation-sensitive ionophore. Fluorescence studies on ligand sensitivity towards a number of different metal cations (Na⁺, K⁺, Li⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg [...] Read more.

A novel porphyrin ligand, Zn(II)TPP-BPI-crown (ZnPC), functionalized with two dibenzo-crown-ether moieties was synthesized and tested as cation-sensitive ionophore. Fluorescence studies on ligand sensitivity towards a number of different metal cations (Na⁺, K⁺, Li⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Co²⁺, Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and NH₄⁺) were carried out first in solution and then inside polymeric membrane optodes. Emission light signal was sufficiently brilliant to be captured by a low-cost computer webcam, while a commercial blue-light LED served as monochromic excitation light source. The influence on the ZnPC optode response of the lipophilic sites functionalization was investigated. The visibly (naked eye) observed color change of sensing material from green to red demonstrated the suitability of the ZnPC-based optodes to perform fast monitoring of Cu(II) ions in the concentration range between 6.6 × 10⁻⁷ and 2.4 × 10⁻² mol/L with a low detection limit (estimated by s/n = 3 method) of 0.3 mg/L, which is lower than WHO guideline value of 2 mg/L. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1144 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Simulation of the Readout Methods for Inductively Coupled High-Frequency Resonance Sensors

by Timo Salpavaara, Aleksi Hänninen, Jukka Lekkala and Minna Kellomäki

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 923; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130923 - 27 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1291

Abstract

The readout methods for inductively coupled resonance sensors were simulated using a lumped element model. The purpose of the study was to analyze the readout methods at high frequencies where the self-resonance of the reader coil is likely to interfere with the measurements. [...] Read more.

The readout methods for inductively coupled resonance sensors were simulated using a lumped element model. The purpose of the study was to analyze the readout methods at high frequencies where the self-resonance of the reader coil is likely to interfere with the measurements. Furthermore, the changes in the reading distance cause measurement errors. This phenomenon was studied using simulation. In addition, an algorithm that compensates these errors was tested. The simulation results were in agreement with the test measurements. In addition, the tested error compensation improved the resonance frequency estimates calculated using the simulated and measured data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 652 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Squared PMUT with Enhanced Pressure Sensitivities

by Eyglis Ledesma, Iván Zamora, Francesc Torres, Arantxa Uranga, Vassil Tzanov, Nuria Barniol, Eloi Marigó and Mohan Soundara-Pandian

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 925; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130925 - 27 Nov 2018

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2096

Abstract

This study presents a squared AlN piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT). Using this PMUT greater level of output pressure and higher reception sensitivity has been achieved, compared with the state-of-the-art. Another outstanding characteristic for this PMUT is that it can be monolithically integrated [...] Read more.

This study presents a squared AlN piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT). Using this PMUT greater level of output pressure and higher reception sensitivity has been achieved, compared with the state-of-the-art. Another outstanding characteristic for this PMUT is that it can be monolithically integrated on CMOS substrate, being remarkably advantageous in relation to the bonding method implemented until now. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 903 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Displacement Sensor with Inherent Read-Out Circuit Using Water-Gated Field Effect Transistor (WG-FET)

by Ozan Ertop, Bedri Gurkan Sonmez and Senol Mutlu

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 926; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130926 - 26 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1365

Abstract

This paper presents, for the first time, a displacement sensor with inherent read-out circuit using an inverter built with WG-FET that has 16-nm-thick single crystalline silicon film. In WG-FET, electrical double layer (EDL) capacitances are formed at water/silicon and water/top gate interfaces. These [...] Read more.

This paper presents, for the first time, a displacement sensor with inherent read-out circuit using an inverter built with WG-FET that has 16-nm-thick single crystalline silicon film. In WG-FET, electrical double layer (EDL) capacitances are formed at water/silicon and water/top gate interfaces. These two capacitances and the resistance of the de-ionized (DI) water droplet build a first order RC network. Propagation delay of an inverter built with WG-FET depends on this RC constant. When the distance between top gate and silicon film changes, EDL capacitances remain the same, but resistance of the DI-water droplet changes. Accordingly, propagation delay of the inverter changes linearly with this distance. Increasing the distance from 400 µm to 1200 µm changes low-to-high propagation delay tplh of the inverter from 1.08 ms to 1.36 ms and high-to-low propagation delay tphl from 0.48 ms to 0.56 ms, which yields sensitivities of 0.35 µs/µm and 0.1 µs/µm, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 981 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Catalytic Micro Gas Sensor with Excellent Homogeneous Temperature Distribution and Low Power Consumption for Long-Term Stable Operation

by Anmona Shabnam Pranti, Daniel Loof, Sebastian Kunz, Marcus Bäumer and Walter Lang

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 927; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130927 - 26 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1158

Abstract

This paper presents a long-term stable thermoelectric micro gas sensor with ligand linked Pt nanoparticles as catalyst. The sensor design gives an excellent homogeneous temperature distribution over the catalytic layer, an important factor for long-term stability. The sensor consumes very low power, 18 [...] Read more.

This paper presents a long-term stable thermoelectric micro gas sensor with ligand linked Pt nanoparticles as catalyst. The sensor design gives an excellent homogeneous temperature distribution over the catalytic layer, an important factor for long-term stability. The sensor consumes very low power, 18 mW at 100 °C heater temperature. Another thermoresistive sensor is also fabricated with same material for comparative analysis. The thermoelectric sensor gives better temperature homogeneity and consumes 23% less power than thermoresistive sensor for same average temperature on the membrane. The sensor shows linear characteristics with temperature change and has significantly high Seebeck coefficient of 6.5 mV/K. The output of the sensor remains completely constant under 15,000 ppm continuous H₂ gas flow for 24 h. No degradation of sensor signal for 24 h indicates no deactivation of catalytic layer over the time. The sensor is tested with 3 different amount of catalyst at 2 different operating temperatures under 6000 ppm and 15,000 ppm continuous H₂ gas flow for 4 h. Sensor output is completely stable for 3 different amount of catalyst. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 959 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Study of Electrostatic Actuator Voltage Reduction with a Tri-Electrode Actuator with Varying Pull-Down Voltage

by Yu Zhou, Cyrus Shafai, Lot Shafai and Greg Burley

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 928; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130928 - 29 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1409

Abstract

Employing a tri-electrode topology for electrostatic actuators can significantly reduce needed control voltages. The tri-electrode topology employs a perforated intermediate electrode between the MEMS structure and pull-down electrode, and provides a low voltage control for the MEMS structure. Simulations of a spring supported [...] Read more.

Employing a tri-electrode topology for electrostatic actuators can significantly reduce needed control voltages. The tri-electrode topology employs a perforated intermediate electrode between the MEMS structure and pull-down electrode, and provides a low voltage control for the MEMS structure. Simulations of a spring supported MEMS in a conventional electrostatic actuator offering ~4.5 µm displacement with 20 V on the pull-down electrode, were compared to the tri-electrode actuator. This study showed that the intermediate electrode can act to provide similar controlled displacement with only 1/3 and 1/4 the voltage for the cases with the pull-down electrode held fixed at 20 V and 40 V respectively. A fabricated prototype experimentally showed that the intermediate electrode can provide similar displacement control with only 1/6 the normal control voltage of an electrostatic actuator. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 460 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Classification of Sonar Targets in Air—A Neural Network Approach

by Patrick K. Kroh, Ralph Simon and Stefan J. Rupitsch

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 929; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130929 - 29 Nov 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1184

Abstract

Ultrasonic sonar sensors are commonly used for contactless distance measurements in application areas such as automotive and mobile robotics. They can also be used to identify and classify sound reflecting objects. In the presented work, we classify simple sonar targets of different geometric [...] Read more.

Ultrasonic sonar sensors are commonly used for contactless distance measurements in application areas such as automotive and mobile robotics. They can also be used to identify and classify sound reflecting objects. In the presented work, we classify simple sonar targets of different geometric shape and size. For this purpose, we built a test stand for echo measurements that facilitates defined arbitrary translation and rotation of the targets. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) with multiple hidden layers were used as classifiers and different features were evaluated. The focus was on two features that were derived from the echoes’ cross-correlation functions with their excitation chirp signals. We could distinguish different target geometries with our features and also evaluated the ANNs’ capabilities for size discrimination of targets with the same geometric shape. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 657 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design and Optimization of a Low-Resonant-Frequency Piezoelectric MEMS Energy Harvester Based on Artificial Intelligence

by Seyedfakhreddin Nabavi and Lihong Zhang

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 930; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130930 - 26 Nov 2018

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 1922

Abstract

In this study we propose a piezoelectric MEMS vibration energy harvester with the capability of oscillating at low (i.e., less than 200 Hz) resonant frequency. The mechanical structure of the proposed harvester is comprised of a doubly clamped cantilever with a serpentine pattern [...] Read more.

In this study we propose a piezoelectric MEMS vibration energy harvester with the capability of oscillating at low (i.e., less than 200 Hz) resonant frequency. The mechanical structure of the proposed harvester is comprised of a doubly clamped cantilever with a serpentine pattern associated with several discrete masses. In order to obtain the optimal physical aspects of the harvester and speed up the design process, we have utilized a deep neural network, as an artificial intelligence (AI) method. Firstly, the deep neural network was trained with 108 data samples gained from finite element modeling (FEM). Then this trained network was integrated with the genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize geometry of the harvester to enhance its performance in terms of resonant frequency and generated voltage. Our numerical results confirm that the accuracy of the network in prediction is above 90%. Consequently, by taking advantage of this efficient AI-based performance estimator, the GA is able to reduce the device operational frequency from 169 Hz to 110.5 Hz and increase its efficiency on harvested voltage from 2.5 V to 3.4 V under 0.25 g excitation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 747 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Gold-Silver Alloy Film Based Colorful SPR Imaging Sensor with High Sensitivity for Quantitative Chemical and Biological Detection

by Shuang Liang, Ran Gao, Mengying Zhang, Ning Xue and Zhi-mei Qi

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 931; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130931 - 6 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1355

Abstract

A gold-silver alloy film based spectral surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) sensor has been prepared for in-situ quantitative detection of biochemical analytes at the sensor surface. This novel sensor has lower detection cost yet higher sensitivity relative to the conventional counterpart with a [...] Read more.

A gold-silver alloy film based spectral surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) sensor has been prepared for in-situ quantitative detection of biochemical analytes at the sensor surface. This novel sensor has lower detection cost yet higher sensitivity relative to the conventional counterpart with a gold film. Using the laboratory-made multifunctional SPR sensing platform, both the resonant color images and the resonant spectra for the Au-Ag alloy film were measured at different incident angles. The quantitative relationship between the resonant wavelength and the average hue of corresponding resonant color image was established. With this relationship the most hue-sensitive spectral range was determined. After setting the initial resonant wavelength in the hue-sensitive spectral range, the refractive-index sensitivity of the Au-Ag alloy film based SPRi sensor was measured as Δhue/Δn_c = 29,879/RIU, being 8 times higher than that obtained with the gold-film SPRi sensor. The immunodetection of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in water was fulfilled using the Au-Ag alloy film based SPRi sensor. The average hue of the SPR color image linearly increases with increasing the BaP concentration up to C = 0.5 μg/L and the slope is Δhue/ΔC = 132.2/(μg/L). The sensor is responsive to a change of BaP concentration as low as ΔC = 0.01 μg/L. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 605 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Enabling Citizen Science with A Crowdfunded and Field Validated Smart Air Quality Monitor

by Saverio De Vito, Elena Esposito, Fabrizio Formisano, Ettore Massera, Salvatore Fiore, Grazia Fattoruso, Maria Salvato, Antonio Buonanno, Paola Delli Veneri and Girolamo Di Francia

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 932; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130932 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1286

Abstract

This work report the preliminary results of crowdfunding/crowdsensing campaign run in Italy aimed to functional test of a smart air quality monitoring infrastructure. Design and implementation of the cooperative monitoring infrastructure are described along with details of crowdfunding campaign. Participating users received, for [...] Read more.

This work report the preliminary results of crowdfunding/crowdsensing campaign run in Italy aimed to functional test of a smart air quality monitoring infrastructure. Design and implementation of the cooperative monitoring infrastructure are described along with details of crowdfunding campaign. Participating users received, for a whole month, a field validated electrochemical sensors based air quality monitoring node and a companion APP capable of reporting sophisticated concentration estimations. Calibration functions are actually based on machine learning components correcting for environmental and non target gas interferences. Data gathered in the cloud allowed for evaluation of acceptability and reliability of the node as well as for mapping concentrations measurements inside city landscape through an ad-hoc GUI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1028 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Chemiresistors Based on Bisdithiocarbamate Interlinked Gold Nanoparticles

by Yelyena Daskal, Susann Rabe, Rosemarie Dittrich, Christiane Oestreich and Yvonne Joseph

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 933; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130933 - 3 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1379

Abstract

The assembly, structure, composition and sensing properties of novel bisdithiocarbamate based gold nanoparticle networks have been investigated. The sensing properties have been studied with vapors of toluene, 1-propanol, water, and 4-methyl-2-pentanone. We demonstrated that bisdithiocarbamates based chemiresistive sensors show sensing properties versus volatile [...] Read more.

The assembly, structure, composition and sensing properties of novel bisdithiocarbamate based gold nanoparticle networks have been investigated. The sensing properties have been studied with vapors of toluene, 1-propanol, water, and 4-methyl-2-pentanone. We demonstrated that bisdithiocarbamates based chemiresistive sensors show sensing properties versus volatile organic compounds (VOC) comparable to thiol based composites but that they are superior in their long term stability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 603 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Technology for SMD Packaging MOX Gas Sensors

by Nikolay Samotaev, Konstantin Oblov, Anastasia Ivanova, Boris Podlepetsky, Nikolay Volkov and Nazar Zibilyuk

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 934; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130934 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1237

Abstract

The perspective combination of laser micromilling technology and jet (aerosol) printing technologies for ceramic MEMS producing of microhotplate in the surface mounted device (SMD) package for the metal oxide (MOX) sensor is describing. There are discusses technological and economic aspects of small-scale production [...] Read more.

The perspective combination of laser micromilling technology and jet (aerosol) printing technologies for ceramic MEMS producing of microhotplate in the surface mounted device (SMD) package for the metal oxide (MOX) sensor is describing. There are discusses technological and economic aspects of small-scale production of gas MOX sensors. Experiments with laser micromilling of Al₂O₃ ceramics confirmed possibility to produce MEMS microhotplate for MOX gas sensor in SMD package with form-factor SOT-23. Developed technology process is close to 3D prototype philosophy—rapid, simple and cheap. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 463 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

H₂S and NH₃ Detection with Langmuir-Schaefer Monolayer Organic Field-Effect Transistors

by Alexey Sizov, Askold Trul, Victoria Chekusova, Oleg Borshchev, Alexey Vasiliev, Elena Agina and Sergey Ponomarenko

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 935; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130935 - 6 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1311

Abstract

In this work gas sensing properties of Langmuir-Schaefer monolayer organic field-effect transistors (LS OFETs) prepared from organosilicon derivative of [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]-benzothiophene (BTBT) have been investigated. The monolayer has been deposited using Langmuir-Schaefer method, which results in a uniform low-defect monolayer with excellent electrical performance, [...] Read more.

In this work gas sensing properties of Langmuir-Schaefer monolayer organic field-effect transistors (LS OFETs) prepared from organosilicon derivative of [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]-benzothiophene (BTBT) have been investigated. The monolayer has been deposited using Langmuir-Schaefer method, which results in a uniform low-defect monolayer with excellent electrical performance, hole mobility up to 7 × 10⁻² cm² V⁻¹s⁻¹, the threshold voltage around 0 V and on-off ratio of 10⁴. Developed sensors demonstrate a long-term stability of a half-year storage under ambient conditions. Preliminary investigations demonstrated that the LS OFETs give instantaneous response on ammonia and hydrogen sulfide at low concentrations. The results reported open new perspectives for the OFET-based gas-sensing technology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 451 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Sensor and Embedded Control System for Liquid Crystal Implantable Eye Lens

by Patrick Pelgrims, Christ Glorieux, Johan Blanckaert and Robert Puers

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 936; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130936 - 11 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1457

Abstract

A miniature sensor and control system is developed to facilitate human eye ciliary muscle movement detection and to drive the corresponding liquid crystal based lens to create an autofocusing lens for cataract patients. The movement of the ciliary muscle is detected by a [...] Read more.

A miniature sensor and control system is developed to facilitate human eye ciliary muscle movement detection and to drive the corresponding liquid crystal based lens to create an autofocusing lens for cataract patients. The movement of the ciliary muscle is detected by a marker that detunes a Colpitts oscillator. The change in oscillation frequency is measured by the implantable circuit and sent to an external control unit. This external unit calculates the corresponding focal length and returns corresponding commands to the implantable system to change differential signal driving the lens. The system is built with state-of-the-art Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (C.O.T.S.) components around a miniature ultra-low power Filed Programmable Gate Array (F.P.G.A) and a hand full analog components. The system fits on a 10 mm outer diameter Printed Circuit Board (PCB), consumes less than 2.5 mW and is able to measure up to 1 mm ciliary muscle displacements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 612 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Reduced Order Component & System Level Modelling for Fluid-Solid Interactions in Complex MEMS Devices

by Henry Schmidt, David Kriebel and Jan Mehner

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 937; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130937 - 11 Jan 2019

Viewed by 1484

Abstract

The time-efficient and accurate implementation of physics-based fluidic damping effects is still one of the biggest challenges in the simulation of complex MEMS devices. Two modelling approaches utilizing the CRAIG/BAMPTON component mode synthesis method are discussed and compared in context of a highly [...] Read more.

The time-efficient and accurate implementation of physics-based fluidic damping effects is still one of the biggest challenges in the simulation of complex MEMS devices. Two modelling approaches utilizing the CRAIG/BAMPTON component mode synthesis method are discussed and compared in context of a highly automated model generation procedure. The first approach uses a modal projection technique with pressure profiles obtained from REYNOLDS flow simulations using the thermal-fluidic analogy. The second approach is based on the representation of the fluidic domain in form of a generalized KIRCHHOFFian lumped flow resistance network model. Both methods are generally suited for the simulation of structures like gyroscopes or accelerometers, but show different behaviors in terms of scaling and complexity during the model generation step and in the final ROM. The methods are demonstrated on examples and are compared to optical measurements of an out-of-plane teeter-totter type accelerometer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 531 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A 3-Degree-of-Freedom MEMS Mirror with Controllable Static and Dynamic Motion for Beam Steering

by Elnaz Afsharipour, Byoungyoul Park, Ramin Soltanzadeh and Cyrus Shafai

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 938; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130938 - 17 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1545

Abstract

A 3 Degree-of-Freedom (DOF) MEMS mirror is presented which can direct the light beam on an objective point and also operate in a continuous resonance 2 DOF mode. The micro-mirror is actuated by Lorentz force and has 4 actuators embedded in 4 sides [...] Read more.

A 3 Degree-of-Freedom (DOF) MEMS mirror is presented which can direct the light beam on an objective point and also operate in a continuous resonance 2 DOF mode. The micro-mirror is actuated by Lorentz force and has 4 actuators embedded in 4 sides of a square mirror. By enabling the actuators, different types of tilting and linear motion can be achieved. The micro-mirror is able to work in either static mode by applying dc current or dynamic mode by applying an ac current at the mirror resonance frequency. The mirror showed a maximum tilt angle of 14.5° and 20° for an input rms power of 2 mW in the resonance mode. A linear motion of 200 µm was achieved by 65 mW of dc power. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1183 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Miniaturized Plasma Actuator Flow Measurements by MEMS-Based Thermal Conductivity Sensors

by Dominik Berndt, Matthias Lindner, Karl Tschurtschenthaler, Christoph Langer and Rupert Schreiner

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 939; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130939 - 19 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1749

Abstract

The gasflow created by a minaturized dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuator is measured by a MEMS-based thermal conductivity gas sensor giving an indication of flow velocity and flow direction. The possiblity of several sensors in a small area gives a far better [...] Read more.

The gasflow created by a minaturized dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuator is measured by a MEMS-based thermal conductivity gas sensor giving an indication of flow velocity and flow direction. The possiblity of several sensors in a small area gives a far better accuracy of local flow phenomena compared to conventional sensors. This is important for a better understanding of plasma- induced flow characteristics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 635 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Integration of Microresonant Sensor into a Microfluidic Platform for the Real Time Analysis of Platelets-Collagen Interaction in Flow Condition

by Aleksandr Oseev, Benoît Le Roy de Boiseaumarié, Fabien Remy-Martin, Jean-François Manceau, Alain Rouleau, Franck Chollet, Wilfrid Boireau and Thérèse Leblois

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 940; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130940 - 10 Dec 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1354

Abstract

The contribution focuses on the development of microresonant sensor solution integrated in microfluidic platform for the haemostasis assessment at realistic rheological flow conditions similar to the one in blood vessels. A multi-parameter sensor performs real time analysis of interactions between immobilized collagen and [...] Read more.

The contribution focuses on the development of microresonant sensor solution integrated in microfluidic platform for the haemostasis assessment at realistic rheological flow conditions similar to the one in blood vessels. A multi-parameter sensor performs real time analysis of interactions between immobilized collagen and platelets. The detection and characterization of such interactions at controlled flow rates provide information to evaluate the dynamic of each step of primary haemostasis. The microresonant sensor concept was developed and is described in the contribution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1649 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Wafer-Scale Integration for Semi-Flexible Neural Implant Miniaturization

by Marta Kluba, Bruno Morana, Angel Savov, Henk Van Zeijl, Gregory Pandraud and Ronald Dekker

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 941; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130941 - 10 Dec 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1620

Abstract

We present a novel, wafer-based fabrication process that enables integration and assembly of electronic components, such as ASICs and decoupling capacitors, with flexible interconnects. The electronic components are fabricated in, or placed on precisely defined and closely-spaced silicon islands that are connected by [...] Read more.

We present a novel, wafer-based fabrication process that enables integration and assembly of electronic components, such as ASICs and decoupling capacitors, with flexible interconnects. The electronic components are fabricated in, or placed on precisely defined and closely-spaced silicon islands that are connected by interconnects embedded in parylene-based flexible thin film. This fully CMOS compatible approach uses optimized DRIE processes and an SiO₂ mesh-shaped mask, allowing for the simultaneous definition of micrometer- to millimeter-sized structures without compromising the flexibility of the device. In a single fabrication flow a unique freedom in dimensions of both the flexible film and the silicon islands can be achieved making this new technique ideal for the realization of semi-flexible/foldable implantable devices, where structures of different sizes have to be combined together for the ultimate miniaturization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 784 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Cavitation-Assisted Micromixing for Polymeric Nanoparticle Generation

by Salvatore Surdo, Mike Alexander Geven, Roberto Donno, Alberto Diaspro, Nicola Tirelli and Martí Duocastella

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 942; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130942 - 10 Dec 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1409

Abstract

The high-throughput generation of polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) with tailored size and narrow size distribution is key for applications as relevant as sensing and nanomedicine. Here we show how cavitation bubbles in a microfluidic channel can induce rapid nanoprecipitation of PNPs with user-selectable control. [...] Read more.

The high-throughput generation of polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) with tailored size and narrow size distribution is key for applications as relevant as sensing and nanomedicine. Here we show how cavitation bubbles in a microfluidic channel can induce rapid nanoprecipitation of PNPs with user-selectable control. Specifically, we used two tip-electrodes perpendicular to the flow to induce electrical breakdown of a polymer solution and a miscible non-solvent. As a result, a plasma is formed causing cavitation and rapid mixing of the fluids, yielding nanoprecipitates of polymer. We demonstrated mL/min generation of PNPs with a diameter as low as 150 nm and polydispersity below 0.15. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 674 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

UV/Ozone Surface Treatment for Bonding of Elastomeric COC-Based Microfluidic Devices

by Eva Gleichweit, Christian Baumgartner, Reinhard Diethardt, Alexander Murer, Werner Sallegger, Dietmar Werkl and Stefan Köstler

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 943; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130943 - 11 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2032

Abstract

Reliable bonding of microstructured polymer parts is one of the major challenges in industrial fabrication of microfluidic devices. In the present work, the effects of a UV/ozone surface activation on the bonding process were investigated for the combination of a commonly used thermoplastic [...] Read more.

Reliable bonding of microstructured polymer parts is one of the major challenges in industrial fabrication of microfluidic devices. In the present work, the effects of a UV/ozone surface activation on the bonding process were investigated for the combination of a commonly used thermoplastic cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) with an elastomeric COC (eCOC) as a new thermoplastic elastomer material. Bonding was studied using two-component injection molded parts of COC and eCOC, together with microfluidic COC chips. Surface activation and bonding process parameters were optimized and bond strengths were characterized by the wedge test method. The results showed that strong bonding of this polymer materials combination can be achieved at temperatures significantly below the bulk glass transition temperature of COC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 796 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Novel Methodology Based on Thick Film Gas Sensors to Monitor the Hydraulic Oil Ageing

by Ambra Fioravanti, Antonino Bonanno, Maria Cristina Carotta, Giorgio Paolo Massarotti, Sara Morandi, Nicolò Riboni and Federica Bianchi

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 944; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130944 - 10 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1130

Abstract

A new methodology for the real time monitoring of hydraulic oil aging based on the vapor analysis using metal oxide semiconductor (MOX) gas sensors has been successfully developed. A dedicated hydraulic test bench was designed and realized to age the oil under controlled [...] Read more.

A new methodology for the real time monitoring of hydraulic oil aging based on the vapor analysis using metal oxide semiconductor (MOX) gas sensors has been successfully developed. A dedicated hydraulic test bench was designed and realized to age the oil under controlled condition. Gas chromatographic analyses were performed to detect oil volatile compounds (VOCs) and their concentrations at increasing oil working time. Moreover, a laboratory sensor system have been realized to test the headspace of the same samples. Both measurements highlighted a decrease of the VOCs concentrations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 718 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

3D-Printed, Pocket-Size Diffusion Cells for Skin Permeation Investigation

by Giulia Suarato, Raffaele Spanò, Rosalia Bertorelli, Alberto Diaspro, Athanassia Athanassiou and Salvatore Surdo

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 945; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130945 - 10 Dec 2018

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1992

Abstract

Here we present a novel, compact 3D-printed diffusion cell as an in vitro tool for skin permeation investigation. As proof-of-concept, a diffusion cell for studying the permeation of a model molecule (FITC-dextran, 4 kDa) through explanted mice skin is fabricated and characterized. Good [...] Read more.

Here we present a novel, compact 3D-printed diffusion cell as an in vitro tool for skin permeation investigation. As proof-of-concept, a diffusion cell for studying the permeation of a model molecule (FITC-dextran, 4 kDa) through explanted mice skin is fabricated and characterized. Good viability of the tissue up to 24 h incubation in the cell is demonstrated via MTT assays. The real-time diffusion of the molecule by means of fluorescence microscopy allowed the determination of its diffusivity through the skin (~2·10⁻¹⁰ m²/s). Our results open the door for the real-time, high-throughput and cost-effective investigation of skin in any labs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 876 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Silver Growth on Tungsten Oxide Nanowires for Nitrogen Dioxide Sensing at Low Temperature

by Florent Pourcin, Sandrine Bernardini, Christine Videlot-Ackermann, Nassirou Nambiema, Jincheng Liu, Khalifa Aguir, Olivier Margeat and Jörg Ackermann

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 946; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130946 - 11 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1241

Abstract

Gas sensors produced and working at low temperatures are particularly interesting for their compatibility with temperature sensitive substrates such as flexible ones or for their use in specific environments. In this work, we present the chemical synthesis of silver nano-islands grown on ultrathin [...] Read more.

Gas sensors produced and working at low temperatures are particularly interesting for their compatibility with temperature sensitive substrates such as flexible ones or for their use in specific environments. In this work, we present the chemical synthesis of silver nano-islands grown on ultrathin tungsten oxide nanowires (Ag/WO₃ NWs) in order to obtain sensing materials for nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) detection at temperatures below 150 °C. We compare the efficiencies of NO₂ gas sensing, for WO₃ NWs both before and after the silver growth, by drop-casting the nanomaterials from colloidal solutions onto substrates. Interestingly, the working temperature is reduced down to 130 °C even for NO₂ concentrations as low as 0.2 ppm, with a clear improvement in sensitivity in the case of the Ag/WO₃ NWs. Additionally, continuous UV irradiation reduced greatly the recovery time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 729 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A549 Cells Measurements with Optical, Impedance and Microwave Spectroscopy

by Alex Mason, Nicholas Bryan and Olga Korostynska

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 947; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130947 - 7 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1350

Abstract

Lung cancer, especially lung adenocarcinoma, is one of the main causes of death worldwide. This paper reports on the real-time detection methods of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. The proposed approach is based on using optical, impedance and microwave spectroscopy in an attempt [...] Read more.

Lung cancer, especially lung adenocarcinoma, is one of the main causes of death worldwide. This paper reports on the real-time detection methods of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. The proposed approach is based on using optical, impedance and microwave spectroscopy in an attempt to develop an online tool that can be easily used for early cancer diagnostics and treatment monitoring not only in the hospital labs, but at point of care. Low power athermal electromagnetic waves as a sensing mechanism for early cancer detection showed a particular promise. The techniques were also applied to other cells, such as PC3, LL24, HLF, HACAT and DU145, to ensure selectivity of the sensors. Providing real-time information at point of care will be a significant leap on its own as it will dramatically increase screening capabilities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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6 pages, 788 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Modelling and Simulation of Microplasma Discharge Device for Sterilization Applications

by Arnesh Bose, Binu Narakathu, Bradley Bazuin and Massood Atashbar

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 948; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130948 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1446

Abstract

In this study, a microplasma discharge device (MDD) was modelled and simulated for sterilization applications. The MDD was modelled with copper and dielectric based electrodes on flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate. COMSOL Multiphysics^® simulation performed on the MDD model demonstrated varying electron density [...] Read more.

In this study, a microplasma discharge device (MDD) was modelled and simulated for sterilization applications. The MDD was modelled with copper and dielectric based electrodes on flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate. COMSOL Multiphysics^® simulation performed on the MDD model demonstrated varying electron density and electric field distribution for AC terminal voltages ranging from 500 V to 8000 V. A variation of 14% and 54% was also observed for electron density and mobility, respectively when the temperature was increased from 240 K to 360 K, at constant pressure of 1 atm. In addition, a variation of 90% and 78% was observed for electron density and mobility, respectively when the pressure was increased from 0.3 atm to 1.3 atm, at constant room temperature of 295 K. The response of the MDD is analysed and presented in this paper. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 732 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Gravure Printed Flexible Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Heavy Metal Compounds

by Dinesh Maddipatla, Binu Narakathu, Vikram Turkani, Bradley Bazuin and Massood Atashbar

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 950; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130950 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1354

Abstract

An electrochemical sensor was fabricated on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate for the detection of cadmium sulfide (CdS), a heavy metal compound. The sensor consists of a working and reference electrode that were gravure printed using silver (Ag) ink on the PET [...] Read more.

An electrochemical sensor was fabricated on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate for the detection of cadmium sulfide (CdS), a heavy metal compound. The sensor consists of a working and reference electrode that were gravure printed using silver (Ag) ink on the PET substrate. The performance of the sensor was investigated by measuring electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for varying concentrations of the CdS. From the EIS based response, an impedance change of 11 ± 1%, 23 ± 1%, 34 ± 2% and 50 ± 3% was observed for the 1 pM, 1 nM, 1 µM and 1 mM concentrations of CdS, respectively when compared to de-ionized (DI) water, thus demonstrating the potential of employing gravure printed electrochemical sensors for heavy metal detection applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 745 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design, Simulation and Fabrication of A Novel MEMS Based Pulsometer

by Xingzhe Zhang, Arnesh Bose, Dinesh Maddipatla, Binu Narakathu, Vikram Turkani and Massood Atashbar

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 951; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130951 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 1870

Abstract

A novel pulsometer was successfully developed using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based silicon-on-glass (SOG) technology for biomedical applications. The sensor was modelled and simulated in COMSOL Multiphysics^® for pressures ranging from 0 to 40 mmHg. The capability of the fabricated pulsometer to detect [...] Read more.

A novel pulsometer was successfully developed using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based silicon-on-glass (SOG) technology for biomedical applications. The sensor was modelled and simulated in COMSOL Multiphysics^® for pressures ranging from 0 to 40 mmHg. The capability of the fabricated pulsometer to detect movements in x and z-axis directions was investigated. The simulation results demonstrated displacement changes as high as of 98% and 36% in the x and z-axis directions, respectively for 40 mmHg, which correspond to typical radial blood pressure (rBP) on the wrist. In addition, an average capacitance change of 1 nF was experimentally obtained in the x-axis direction, from −5 V to 5 V. The response of the pulsometer is analyzed and presented in this paper. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 263 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Tungsten Oxide Based Sensor for Oxygen Detection

by Wangi P. Sari, Simon Leigh and James Covington

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 952; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130952 - 26 Dec 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1335

Abstract

In this paper we report on the development tungsten oxide based chemiresistive sensors for the monitoring of oxygen at low temperatures (T ≤ 400 °C) in dry and humid air. The sensors were deposited onto alumina substrate by a combination of spin coating [...] Read more.

In this paper we report on the development tungsten oxide based chemiresistive sensors for the monitoring of oxygen at low temperatures (T ≤ 400 °C) in dry and humid air. The sensors were deposited onto alumina substrate by a combination of spin coating and a photolithographic process to define the sensing area. Our results show that the sensors comply with a linear relationship over a 0 to 20% concentration range, with a high response towards oxygen. The highest response was observed at 350 °C (ΔR/R_a = 7.8) in humid and in dry air (ΔR/R_a = 18). This result is a significant improvement over our previous experiments and we believe to take the concept of a metal-oxide based oxygen sensor a step closer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 734 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Regenerable Bead-Based Microfluidic Device with integrated THIN-Film Photodiodes for Real Time Monitoring of DNA Detection

by Catarina R. F. Caneira, Denis R. Santos, Virginia Chu and João P. Conde

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 953; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130953 - 10 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1567

Abstract

Nanoporous microbead-based microfluidic systems for biosensing applications allow enhanced sensitivities, while being low cost and amenable for miniaturization. The regeneration of the microfluidic biosensing system results in a further decrease in costs while the integration of on-chip signal transduction enhances portability. Here, we [...] Read more.

Nanoporous microbead-based microfluidic systems for biosensing applications allow enhanced sensitivities, while being low cost and amenable for miniaturization. The regeneration of the microfluidic biosensing system results in a further decrease in costs while the integration of on-chip signal transduction enhances portability. Here, we present a regenerable bead-based microfluidic device, with integrated thin-film photodiodes, for real-time monitoring of molecular recognition between a target DNA and complementary DNA (cDNA). High-sensitivity assay cycles could be performed without significant loss of probe DNA density and activity, demonstrating the potential for reusability, portability and reproducibility of the system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 616 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Effect of Temperature and Electrical Modes on Radiation Sensitivity of MISFET Dose Sensors

by Boris Podlepetsky, Viacheslav Pershenkov, Alexander Bakerenkov, Vladislav Felitsyn and Alexander Rodin

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 954; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130954 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1190

Abstract

The temperature and electrical modes influences on radiation sensitivity of n-channel MISFETs sensors of the total ionizing dose were investigated. There were measured the MISFET-based dosimeter output voltages V as function of the radiation doses D at const values of the drain [...] Read more.

The temperature and electrical modes influences on radiation sensitivity of n-channel MISFETs sensors of the total ionizing dose were investigated. There were measured the MISFET-based dosimeter output voltages V as function of the radiation doses D at const values of the drain current I_D and the drain–source voltage V_D, as well as the (I_D–V_G) characteristics before, during and after irradiations at different temperatures T (V_G is the gate voltage). It was shown how the conversion function V(D) and the radiation sensitivity S_D are depending on the temperature T for different electrical modes. To interpret experimental data there were proposed the models taking into account the separate contributions of charges in the dielectric Q_t and in SiO₂–Si interface Q_s. The model’s parameters ΔV_t(D,T) and ΔV_s(D,T) were calculated using the experimental I_D–V_G characteristics. These models can be used to predict performances of MISFET-based devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 313 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

An Open-Source Smart Sensor Architecture for Edge Computing in IoT Applications

by Ermanno Cordelli, Giorgio Pennazza, Marco Sabatini, Marco Santonico and Luca Vollero

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 955; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130955 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1230

Abstract

Smart sensors are sensing devices that include computational and communication functionalities. In this work we present a reference model aimed at simplifying the implementation of smart sensors and their integration in IoT applications. The proposed model is micro-controller agnostic and it is viable [...] Read more.

Smart sensors are sensing devices that include computational and communication functionalities. In this work we present a reference model aimed at simplifying the implementation of smart sensors and their integration in IoT applications. The proposed model is micro-controller agnostic and it is viable in different scenarios ranging from the management of a single analog sensor to the orchestration of a heterogeneous array of sensors. The model is open-source and the implementation is available online as reference for the development of custom smart sensors. The evaluation of our framework shows that it can be implemented with limited overhead. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 544 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Effect of Pt Decoration on the Gas Sensing Properties of Copper Oxide Nanorods

by Neslihan Sarıca, Onur Alev and Zafer Ziya Öztürk

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 956; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130956 - 10 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1115

Abstract

Herein, copper oxide nanorods were hydrothermally synthesized on SiO₂ substrates with inter digital gold electrodes fabricated by photolithography method. This method offers the advantage of practical usage as a sensor device. Hydrothermal synthesis were carried out at 85 °C for 4 h. [...] Read more.

Herein, copper oxide nanorods were hydrothermally synthesized on SiO₂ substrates with inter digital gold electrodes fabricated by photolithography method. This method offers the advantage of practical usage as a sensor device. Hydrothermal synthesis were carried out at 85 °C for 4 h. Fabricated nanorods were decorated with Pt for 30 s via magnetron sputtering system. SEM, XRD and EDX studies were performed to characterize the samples. Sensing properties of nanorods were tested with H₂, NO₂ and CO at 200 °C. Results showed that Pt decoration enhanced sensor response to H₂ while decreasing sensor response to NO₂ and CO. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 628 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Localized and In-Situ Integration of Different Nanowire Materials for Electronic Nose Applications

by Guillem Domènech-Gil, Lukas Hrachowina, Antonio Pardo, Michael S. Seifner, Isabel Gràcia, Carles Cané, Sven Barth and Albert Romano-Rodríguez

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 957; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130957 - 11 Jan 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1371

Abstract

A new method for the site-selective synthesis of nanowires has been developed to enable the material growth with specific morphology and different compositions on one single chip. Based on a modification of the chemical vapor deposition method, the growth of nanowires on top [...] Read more.

A new method for the site-selective synthesis of nanowires has been developed to enable the material growth with specific morphology and different compositions on one single chip. Based on a modification of the chemical vapor deposition method, the growth of nanowires on top of micromembranes can be easily tuned and represents a simple and adjustable fabrication process for the direct integration of different nanowire-based resistive multifunctional devices. This proof-of-concept is exemplified by the deposition of SnO₂, WO₃ and Ge nanowires on the membranes of one single chip and their gas sensing responses towards different concentrations of CO, NO₂ and humidity diluted in synthetic air are evaluated. The principal component analysis of the collected data allows gas identification and, thus, the system is suitable for environmental monitoring. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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2 pages, 834 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Room Temperature Humidity Sensor Based on Single β-Ga2O3 Nanowires

by Guillem Domènech-Gil, Irmina Peiró, Elena López-Aymerich, Mauricio Moreno, Paolo Pellegrino, Isabel Gràcia, Carles Cané, Sven Barth and Albert Romano-Rodríguez

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 958; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130958 - 8 Jan 2019

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1151

Abstract

n/a Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 618 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Reliable and Sensitive Method Using Cyclic Voltammetry for the Detection of Airborne Fungi

by Jörg Ettenauer, Karen Zuser, Sandra Pfeiffer, Dominique Cserna and Martin Brandl

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 959; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130959 - 29 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1622

Abstract

Fungi are widespread throughout the environment and can cause health as well as indoor problems. One of the most common fungi involved in building damage are Aspergillus sp. This study describes a rapid method for the detection of fungal spores. It is based [...] Read more.

Fungi are widespread throughout the environment and can cause health as well as indoor problems. One of the most common fungi involved in building damage are Aspergillus sp. This study describes a rapid method for the detection of fungal spores. It is based on the ability of fungi to produce the enzyme cellulase, which can cleave the substrate Aminophenyl-β-d-cellobioside (APC) resulting into 4-Aminophenyl (AP). This cleavage product can then be oxidized leading to an increased output current signal. In the experimental setup several growth media and different parameters were tested over time, for instance growth conditions like pH or incubation temperature. Furthermore, various spore concentrations, which are related to the cellulase activities, were examined. This method presents a technique that makes it possible to specifically detect low concentrations of fungi spores in short time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1054 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

SCIPIO—Scientific Purification Indicator

by Theodor Hillebrand, Yannik Auth, David Horch, Maike Taddiken and Konstantin Tscherkaschin

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 960; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130960 - 6 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1288

Abstract

This paper presents a new way of dealing with drinkable water shortness all over the world. The developed devices’ functionality is based on the well-known and established SODIS (SOlar DISinfection) method. The whole device, Scipio—Scientific Purification Indicator, is designed in a way, that [...] Read more.

This paper presents a new way of dealing with drinkable water shortness all over the world. The developed devices’ functionality is based on the well-known and established SODIS (SOlar DISinfection) method. The whole device, Scipio—Scientific Purification Indicator, is designed in a way, that it is self-powered by solar cells and can be placed inside a bottle in order to provide best measurements. The device is capable of communicate via Bluetooth with other devices. Thus, an observation or control of the correct application of the SODIS method can be established. The paradigm shift we offer in terms of development aid not to simply help the people but to empower them to care for themselves. It is a very important that everyone can purify their own drinking water without the need of subsequent supplies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 531 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Collagenase Biosensor Based on the Degradation of Peptide Cross-Linked Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Hydrogel Films

by Norlaily Ahmad, Burcu Colak, Martin John Gibbs, De-Wen Zhang, C. Remzi Becer, Michael Watkinson, Julien E. Gautrot and Steffi Krause

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 961; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130961 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1633

Abstract

Peptide cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel is a promising biomaterial that has been used widely for drug delivery and tissue engineering. However, the use of this material as a biosensor material for the detection of collagenase has not been explored. Collagenase play a key [...] Read more.

Peptide cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel is a promising biomaterial that has been used widely for drug delivery and tissue engineering. However, the use of this material as a biosensor material for the detection of collagenase has not been explored. Collagenase play a key role in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Detection of this class of enzyme using the degradable hydrogel film format is promising as a point-of-care device for disease monitoring. In this study, a biosensor was developed based on the degradation of a peptide cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel film for the detection of collagenase. The hydrogel was deposited on gold-coated quartz crystals and their degradation in the presence of collagenase was monitored using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM). The biosensor was shown to respond to concentrations between 2 nM to 2000 nM with a lower detection limit of 2 nM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 654 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Resonant Photoacoustic Gas Monitoring of Combustion Emissions

by Mahmoud El-Safoury, Miguel Dufner, Christian Weber, Katrin Schmitt, Hans-Fridtjof Pernau, Bert Willing and Jürgen Wöllenstein

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 962; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130962 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2157

Abstract

Since the entrance into the industrial era and the increasing demand for energy due to global economic growth and development, the amount of energy-related emissions have continuously grown every year to significantly high levels. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide or methane [...] Read more.

Since the entrance into the industrial era and the increasing demand for energy due to global economic growth and development, the amount of energy-related emissions have continuously grown every year to significantly high levels. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide or methane cause an increase in the earth’s temperature. Toxic gases like nitrous oxides, Sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide are extremely detrimental to the health of all living beings. Over the past few years, global organizations are imposing tighter limits by international laws for flue-gas emissions from fossil-fuel combustion. Emission-limiting techniques like filter and scrubber systems have to be installed for waste gas treatment in the exhaust gas streams. In addition, exhaust gas measuring technologies detect the actual emission values of the respective target gases. We present the development of a low-cost and highly sensitive photoacoustic gas detector for the monitoring of emitted combustion gases. First tests were carried out with the toxic Sulphur dioxide (SO₂) in secure lab conditions, where a sensitivity below 1 part per million (ppm) was achieved during continuous flow of the gas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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6 pages, 457 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

On-Line Error Correction in Sensor Interface Circuits by Using Adaptive Filtering and Digital Calibration

by Sascha Heinssen, Theodor Hillebrand, Maike Taddiken, Steffen Paul and Dagmar Peters-Drolshagen

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 963; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130963 - 30 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1308

Abstract

Numerous non-ideal effects can distort the functionality of sensor interfaces and have to be considered during the design phase. In order to relax the requirements for the analog circuit components, adaptive filtering and digital calibration are used in this work to detect and [...] Read more.

Numerous non-ideal effects can distort the functionality of sensor interfaces and have to be considered during the design phase. In order to relax the requirements for the analog circuit components, adaptive filtering and digital calibration are used in this work to detect and correct different gain- and offset-errors. The error detection is performed by transmitting a test signal through the sensor interface continuously and in parallel to the sensor signal. In the digital domain, variations of the test signal are evaluated and present errors can be determined and eliminated. In this way, an on-line error correction is realized, which makes the sensor interface more robust against static and dynamic non-idealities. The proposed concept is demonstrated by correcting different gain- and offset-errors in a 65nm CMOS sensor interface. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 580 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Gas Sensing Properties of WO₃ Nanowires Decorated with Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles

by Èric Navarrete, Carla Bittencourt and Eduard Llobet

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 964; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130964 - 30 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1319

Abstract

Tungsten trioxide (WO₃) nanowires decorated with iridium oxide nanoparticles (WO₃-IrO₂) have been studied as candidate towards low NO₂ concentrations gas detection. Furthermore, reducing gases such ammonia vapors and hydrogen have been also studied. WO₃ nanowires [...] Read more.

Tungsten trioxide (WO₃) nanowires decorated with iridium oxide nanoparticles (WO₃-IrO₂) have been studied as candidate towards low NO₂ concentrations gas detection. Furthermore, reducing gases such ammonia vapors and hydrogen have been also studied. WO₃ nanowires were grown following an aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) methodology; and decorated in two steps. As first step, nanowires were grown and subsequently annealed at 500 °C for two hours in order to remove impurities and enhance the oxidation ratio. In a second step, employing an iridium oxide nanoparticles suspension they were decorated through AACVD. Iridium oxide nanoparticles were synthetized from an inorganic precursor through an acidic hydrolysis synthesis route. The sensors were also characterized through environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). All iridium oxide based sensors shows a higher response towards all the gases tested in comparison towards pristine sensors, despite showing the best performance towards NO₂. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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1 pages, 3811 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Oil-cooled thermoelectric energy harvesting for aero-engine sensing system

by Bahareh Zaghari, Imran Bashir, Alex S. Weddell, Neil M. White, Terry J. Harvey and Ling Wang

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 965; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130965 - 10 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1171

Abstract

To enhance the performance and reliability of aircraft propulsion systems, an integrated
bearing condition monitoring system is proposed. This intelligent bearing must have advanced health
management capabilities to provide early warning of problems. In most commercial high-temperature
applications, the sensing system is located [...] Read more.

To enhance the performance and reliability of aircraft propulsion systems, an integrated
bearing condition monitoring system is proposed. This intelligent bearing must have advanced health
management capabilities to provide early warning of problems. In most commercial high-temperature
applications, the sensing system is located externally due to lack of appropriate electronic devices
that can function at high temperature. This paper presents the design and implementation of a
self-powered sensing system for use in a high-temperature aircraft environment. The performance of
the thermoelectric generator and energy availability to process acceleration data is shown from our
laboratory tests based on realistic operating conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 323 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Evaluation of a Colorimetric Sensor System for Early Fire Detection

by Roland Pohle, Teresa Pohl, Carolin Pannek, Karina Tarantik, Marie-Luise Bauersfeld, Jürgen Wöllenstein, Stefan Raible and Frank Seiler

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 966; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130966 - 5 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1371

Abstract

The use of colorimetric reactions as a sensitive, selective and low-cost method for the detection of fire related gases is evaluated in this work. As the most relevant fire gas carbon monoxide CO is addressed in the first place. A rhodium-based metal-organic complex [...] Read more.

The use of colorimetric reactions as a sensitive, selective and low-cost method for the detection of fire related gases is evaluated in this work. As the most relevant fire gas carbon monoxide CO is addressed in the first place. A rhodium-based metal-organic complex has been selected, which a colorimetric material sensitive for CO. For the optical readout a compact setup has been developed which provides the option for spectroscopy in transmission and attenuated total reflection in parallel. The detection of CO in concentrations relevant for fire detection has been demonstrated in synthetic gas mixtures as well as in real fire gas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1265 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Modelling a Holographic Particle Counter

by Georg Brunnhofer and Alexander Bergmann

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 967; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130967 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1482

Abstract

In order to design an imaging unit of a novel holographic particle counter an aerosol particle model was developed to generate a virtual hologram plane of an aerosol volume of interest. The herein presented model combines the three essential components to help dimensioning [...] Read more.

In order to design an imaging unit of a novel holographic particle counter an aerosol particle model was developed to generate a virtual hologram plane of an aerosol volume of interest. The herein presented model combines the three essential components to help dimensioning a target detection unit: (i) an In-Line holography model with a reference light source and a basic transfer function of an imager to take into account imager size, pixel pitch and exposure time; (ii) an aerosol particle model with particles of variable count, size and spatial distribution; and (iii) the possibility to import fluid dynamics simulation data to simulate the particle flow in an arbitrary sampling volume. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 575 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Load-Deflection Behavior of RF-MEMS Switches: FEA and Analytical Modeling for Prediction of Mechanical Properties

by Chiara De Pascali, Alvise Bagolini, Donatella Duraccio, Pietro Siciliano and Luca Francioso

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 968; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130968 - 30 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1211

Abstract

Si_xN_y/a-Si/Si_xN_y thin film RF-MEMS switches were fabricated by unconventional PECVD process using surface micromachining approach. The mechanical properties of tri-layer were measured by nanoindentation and wafer curvature method. Deflections of switches clamped on two opposite edges [...] Read more.

Si_xN_y/a-Si/Si_xN_y thin film RF-MEMS switches were fabricated by unconventional PECVD process using surface micromachining approach. The mechanical properties of tri-layer were measured by nanoindentation and wafer curvature method. Deflections of switches clamped on two opposite edges were measured by a profilometer applying increasing quasi-point pressure loads. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was used to study the mechanical behavior of clamped-clamped switches. An analytical solution was developed and validated, numerically and experimentally, to describe the load-deflection response of perforated membranes to quasi-point loads. The proposed function was used to determine the internal stress of the investigated membranes; the relative error between the predicted and calculated stress values was in the range 2.1–8.5%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1107 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

An Analytical Method for Modelling Pull-In Effect during Anodic Bonding

by Qiuxu Wei, Bo Xie, Yulan Lu, Deyong Chen, Jian Chen and Junbo Wang

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 969; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130969 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1094

Abstract

Pull-in effect is a common phenomenon during anodic bonding, a key step in the
fabrication processes of capacitive sensors and actuators. To assist the designs and fabrications of
these transducers, this paper presents an analytical method for modelling the pull-in effect during
anodic [...] Read more.

Pull-in effect is a common phenomenon during anodic bonding, a key step in the
fabrication processes of capacitive sensors and actuators. To assist the designs and fabrications of
these transducers, this paper presents an analytical method for modelling the pull-in effect during
anodic bonding. The pull-in effect model was verified by finite element analysis and a verification
experiment respectively. The verification results indicate that the analytical method for modelling
the pull-in effect during anodic bonding is capable for predicting pull-in voltages of anodically
bonded capacitive sensors and actuators in a universal and practical manner without any additional
fabrication process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 399 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Multicomponent Metal Oxide Nanostructures: Fabrication and Study of Core Issues to Improve Gas Sensing Performance

by Vardan Galstyan, Andrea Ponzoni, Iskandar Kholmanov, Marta M. Natile, Antonella Glisenti, Giorgio Sberveglieri and Elisabetta Comini

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 970; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130970 - 30 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1394

Abstract

We have obtained and studied the sensing properties of porous titania-based nanostructures. The materials have been prepared using cost-effective techniques. The morphological and structural analyses of the prepared materials have been performed. The sensing properties of the samples have been studied towards carbon [...] Read more.

We have obtained and studied the sensing properties of porous titania-based nanostructures. The materials have been prepared using cost-effective techniques. The morphological and structural analyses of the prepared materials have been performed. The sensing properties of the samples have been studied towards carbon monoxide. The obtained results demonstrate that the prepared structures are promising for the potential applications in the area of chemical sensors for the environmental monitoring. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1114 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

An LED Platform for Micropower Gas Sensors

by Nicolai Markiewicz, Olga Casals, Cristian Fabrega, Hutomo Suryo Wasisto, Andreas Waag and Joan Daniel Prades

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 971; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130971 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1389

Abstract

We developed an integrated platform to build up conductometric sensors with controlled illumination. Our device contains a miniaturized indium gallium nitride (InGaN) LED as a light source, and a set of interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) in close contact with the LED. The sensor material [...] Read more.

We developed an integrated platform to build up conductometric sensors with controlled illumination. Our device contains a miniaturized indium gallium nitride (InGaN) LED as a light source, and a set of interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) in close contact with the LED. The sensor material is later deposited on top of the IDE, to monitor its resistance. In this configuration, all the light emitted by the LED is collected by the sensor material, leading to a very efficient photoexcitation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach building a photoactivated gas sensor based on ZnO operating with as little as 100 μW. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 750 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Microchannel Fabrication Using A Photo-Patternable Adhesive Material for Recording Conformational Changes of KcsA Channel with the Diffracted X-ray Tracking Method

by Yoshikazu Hirai, Yasuaki Mori, Tomoki Tabuchi, Hirofumi Shimizu, Toshiyuki Tsuchiya and Osamu Tabata

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 972; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130972 - 5 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1764

Abstract

Diffracted X-ray tracking (DXT) method can trace conformational changes of KcsA potassium ion channel during gating by recording position of diffraction spot from a gold nanocrystal attached to the channel as a movie. For high-resolution imaging under controlled microenvironments for KcsA channels, we [...] Read more.

Diffracted X-ray tracking (DXT) method can trace conformational changes of KcsA potassium ion channel during gating by recording position of diffraction spot from a gold nanocrystal attached to the channel as a movie. For high-resolution imaging under controlled microenvironments for KcsA channels, we report a microfluidic device consisting of two SiN membrane windows bonded with a photo patternable adhesive material. The reduced signal-to-background ratio as well as suitable adhesive material thickness for the microchannel are discussed in the experiment at the synchrotron radiation facility. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 564 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Ultra-Low Power CMOS Readout for Resonant MEMS Strain Sensors

by Marco Crescentini, Cinzia Tamburini, Luca Belsito, Aldo Romani, Alberto Roncaglia and Marco Tartagni

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 973; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130973 - 11 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1455

Abstract

This paper presents an ultra-low power, silicon-integrated readout for resonant MEMS strain sensors. The analogue readout implements a negative-resistance amplifier based on first-generation current conveyors (CCI) that, thanks to the reduced number of active elements, targets both low-power and low-noise. A prototype of [...] Read more.

This paper presents an ultra-low power, silicon-integrated readout for resonant MEMS strain sensors. The analogue readout implements a negative-resistance amplifier based on first-generation current conveyors (CCI) that, thanks to the reduced number of active elements, targets both low-power and low-noise. A prototype of the circuit was implemented in a 0.18-µm technology occupying less than 0.4 mm2 and consuming only 9 µA from the 1.8-V power supply. The prototype was earliest tested by connecting it to a resonant MEMS strain resonator. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 646 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Effective Sensor Properties of a Novel Co-Resonant Cantilever Sensor

by Julia Körner

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 974; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130974 - 8 Jan 2019

Viewed by 1223

Abstract

Co-resonantly coupled cantilever sensors have recently been introduced as a very promising concept to strongly increase the sensitivity of dynamic-mode cantilever MEMS sensors (several orders of magnitude experimentally demonstrated) while maintaining the ease of detection. Mechanical coupling and eigenfrequency matching of a micro- [...] Read more.

Co-resonantly coupled cantilever sensors have recently been introduced as a very promising concept to strongly increase the sensitivity of dynamic-mode cantilever MEMS sensors (several orders of magnitude experimentally demonstrated) while maintaining the ease of detection. Mechanical coupling and eigenfrequency matching of a micro- and a nanocantilever lead to a coupled system where any interaction at the highly sensitive nanocantilever alters the oscillatory state of the entire system which is detected at the microcantilever with standard laser-based methods. The coupled system’s sensor properties are described by effective parameters which depend on the subsystems’ properties and the degree of eigenfrequency matching. Here, the focus is on the implications of the effective properties on sensor performance with regard to sensitivity and detectability, which will be illustrated by an exemplary sensor model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 649 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Novel Approach for Modeling an Ionic Imprinted Polymer Based SAW Sensor with COMSOL Multiphysics

by Nadia Aloui, Nicolas Joly, Chouki Zerrouki, Najla Fourati and Nourdin Yaakoubi

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 975; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130975 - 30 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1351

Abstract

Modeling a Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensor response as a chemosensor and not only as just an electronic transducer was performed with COMSOL Multiphysics. For this study, the SAW’s sensing area was functionalized with an ionic imprinted polymer (IIP), designed for the selective [...] Read more.

Modeling a Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensor response as a chemosensor and not only as just an electronic transducer was performed with COMSOL Multiphysics. For this study, the SAW’s sensing area was functionalized with an ionic imprinted polymer (IIP), designed for the selective detection of lead ions. The idea consists in subdividing the IIP into elementary blocks whose physical properties can be modified separately. Three configurations have been envisaged: the IIP before and after lead ions extraction and the non-imprinted polymer (NIP). The generation of shear-horizontal waves on LiTaO₃ piezoelectric substrate is confirmed by recording the displacement amplitude versus time, according to the three space directions. The sensors sensitivity is estimated from the delays induced by the incorporation of the lead ions in the IIP layer. To the best of our knowledge, this approach has never been presented in the literature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 599 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Self-Sustaining Square-Extensional Mode Resonator Oscillator for Mass Sensing in Liquid

by Habiba Begum, Abid Ali and Joshua En-Yuan Lee

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 976; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130976 - 10 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1484

Abstract

We present a 5.41 MHz square-extensional (SE) mode resonator in closed-loop oscillation for resonant mass sensing in the liquid phase. The resonator has been fabricated in piezoelectric thin film aluminum nitride (AlN) on silicon (Si). The strain profile of the SE mode allows [...] Read more.

We present a 5.41 MHz square-extensional (SE) mode resonator in closed-loop oscillation for resonant mass sensing in the liquid phase. The resonator has been fabricated in piezoelectric thin film aluminum nitride (AlN) on silicon (Si). The strain profile of the SE mode allows for higher electromechanical coupling efficiency using piezoelectric transduction to lower the motional resistance (Rm) given the expected low quality factors (Q) in liquid (136 compared to 942 in air). By locking the device into self-sustained oscillation, the minimum detectable frequency shift is reduced from 3680 ppm (open-loop in water) to 8.76 ppm (closed-loop in air). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 889 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Disposable Inkjet-Printed Humidity and Temperature Sensor Fabricated on Paper

by Dimitris Barmpakos, Apostolos Segkos, Christos Tsamis and Grigoris Kaltsas

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 977; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130977 - 10 Dec 2018

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2820

Abstract

In this work we present the development of a low-cost humidity and temperature sensing platform on paper by inkjet printing, using a commercial AgNPs conductive ink. The humidity sensing module was capable of measuring relative humidity in the range of 0–90%rH, exhibiting linear [...] Read more.

In this work we present the development of a low-cost humidity and temperature sensing platform on paper by inkjet printing, using a commercial AgNPs conductive ink. The humidity sensing module was capable of measuring relative humidity in the range of 0–90%rH, exhibiting linear response with minimal memory effect when returning to 0%rH baseline signal while the temperature sensor performed linearly as well in the range of 25–75°C. Process repeatability has been verified by electrical and optical characterization. Mechanical bending results highlight the platform’s capability to serve as an easy to install, flexible multi-parametric sensing platform. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 839 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Ultra Low Power Wireless Sensor Network for Pink Iguanas Monitoring

by Pierpaolo Loreti, Alexandro Catini, Massimiliano De Luca, Lorenzo Bracciale, Gabriele Gentile and Corrado Di Natale

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 978; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130978 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1801

Abstract

Energy management is a key issue in the design of long-lived wireless sensor networks. (WSNs). Energy is used to collect data by sensors and to communicate it to other nodes and to the gateways. The energy management procedures aim at minimizing the energy [...] Read more.

Energy management is a key issue in the design of long-lived wireless sensor networks. (WSNs). Energy is used to collect data by sensors and to communicate it to other nodes and to the gateways. The energy management procedures aim at minimizing the energy consumption of both the data acquisition and transmission activities. A careful design is crucial when the devices are powered by energy harvesting techniques, such as solar power. This paper describes a device architecture for a WSN node designed to monitor the habit of pink iguanas: a recently discovered species living in remote locations at the Galápagos Islands. The few individuals of this species live in a relatively small area (around 25 km² on top of Volcano Wolf, Isla Isabela) that lacks of any available communication infrastructure. The design combines an ultra low power sleep mode and a long range communication capability that requires a very high power consumption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 440 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Towards an Empirical Model for the Prediction of the Selectivity of Polymer Membranes

by Thorsten Graunke, Katrin Schmitt, Sebastian Busch, Stefan Raible and Jürgen Wöllenstein

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 979; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130979 - 30 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1653

Abstract

Polymer membranes are often used in combination with gas sensors for selectivity enhancement, especially with metal-oxide sensors (MOX). We report on the development of an empirical model to predict the gas separation properties of polymer membranes. This model is based on the two [...] Read more.

Polymer membranes are often used in combination with gas sensors for selectivity enhancement, especially with metal-oxide sensors (MOX). We report on the development of an empirical model to predict the gas separation properties of polymer membranes. This model is based on the two parameters sorption and diffusion, represented by the polar fraction of the free surface energy (SFE), and the water absorption combined with the molecule diameter based on Lennard-Jones. We measured the surface tension for a number of common fluoropolymers and used the results to determine their SFE using the graphical method developed by van Oss—Chaudhury—Good, compared them with literature data and further optimized the model. With the optimized model, combined with the information on functional groups in the polymers, we are able to predict the selectivity of polymer membranes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 786 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Electromagnetic Sensing for Non-Destructive Real-Time Fruit Ripeness Detection: Case-Study for Automated Strawberry Picking

by Olga Korostynska, Alex Mason and Pål Johan From

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 980; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130980 - 10 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1990

Abstract

Rapid non-destructive measurement or prediction of ripeness, quality and fungal infection in various fruits is a challenge currently affecting automation of fruit harvesting and gathering. This is especially true for delicate and difficult to store fruit such as strawberries, which are traditionally delivered [...] Read more.

Rapid non-destructive measurement or prediction of ripeness, quality and fungal infection in various fruits is a challenge currently affecting automation of fruit harvesting and gathering. This is especially true for delicate and difficult to store fruit such as strawberries, which are traditionally delivered directly to the customer from the farm. However, transportation of the product, often overseas, means that fruits’ condition at the time of gathering should be precisely planned. This paper reports on the initial trials of using non-invasive athermal microwave spectroscopy as a tool to assist in real-time fruit ripeness detection. The trials were conducted during June 2018 and have illustrated that the proposed method can distinguish between strawberries at different stages in ripening (R2 = 0.788, p = 0.0283). The findings support further development of the technique, which aims for integration with the Thorvald II agricultural robotic system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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6 pages, 658 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

An Intrinsically Pressure Insensitive Low Cost Particle Number Diluter Featuring Flow Monitoring

by Markus Bainschab and Alexander Bergmann

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 981; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130981 - 10 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1363

Abstract

We present a low cost Particle Number (PN) diluter including mass flow monitoring. The device consists of a commercial hypodermic needle, a High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter. and a custom-made flow sensor. The flow sensor is used to monitor the diluter’s performance [...] Read more.

We present a low cost Particle Number (PN) diluter including mass flow monitoring. The device consists of a commercial hypodermic needle, a High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter. and a custom-made flow sensor. The flow sensor is used to monitor the diluter’s performance and enable in-time replacement of the low cost elements used. Neither the sampling flow rate nor the pressure drop drastically change the dilution factor introduced by the presented device. This makes the presented device especially useful for particle number measurements at positions close to the tailpipe of internal combustion engine powered vehicles, where aggravating, fast pressure pulsations complicate correct sampling. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 495 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Epitaxial Graphene Sensors Combined with 3D Printed Microfluidic Chip for Heavy Metals Detection

by Maria Francesca Santangelo, Ivan Shtepliuk, Donatella Puglisi, Daniel Filippini, Rositsa Yakimova and Jens Eriksson

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 982; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130982 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1328

Abstract

Two-dimensional materials may constitute key elements in the development of a sensing platform where extremely high sensitivity is required, since even minimal chemical interaction can generate appreciable changes in the electronic state of the material. In this work, we investigate the sensing performance [...] Read more.

Two-dimensional materials may constitute key elements in the development of a sensing platform where extremely high sensitivity is required, since even minimal chemical interaction can generate appreciable changes in the electronic state of the material. In this work, we investigate the sensing performance of epitaxial graphene on Si-face 4H-SiC (EG/SiC) for liquid-phase detection of heavy metals (e.g., Pb). The integration of preparatory steps needed for sample conditioning is included in the sensing platform, exploiting fast prototyping using a 3D printer, which allows direct fabrication of a microfluidic chip incorporating all the features required to connect and execute the Lab-on-chip (LOC) functions. It is demonstrated that interaction of Pb²⁺ ions in water-based solutions with the EG enhances its conductivity exhibiting a Langmuir correlation between signal and Pb²⁺ concentration. Several concentrations of Pb²⁺ solutions ranging from 125 nM to 500 µM were analyzed showing good stability and reproducibility over time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 547 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Ammonia Detection at Low Temperature by Tungsten Oxide Nanowires

by Sandrine Bernardini, Florent Pourcin, Nassirou Nambiema, Olivier Margeat, Khalifa Aguir, Christine Videlot-Ackermann, Jörg Ackermann and Marc Bendahan

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 983; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130983 - 10 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1245

Abstract

Ammonia detection at low temperatures below 150 °C is attractive to be well suited for flexible substrates in terms of thermal strain and to specific environment not allowing high temperature such as explosive one. In commercial gas sensors, tungsten trioxide is the mostly [...] Read more.

Ammonia detection at low temperatures below 150 °C is attractive to be well suited for flexible substrates in terms of thermal strain and to specific environment not allowing high temperature such as explosive one. In commercial gas sensors, tungsten trioxide is the mostly used semiconducting metal oxide after tin dioxide. We report herein the efficiency of tungsten trioxide nanowires deposited on rigid substrate by drop coating from colloidal solution. This study provides an interesting approach to fabricate ammonia sensors on conformable substrate with significant properties for applications in environmental monitoring devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1003 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Fabrication of Structured Boron-Doped Diamond Films for Electrochemical Applications

by Tibor Ižák, Ondrej Szabó, Pavla Štenclová, Štěpán Potocký, Vlastimil Vyskočil and Alexander Kromka

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 984; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130984 - 29 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1526

Abstract

In the present study, we introduce various technological approaches for fabrication of structured boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes, i.e., nanocones and nanorods which are used as working electrodes for electrochemical measurements. Structured BDD were realized either by reactive ion etching employing gold nanoclusters as [...] Read more.

In the present study, we introduce various technological approaches for fabrication of structured boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes, i.e., nanocones and nanorods which are used as working electrodes for electrochemical measurements. Structured BDD were realized either by reactive ion etching employing gold nanoclusters as the mask or by thermo-catalytically induced modification of the diamond surface. All samples were characterized in terms of surface morphology (scanning electron microscopy images), chemical composition (Raman spectroscopy) and electrochemical properties (anodic stripping voltammetry). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 838 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Decorated Graphene for Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds

by Marius Rodner, Donatella Puglisi, Sebastian Ekeroth, Ulf Helmersson, Ivan G. Ivanov, Rositsa Yakimova, Kajsa Uvdal, Andreas Schütze and Jens Eriksson

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 985; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130985 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1452

Abstract

It has been found that two-dimensional materials, such as graphene, can be used as remarkable gas detection platforms as even minimal chemical interactions can lead to distinct changes in electrical conductivity. In this work, epitaxially grown graphene was decorated with iron oxide nanoparticles [...] Read more.

It has been found that two-dimensional materials, such as graphene, can be used as remarkable gas detection platforms as even minimal chemical interactions can lead to distinct changes in electrical conductivity. In this work, epitaxially grown graphene was decorated with iron oxide nanoparticles for sensor performance tuning. This hybrid surface was used as a sensing layer to detect formaldehyde and benzene at concentrations of relevance in air quality monitoring (low parts per billion). Moreover, the time constants could be drastically reduced using a derivative sensor signal readout, allowing detection at the sampling rates desired for air quality monitoring applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1514 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Effect of Nanostructured Octahedral SnO₂ Added with a Binary Mixture P-Type and N-Type Metal Oxide on CO Detection

by Aymen Sendi, Philippe Menini, Myrtil L. Kahn, Katia Fajerwerg and Pierre Fau

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 986; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130986 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1161

Abstract

In this work, we study the effect of nanostructured octahedral SnO₂ added with a binary mixture p-type and n-type metal oxide semiconductors of CuO and ZnO, on CO detection at two concentrations (100 ppm and 1000 ppm). These metal oxides (SnO₂ [...] Read more.

In this work, we study the effect of nanostructured octahedral SnO₂ added with a binary mixture p-type and n-type metal oxide semiconductors of CuO and ZnO, on CO detection at two concentrations (100 ppm and 1000 ppm). These metal oxides (SnO₂ and binary mixture of CuO_75%/ZnO_25%) are prepared in the form of a serigraphy paste and deposited on an optimized silicon micro-hotplate. The sensors can be operated at temperature of 550 °C with a low energy consumption of only 55 mW. The binary and ternary mixtures of metal oxide are operated at different working temperature to optimize their sensitivity to CO. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 525 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Soot Particle Classifications in the Context of a Resistive Sensor Study

by Adrien Reynaud, Mickael Leblanc, Stéphane Zinola, Philippe Breuil and Jean-Paul Viricelle

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 987; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130987 - 7 Dec 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1217

Abstract

Since 2011, Euro 5b European standard limits the particle number (PN) emissions in addition to the particulate matter (PM) emissions. New thermal engines equipped vehicles have to auto-diagnose their own Diesel particulate filter (DPF) using on-board diagnostic (OBD) sensors. Accumulative resistive soot sensors [...] Read more.

Since 2011, Euro 5b European standard limits the particle number (PN) emissions in addition to the particulate matter (PM) emissions. New thermal engines equipped vehicles have to auto-diagnose their own Diesel particulate filter (DPF) using on-board diagnostic (OBD) sensors. Accumulative resistive soot sensors seem to be good candidates for PM measurements. The aim of this study is to bring more comprehension about soot micro-structures construction in order to link the response of such a sensor to particle size and PN concentration. The sensor sensitivity to the particle size has been studied using successively an electrostatic and an aerodynamic classification, showing the same trend. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 862 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Fast Humidity Sensors for Harsh Environment

by Anton Buchberger, Anna Maria Coclite and Alexander Bergmann

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 988; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130988 - 6 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1602

Abstract

With the application of a recently developed deposition method called initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), remarkably fast responsive hydrogel thin films in the order of a few hundred nanometers were created. When in contact with humid air, the hydrogel layer extends its thickness [...] Read more.

With the application of a recently developed deposition method called initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), remarkably fast responsive hydrogel thin films in the order of a few hundred nanometers were created. When in contact with humid air, the hydrogel layer extends its thickness manifold, which can be detected. The verification of the thickness change was realized interferometrically with a laser and a white light input source in two different implementations. The setup was designed without electric components in the vicinity of the active sensor layer and is therefore applicable in harsh and explosive environment. The achieved response time for an abrupt change of the humidity τ₆₃ ≤ 2.5 s is about three times lower compared to one of the fastest commercially available sensors on the market. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 518 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Artificial Neural Networks for Automated Cell Quantification in Lensless LED Imaging Systems

by Agus Budi Dharmawan, Gregor Scholz, Shinta Mariana, Philipp Hörmann, Igi Ardiyanto, Sunu Wibirama, Jana Hartmann, Joan Daniel Prades, Karsten Hiller, Andreas Waag and Hutomo Suryo Wasisto

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 989; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130989 - 29 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1879

Abstract

Cell registration by artificial neural networks (ANNs) in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) has been demonstrated for cell images acquired by light emitting diode (LED)-based compact holographic microscopy. In this approach, principal component analysis was used to find the feature values from [...] Read more.

Cell registration by artificial neural networks (ANNs) in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) has been demonstrated for cell images acquired by light emitting diode (LED)-based compact holographic microscopy. In this approach, principal component analysis was used to find the feature values from cells and background, which would be subsequently employed as neural inputs into the artificial neural networks. Image datasets were acquired from multiple cell cultures using a lensless microscope, where the reference data was generated by a manually analyzed recording. To evaluate the developed automatic cell counter, the trained system was assessed on different data sets to detect immortalized mouse astrocytes, exhibiting a detection accuracy of ~81% compared with manual analysis. The results show that the feature values from principal component analysis and feature learning by artificial neural networks are able to provide an automatic approach on the cell detection and registration in lensless holographic imaging. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1340 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Printed 2D Proton Sensor for In-Situ Measurement in Glue Lines

by Matic Krivec, Thomas Stockinger, Johanna Zikulnig, Friedrich Eibenst and Uwe Müller

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 990; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130990 - 4 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1339

Abstract

A screen printed pH sensor was developed using a PANI layer as a proton sensitive material for the in-situ measurements of matrix cross-linking. The sensor showed a linear response in a broad pH range (3–10) and had an evident cross-talk to Cl⁻ [...] Read more.

A screen printed pH sensor was developed using a PANI layer as a proton sensitive material for the in-situ measurements of matrix cross-linking. The sensor showed a linear response in a broad pH range (3–10) and had an evident cross-talk to Cl⁻ ions. Preliminary in-situ measurements showed a substantial signal change during the cross-linking process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 407 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Analysis of Stochastic Time Response of Microfluidic Biosensors in the Case of Competitive Adsorption of Two Analytes

by Ivana Jokić, Zoran Djurić, Katarina Radulović and Miloš Frantlović

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 991; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130991 - 13 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1515

Abstract

A model of stochastic time response of adsorption-based microfluidic biosensors is presented, that considers the competitive adsorption-desorption process coupled with mass transfer of two analytes. By using the model we analyze the expected value of the adsorbed particles number of each analyte, which [...] Read more.

A model of stochastic time response of adsorption-based microfluidic biosensors is presented, that considers the competitive adsorption-desorption process coupled with mass transfer of two analytes. By using the model we analyze the expected value of the adsorbed particles number of each analyte, which determine the sensor response kinetics. The comparison with the case when only one analyte exists is used for investigation of the influence of competitive adsorption on the sensor response. The response kinetics analyzed by using the stochastic model is compared with the kinetics predicted by the deterministic response model. The results are useful for optimization of micro/nanosensors intended for detection of substances in ultra-low concentrations in complex samples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 572 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Flow Injection Analysis with Microdialysis Probes Enable Minimally Invasive and Dynamic H₂O₂ Measurements

by Maria Moßhammer, Klaus Koren and Michael Kühl

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 992; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130992 - 17 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1711

Abstract

This paper describes the optimization of a published flow injection analysis system coupled with microdialysis probes (MDP-FIA) for in-situ sampling and online measurements of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). By modifying the commonly used Na₂CO₃ buffer by addition [...] Read more.

This paper describes the optimization of a published flow injection analysis system coupled with microdialysis probes (MDP-FIA) for in-situ sampling and online measurements of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). By modifying the commonly used Na₂CO₃ buffer by addition of EDTA and a changed order in reagent injection, interfering transition metals such as Fe(II) and Fe(III) are complexed and removed from the system without interfering with the chemiluminescent reaction of the used acridinium ester and H₂O₂. The system was then used to monitor changes in H₂O₂ concentration upon microwaving seawater and filtered seawater in the presence and absence of agar. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 980 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Novel Modular eNose System Based on Commercial MOX Sensors to Detect Low Concentrations of VOCs for Breath Gas Analysis

by Carsten Jaeschke, Oriol Gonzalez, Johannes J. Glöckler, Leila T. Hagemann, Kaylen E. Richardson, Francesc Adrover, Marta Padilla, Jan Mitrovics and Boris Mizaikoff

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 993; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130993 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3224

Abstract

In this work, a new generation of eNose systems particularly suited for exhaled breath gas analysis is presented. The developed analyzer system comprises a compact modular, low volume, temperature controlled sensing chamber explicitly tested for the detection of acetone, isoprene, pentane and isopropanol. [...] Read more.

In this work, a new generation of eNose systems particularly suited for exhaled breath gas analysis is presented. The developed analyzer system comprises a compact modular, low volume, temperature controlled sensing chamber explicitly tested for the detection of acetone, isoprene, pentane and isopropanol. The eNose system sensing chamber consists of three compartments, each of which can contain 8 analog Metal Oxide (MOX) sensors or 10 digital MOX sensors. Additional sensors within the digital compartment allow for pressure, humidity and temperature measurements. The presented eNose system contains a sensor array with up to 30 physical sensors and provides the ability to discriminate between low VOC concentrations under dry and humid conditions. The MOX sensor signals were analyzed by pattern recognition methods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1021 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Solvent Resistant O₂ Sensor Integrated in Pressured Flow Reactors

by Philipp Sulzer, René Lebl and Torsten Mayr

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 994; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130994 - 16 Jan 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1587

Abstract

In this contribution we present an optical oxygen sensor that can easily be integrated into continuous flow reactors. The sensors are pressure resistant to up to 8 bars and are able to continuously measure oxygen for several hours in organic solvents. The dynamic [...] Read more.

In this contribution we present an optical oxygen sensor that can easily be integrated into continuous flow reactors. The sensors are pressure resistant to up to 8 bars and are able to continuously measure oxygen for several hours in organic solvents. The dynamic range was evaluated up to 42 mmol/L O₂ and several calibrations showed the sensors to perform linearly according to Stern-Volmer, which allows convenient two-point calibrations. By using state-of-the-art HPLC connectors and materials the sensor can be implemented at virtually every point of a standard flow reactor. Readout is conducted via a 4-channel USB phase fluorimeter. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 510 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Characterization of a Capacitive Sensor for Particulate Matter

by Paul Maierhofer, Marco Carminati, Giorgio Ferrari, Georg Röhrer, Marco Sampietro and Alexander Bergmann

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 995; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130995 - 17 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1513

Abstract

We characterize a novel micro-sensor with pairs of interdigitated combs of microelectrodes designed to detect particles in air. We evaluate the sensor’s response to 1 µm Polystyrene Latex (PSL) particles experimentally and crosscheck the results with simulations. Experiment and simulation show good consistency. [...] Read more.

We characterize a novel micro-sensor with pairs of interdigitated combs of microelectrodes designed to detect particles in air. We evaluate the sensor’s response to 1 µm Polystyrene Latex (PSL) particles experimentally and crosscheck the results with simulations. Experiment and simulation show good consistency. Based on the promising results we propose a redesign of the capacitive particle sensor with respect to PM2.5. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 362 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Array of MOX Nanowire Gas Sensors for Wastewater Management

by Marco Abbatangelo, Estefanía Núñez-Carmona, Veronica Sberveglieri, Elisabetta Comini and Giorgio Sberveglieri

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 996; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130996 - 17 Dec 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1388

Abstract

Water is a common fundamental resource for life. The effects of climate change, pollution and waste make it an increasingly scarce resource. Therefore, it becomes very important to monitor water quality to identify situations of possible harm to humans. In this study, incoming [...] Read more.

Water is a common fundamental resource for life. The effects of climate change, pollution and waste make it an increasingly scarce resource. Therefore, it becomes very important to monitor water quality to identify situations of possible harm to humans. In this study, incoming wastewater of the depuration plant of A2A Ciclo Idrico in Brescia has been analyzed with an array of MOX nanowire gas sensors. In addition, GC-MS technique has been used to relate sensors responses with the emitted VOCs of the samples. The ability of the system to recognize potable water from wastewater and chemically contaminated wastewater has been found. PCA and ANN methods have been employed in order to see how samples classes cluster and to assess the capability of the device to classify them properly, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 944 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Effect of Pt Nanoparticles on the Plasmonic and Chemoresistive Gas Sensing Properties of ZnO:Ga Film

by Michele Rigon, Valentina Paolucci, Marco Sturaro, Seyed Mahmoud Emamjomeh, Carlo Cantalini and Alessandro Martucci

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 997; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130997 - 30 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1481

Abstract

In this paper, we used gallium doped zinc oxide (GZO) nanocrystals as novel plasmonic and chemoresistive sensors for the detection of hazardous gases including hydrogen (H₂) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂). GZO nanocrystals with a tunable surface plasmon resonance in [...] Read more.

In this paper, we used gallium doped zinc oxide (GZO) nanocrystals as novel plasmonic and chemoresistive sensors for the detection of hazardous gases including hydrogen (H₂) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂). GZO nanocrystals with a tunable surface plasmon resonance in the near infrared are obtained using a colloidal heat-up synthesis. Thanks to the strong sensitivity of the plasmon resonances to chemical and electrical changes occurring at the surface of the nanocrystals, such optical features can be used to detect the presence of toxic gases. The same material can be used also as chemoresistive sensors. The effect of Pt nanoparticles (NPs), a well-known catalyst for H2 splitting, have been studied both for the optical and chemoresistive gas response. Both thermal and blue-light (λ = 430 nm) activation were investigated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 439 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Precise Gas Dilutor Based on Binary Weighted Critical Flows to Create NO₂ Concentrations

by Philipp Breitegger and Alexander Bergmann

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 998; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130998 - 7 Dec 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1564

Abstract

A gas diluter based on critical orifices was built and evaluated. The gas diluter is capable of creating dilution ratios of 1:1400 at a total flow of 6.5 L/min. An extended uncertainty analysis of gas concentrations and dilution ratios according to the Guide [...] Read more.

A gas diluter based on critical orifices was built and evaluated. The gas diluter is capable of creating dilution ratios of 1:1400 at a total flow of 6.5 L/min. An extended uncertainty analysis of gas concentrations and dilution ratios according to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement was conducted. A gas cylinder of 5.16 ppm NO₂ with a relative uncertainty of 1.5% (k = 1) can be diluted down to a concentration of 3.69 ppb NO₂ (dilution ratio of 1:1400) at an uncertainty of 1.9% (k = 1). The results are in good agreement with reference NO₂ measurements, conducted with a chemiluminescence detector (CLD, European reference method EN14211; 2005). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 512 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

UV-Assisted Gate Bias Cycling in Gas-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistors

by Manuel Bastuck, Donatella Puglisi, Anita Lloyd Spetz, Andreas Schütze, Tilman Sauerwald and Mike Andersson

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 999; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130999 - 17 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1511

Abstract

Static and dynamic responses of a silicon carbide field-effect transistor gas sensor have been investigated at two different gate biases in several test gases. Especially the dynamic effects are gas dependent and can be used for gas identification. The addition of ultraviolet light [...] Read more.

Static and dynamic responses of a silicon carbide field-effect transistor gas sensor have been investigated at two different gate biases in several test gases. Especially the dynamic effects are gas dependent and can be used for gas identification. The addition of ultraviolet light reduces internal electrical relaxation effects, but also introduces new, temperature-dependent effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 409 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Novel Design of Additively Manufactured Micromixer in a Microchannel Comprising Mounting and Sealing Elements

by Martin Oellers, Frank Bunge, Frieder Lucklum, Sander van den Driesche and Michael J. Vellekoop

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1000; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131000 - 17 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1503

Abstract

An additively manufactured three-dimensional mixing element (3DME) integrated in a microchannel is presented. The 3DME increases the interfacial contact-surface by swapping the positions of the incoming streaming liquids. The novel design incorporates important design alterations to a prior prototype. These alterations significantly improve [...] Read more.

An additively manufactured three-dimensional mixing element (3DME) integrated in a microchannel is presented. The 3DME increases the interfacial contact-surface by swapping the positions of the incoming streaming liquids. The novel design incorporates important design alterations to a prior prototype. These alterations significantly improve the integration of microelements written by two-photon polymerization (2pp) into photolithographically defined microchannels. Anchor-structures for increased strength as well as a roof to compensate for height-discrepancies between the lithographically defined microchannel and the 2pp-written 3DME are addressed. These allow for a better positioning as well as an increased sealing reliability between the top of the 3DME and a PDMS-lid which in our case is used to close the microchannel. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 566 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Ultra-Thin Integrated ALD Al₂O₃ Electron-Transparent Windows for TEM Nanoreactor Applications

by Levar Goossen, Jia Wei, Gregory Pandraud, Violeta Prodanovic and Pasqualina M. Sarro

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1001; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131001 - 6 Dec 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1825

Abstract

This paper presents for the first time, the integration of ultra-thin (<10 nm) atomic layer deposition (ALD) aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) membranes as electron transparent windows (ETWs) for transmission electron microscope (TEM) nanoreactor applications. The process was successfully implemented and [...] Read more.

This paper presents for the first time, the integration of ultra-thin (<10 nm) atomic layer deposition (ALD) aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) membranes as electron transparent windows (ETWs) for transmission electron microscope (TEM) nanoreactor applications. The process was successfully implemented and tested in a TEM. ETWs with thicknesses down to 5 and 10 nm were used to image nanoparticles (NPs) in a 120 keV TEM and 200 keV TEM respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 809 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Non-Invasive Heart Beat Measurement Using Microwave Resonators

by Felix Essingholt, Frederic Meyer, Peter Kuhn, Philip Schmidt, Thorsten Benkner and Anton Grabmaier

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1002; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131002 - 4 Dec 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1867

Abstract

In this paper we present the first results of our research regarding microwave biosensors for non-invasive permittivity monitoring of the human body. To detect permittivity changes, resonators are used, which alter their resonance frequency and their quality factor depending on the permittivity of [...] Read more.

In this paper we present the first results of our research regarding microwave biosensors for non-invasive permittivity monitoring of the human body. To detect permittivity changes, resonators are used, which alter their resonance frequency and their quality factor depending on the permittivity of the material they are placed upon. These permittivity changes may be used as indicators for the heart rate, blood pressure or glucose level. As a proof of concept, this paper focusses on designing resonators to detect the heart beat of humans in the Radial Artery, which is located in the forearm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 558 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Rapid Non-Destructive Prediction of Water Activity in Dry-Cured Meat

by Alex Mason, Magomed Muradov, Badr Abdullah, Ahmed Al-Shamma’a and Ole Alvseike

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1003; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131003 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1554

Abstract

Water activity (a_w) describes the amount of free water available in a matrix for growth of microbiological pathogens and spoilage flora. It is used to predict the safety of food products, and has particular importance for dry-cured meat manufacturers. Results from [...] Read more.

Water activity (a_w) describes the amount of free water available in a matrix for growth of microbiological pathogens and spoilage flora. It is used to predict the safety of food products, and has particular importance for dry-cured meat manufacturers. Results from tests on dry-cured pork (n = 83) demonstrate a high degree of correlation (R² = 0.909) with current industry standard equipment. System accuracy at the 95% confidence interval (0.0125) is comparable with existing equipment available to industry. However, the added advantage of the microwave sensor to enable rapid and non-destructive measurement means that it could be used for day-to-day monitoring and optimization of products within the dry-cured meat value chain. This would reduce per-product operating costs and waste, in addition to facilitating recipe development (e.g., reduced salt). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 232 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Zinc Oxide Nanorods Wrapped with Ion-Imprinted Polypyrrole Polymer for Picomolar Selective and Electrochemical Detection of Mercury II Ions

by Zouhair Ait-Touchente, Houssem Eddine El Yamine Sakhraoui, Najla Fourati, Chouki Zerrouki, Naima Maouche, Rachid Touzani, Nourdin Yaakoubi and Mohamed M. Chehimi

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1004; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131004 - 5 Dec 2018

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1795

Abstract

This study concerns the design of an ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) for the selective detection of mercury II ions. Compared to other electrochemical studies, the originality of this work lies to the fact that the IIP was electropolymerized on ZnO nanorods, which were themselves [...] Read more.

This study concerns the design of an ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) for the selective detection of mercury II ions. Compared to other electrochemical studies, the originality of this work lies to the fact that the IIP was electropolymerized on ZnO nanorods, which were themselves grown on gold/diazonium modified substrates. This strategy of diazonium salt and ZnO nanorods permits to increase considerably the specific surface and thus to improve the sensor’s performances. The limit of detection (LOD) of the designed sensor was of order of 1 pM, the lowest value ever reported in literature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1624 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design and Testing of a Sensing System for Aero-Engine Smart Bearings

by Imran Bashir, Bahareh Zaghari, Terry J. Harvey, Alex S. Weddell, Neil M. White and Ling Wang

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1005; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131005 - 15 Jan 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1937

Abstract

Smart bearings incorporating self-powered sensors and wireless data communications with intelligence in monitoring bearing conditions can help to detect early faults in aero-engine bearings. This paper presents the challenges in design and development of a sensing system with compact and low-power consumption sensors [...] Read more.

Smart bearings incorporating self-powered sensors and wireless data communications with intelligence in monitoring bearing conditions can help to detect early faults in aero-engine bearings. This paper presents the challenges in design and development of a sensing system with compact and low-power consumption sensors and the procedures for sensor performance evaluation under the requirements of aerospace standard. Industrial standard DO160 testing is necessary for preliminary testing of the smart sensing system prior to being installed in aero-engine, thus a laboratory test procedure has been developed for sensor performance evaluation for the smart aero-engine bearings in this project. As a case study, this paper presents the details and results of the accelerometer evaluation following the requirements in DO160. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 829 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Sensor Platform for Smart Hydrogels in Biomedical Applications

by Julia Körner, Christopher Friedrich Reiche, Hsuan-Yu Leu, Navid Farhoudi, Jules Magda and Florian Solzbacher

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1006; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131006 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1332

Abstract

Smart hydrogels are inherently biocompatible hydrophilic three-dimensional polymer networks able to undergo a volume-phase transition in the presence of an analyte. By molecular imprinting and/or aptamer-based approaches they can be tailored for a wide range of analytes with high selectivity. In combination with [...] Read more.

Smart hydrogels are inherently biocompatible hydrophilic three-dimensional polymer networks able to undergo a volume-phase transition in the presence of an analyte. By molecular imprinting and/or aptamer-based approaches they can be tailored for a wide range of analytes with high selectivity. In combination with the biocompatibility, this makes hydrogels very promising candidates for biomedical sensor applications. However, to date hydrogels are rarely used for that purpose as the reliable detection of their swelling state remains a challenge. Here we report on a newly developed biocompatible bending sensor platform which can be equipped with almost any smart hydrogel, thereby paving the way for biomedical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 566 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Barium Strontium Titanate Humidity Sensor: Impact of Doping on the Structural and Electrical Properties

by Hamid Farahani, Rahman Wagiran, Olena Yurchenko and Gerald A. Urban

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1007; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131007 - 13 Dec 2018

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2167

Abstract

The influence of Mg²⁺ doping (3 mol %) on structural and humidity sensing properties of (Ba_0.5,Sr_0.5)TiO₃ (BST) perovskite nanocomposite were studied in details. Microstructural properties revealed the particle size, surface area, and average pore volume diminished for [...] Read more.

The influence of Mg²⁺ doping (3 mol %) on structural and humidity sensing properties of (Ba_0.5,Sr_0.5)TiO₃ (BST) perovskite nanocomposite were studied in details. Microstructural properties revealed the particle size, surface area, and average pore volume diminished for doped sample. For the MgO doped BST sensor, the film resistance and total impedance are changed more than four orders of magnitude in the 20–95% RH range, while BST sensor shows three orders change. The 3 mol % MgO doped sample with maximum hysteresis of 6.1 RH% and response/recovery time of about 30/80 s exhibits faster characteristics compare to pure BST sample with 6.8 RH% hysteresis and response/recovery of 41 s and 98 s, respectively. Transduction mechanism was found based on the proton transfer and further confirmed by a Bode plot and Nyquist complex impedance plane plot. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 435 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Development of Graphene Based Inks for Deposition via Inkjet Printing for Sensing Application

by Caterina Travan, Martin Mischitz, Alexander Zöpfl, Ulrich Krumbein and Prashant Makaram

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1008; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131008 - 17 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1358

Abstract

In this work we investigate and optimize graphene based inks to achieve a stable and well-controllable jetting behavior using a DoD (Drop on Demand) inject printer which has all the required characteristics of a tool for mass production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 984 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Extraction of Fetal Heart Rate from Maternal ECG—Non Invasive Approach for Continuous Monitoring during Labor

by Tashreque Mohammed Haq, Safkat Arefin, Shamiur Rahman and Tanzilur Rahman

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1009; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131009 - 19 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1867

Abstract

Here, we propose a signal processing based approach for the extraction of the fetal heart rate (FHR) from Maternal Abdominal ECG (MAECG) in a non-invasive way. Datasets from a Physionet database has been used in this study for evaluating the performance of the [...] Read more.

Here, we propose a signal processing based approach for the extraction of the fetal heart rate (FHR) from Maternal Abdominal ECG (MAECG) in a non-invasive way. Datasets from a Physionet database has been used in this study for evaluating the performance of the proposed model that performs three major tasks; preprocessing of the MAECG signal, separation of Fetal QRS complexes from that of maternal and estimation of Fetal R peak positions. The MAECG signal is first preprocessed with improved multistep filtering techniques to detect the Maternal QRS (MQRS) complexes, which are dominant in the MAECG. A reference template is then reconstructed based on MQRS locations and removed from the preprocessed signal resulting in the raw FECG. This extracted FECG is further corrected and enhanced before obtaining the Fetal R peaks. The detection of FQRS and calculation of FHR has been compared against the reference Fetal Scalp ECG. Results indicate that the approach achieved good accuracy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 560 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Quantitative Analysis of Glucose from Enhanced NIR Spectra through Linear Regression Model Coupled with Optimized Bandpass Filtering

by Mahbubur Rahman Mishal, Tanvir Tazul Islam, Shahadat Hossain Antor and Tanzilur Rahman

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1010; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131010 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2019

Abstract

This study proposes a new preprocessing technique that combines Chebyshev filtering with baseline correction technique Asymmetric Least Squares (ALS) and Savitzky-Golay transformation (SGT) to improve the prediction of Glucose from near Infrared (NIR) spectra through linear regression models Partial Least Squares (PLS) and [...] Read more.

This study proposes a new preprocessing technique that combines Chebyshev filtering with baseline correction technique Asymmetric Least Squares (ALS) and Savitzky-Golay transformation (SGT) to improve the prediction of Glucose from near Infrared (NIR) spectra through linear regression models Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Principal Component Regression (PCR). To investigate the performance of the proposed technique, a calibration model was first developed and then validated through prediction of Glucose from NIR spectra of a mixture of glucose, urea, and triacetin in a phosphate buffer solution where the component concentrations are within their physiological range in blood. Results indicate that the proposed technique improves the performance of both PLS and PCR and achieves standard error of prediction (SEP) as low as 12.76 mg/dL which is in the clinically acceptable level and comparable to the existing literature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1403 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Hybrid Micro Electro Mechanical Sensor Based on Graphene Oxide/Polyvinyl Alcohol for Humidity Measurements

by Carlo Trigona, Ammar Al-Hamry, Olfa Kanoun and Salvatore Baglio

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1011; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131011 - 19 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1191

Abstract

In this paper, we present a redundant micromachined sensor based on Bulk and Etch. Silicon-on-Insulator (BESOI) process for measurements of relative humidity (RH) by using Graphene-Oxide/Polyvinyl-Alcohol (GO/PVA) composite. The microsensor is a mechanical oscillator composed of a proof mass with multilayer of nanomaterials [...] Read more.

In this paper, we present a redundant micromachined sensor based on Bulk and Etch. Silicon-on-Insulator (BESOI) process for measurements of relative humidity (RH) by using Graphene-Oxide/Polyvinyl-Alcohol (GO/PVA) composite. The microsensor is a mechanical oscillator composed of a proof mass with multilayer of nanomaterials (GO/PVA) and suspended by four crab leg springs. The realized redundant approach concerns the possibility to use different readout strategies in order to estimate the same measurand: RH. This is an intriguing solution to realize a “robust measurement system”, with multiple outputs by using the GO/PVA as functional material. In presence of RH variation: (1) it changes its mass and; as consequence; a variation of the natural frequency of the oscillator can be observed in the frequency domain; (2) it also varies the conductivity which can be measured by using two integrated electrodes. The sensor has been designed; studied; modeled and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our implementation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1150 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Novel Device for Functional Evaluation of Gas Sensing Layers

by Guenther A. Maier, Martin Krobath, Clemens Kremsner and Anton Köck

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1012; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131012 - 3 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1131

Abstract

Chemical gas sensors are operated at elevated temperatures and the actual temperature has a tremendous influence on sensitivity and selectivity. From that perspective, precise temperature control over the chip is an absolute requirement. Next to a stable heating system, a controlled gas flow [...] Read more.

Chemical gas sensors are operated at elevated temperatures and the actual temperature has a tremendous influence on sensitivity and selectivity. From that perspective, precise temperature control over the chip is an absolute requirement. Next to a stable heating system, a controlled gas flow in the test box is required. The test gases should not cool down the sensor surface too much and not be heated up by the heater. To make the material integration easy and reduce the costs for sensor platforms, often rather large sensor devices are fabricated. We demonstrate that a combined approach of thermal analysis and computational fluid dynamics enables the co-design of gas flow path and heater to archive precise temperature conditions at the sensor material and in the surrounding test gas atmosphere. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 862 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Noise Characterization of Vortex-State GMR Sensors with Different Free Layer Thicknesses

by Herbert Weitensfelder, Hubert Brueckl, Armin Satz and Dieter Suess

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1013; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131013 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1847

Abstract

The spin valve principle is the most prominent sensor design among giant- (GMR) and tunneling (TMR) magnetoresistive sensors. A new sensor concept with a disk shaped free layer enables the formation of a flux-closed vortex magnetization state if a certain relation of thickness [...] Read more.

The spin valve principle is the most prominent sensor design among giant- (GMR) and tunneling (TMR) magnetoresistive sensors. A new sensor concept with a disk shaped free layer enables the formation of a flux-closed vortex magnetization state if a certain relation of thickness to diameter is given. The low frequency noise of current-in-plane GMR sensing elements with different free layer thicknesses at different external field strengths has been measured. The measurements of the 1/f noise in external fields enabled a separation of magnetic and electric noise contributions. It has been shown that while the sensitivity is increasing with a decreasing element thickness, the pink noise contribution is increasing too. Still the detection limit at low frequencies is better in thinner free layer elements due to the higher sensitivity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 678 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

On-Glass Optoelectronic Platform for On-Chip Detection of DNA

by Domenico Caputo, Francesca Costantini, Nicola Lovecchio, Marco Nardecchia, Augusto Nascetti and Giampiero de Cesare

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1014; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131014 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1007

Abstract

Lab-on-chip are analytical systems which, compared to traditional methods, offer significant reduction of sample, reagent, energy consumption and waste production. Within this framework, we report on the development and testing of an optoelectronic platform suitable for the on-chip detection of fluorescent molecules. The [...] Read more.

Lab-on-chip are analytical systems which, compared to traditional methods, offer significant reduction of sample, reagent, energy consumption and waste production. Within this framework, we report on the development and testing of an optoelectronic platform suitable for the on-chip detection of fluorescent molecules. The platform combines on a single glass substrate hydrogenated amorphous silicon photosensors and a long pass interferential filter. The design of the optoelectronic components has been carried out taking into account the spectral properties of the selected fluorescent molecule. We have chosen the [Ru(phen)₂(dppz)]²⁺ which exhibits a high fluorescence when it is complexed with nucleic acids in double helix. The on-glass optoelectronic platform, coupled with a microfluidic network, has been tested in detection of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) reaching a detection limit as low as 10 ng/µL. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 853 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Multiparametric Porcine Oocyte Deformation Characterization by Novel MEMS-Type Cytometer

by Aleksandra Pokrzywnicka, Danylo Lizanets, Patrycja Śniadek, Natalia Małyszka and Rafał Walczak

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1015; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131015 - 29 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1317

Abstract

In this work for the first time MEMS-type deformation microcytometer and a new methodology for the determination of cell deformability is proposed. Novel chip design and methodology allow real-time observation of the cell deformation occurring during compression of oocytes. In addition, software-based analysis [...] Read more.

In this work for the first time MEMS-type deformation microcytometer and a new methodology for the determination of cell deformability is proposed. Novel chip design and methodology allow real-time observation of the cell deformation occurring during compression of oocytes. In addition, software-based analysis of microscopic images allows multiparametric characterization of the investigated cell toward quality assessment of the cell. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 615 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Modification of Glial Attachment by Surface Nanostructuring of SU-8 Thin Films

by Anita Pongrácz, Szabolcs Barna, István Lukács, Levente Illés, Hanna Liliom, Panna Lajer, Bence Csernyus, Ágnes Szabó, Zsófia Bérces, Zoltán Fekete, Péter Lőw and Katalin Schlett

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1016; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131016 - 19 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1542

Abstract

Various methods are currently under development to enhance the biocompatibility of neural electrodes and to minimize the reactive gliosis around the implant surface. As cells in their native microenvironment interact with 3D nanoscale topographies of the extracellular matrix, physical modification of implant surfaces [...] Read more.

Various methods are currently under development to enhance the biocompatibility of neural electrodes and to minimize the reactive gliosis around the implant surface. As cells in their native microenvironment interact with 3D nanoscale topographies of the extracellular matrix, physical modification of implant surfaces may provide an alternative solution to the negative tissue response by imitating the structure of the extracellular matrix, and therefore affecting the attachment and behavior of neurons and glial cells. The attachment of primary mouse astrocytes on nanostructured SU8 polymer surfaces fabricated by e-beam lithography was investigated in our study. We found that attachment of primary mouse astrocytes on silicon-SU8 surfaces is strongly influenced by the surface topography. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 463 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

First Steps towards a Super-Compact In-Situ Laser-Induced-Incandescence Sensor System

by Martin Kupper, Jožef Pulko, Martin Kraft and Alexander Bergmann

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1017; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131017 - 2 Apr 2019

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1319

Abstract

To realize an actual in-situ Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII) sensor system for measurements in an exhaust pipe of a combustion engine, suitable components for such an application were chosen, integrated in a first prototype and tested. Key components for the proposed LII system are [...] Read more.

To realize an actual in-situ Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII) sensor system for measurements in an exhaust pipe of a combustion engine, suitable components for such an application were chosen, integrated in a first prototype and tested. Key components for the proposed LII system are a super-compact high-power DPSS laser (CTR HiPoLas^®) as excitation source, fast KETEK silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) as detectors and a specially designed optical measurement setup. Using a defined aerosol from a soot generator (Jing 5201 miniCAST), signals were collected at different laser energies and soot concentrations. By comparing the recorded behaviour with the literature, the incandescence effect could be reliably identified as the true source of the signal. Further long-term tests at an AVL engine testbed were performed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 900 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Silicon-Quartz Microcapillary Opto-Fluidic Platform Obtained by CMOS-Compatible Die to Wafer 200 mm Dual Bonding Process

by Giuseppe Fiorentino, Ben Jones, Sophie Roth, Edith Grac, Murali Jayapala, Pieter Bex, Daniel D. De Almeida, Aurelie Humbert and Simone Severi

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1018; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131018 - 13 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1631

Abstract

A composite, capillary-driven microfluidic system suitable for transmitted light microscopy of cells (e.g., red and white human blood cells) is fabricated and demonstrated. The microfluidic system consists of a microchannels network fabricated in a photo-patternable adhesive polymer on a quartz substrate, which, by [...] Read more.

A composite, capillary-driven microfluidic system suitable for transmitted light microscopy of cells (e.g., red and white human blood cells) is fabricated and demonstrated. The microfluidic system consists of a microchannels network fabricated in a photo-patternable adhesive polymer on a quartz substrate, which, by means of adhesive bonding, is then connected to a silicon microfluidic die (for processing of the biological sample) and quartz die (to form the imaging chamber). The entire bonding process makes use of a very low temperature budget (200 °C). In this demonstrator, the silicon die consists of microfluidic channels with transition structures to allow conveyance of fluid utilizing capillary forces from the polymer channels to the silicon channels and back to the polymer channels. Compared to existing devices, this fully integrated platform combines on the same substrate silicon microfluidic capabilities with optical system analysis, representing a portable and versatile lab-on-chip device. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 687 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Magnetic Beads Actuating and Sensing by Light Addressability

by Yu-Ping Chen, Hsin-Yin Peng, Jia-Long Hong, Min-Hsien Wu and Chia-Ming Yang

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1019; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131019 - 13 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1115

Abstract

Micro particles and nanoparticles applied in microfluidics became a popular direction to improve biochip performance. Magnetic beads are the well-studied carriers including manipulation and surface modification, which could be easily to apply in biosensor development. A new methodology combined the actuators and sensor [...] Read more.

Micro particles and nanoparticles applied in microfluidics became a popular direction to improve biochip performance. Magnetic beads are the well-studied carriers including manipulation and surface modification, which could be easily to apply in biosensor development. A new methodology combined the actuators and sensor in the same chip all trigged by illumination is proposed in this study. A microfluidic chip with a-Si:H layer and ITO/glass with proper operation could be used to collect magnetic beads firstly and then following the optoelectrical measurement. In the meantime, 2D images for clusters of magnetic beads can be easily achieved with the addressable illumination. This proposed platform could own the high potential for a sensor array with better sensing performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 899 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Multi-Well Thin-Si LAPS and All-in-One Readout System for Ion Activity Monitor of Epithelium Cells

by Yu-Jing Lin, Po-Yen Lin, Yu-Ping Chen, Hui-Ling Liu, Tsung-Ru Wu, Hsin-Chih Lai, Wei-Chun Chin, Chih-Hong Lo, Tsann-Long Hwang, Chia-Ming Yang and Chao-Sung Lai

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1020; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131020 - 19 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1447

Abstract

To measure the ion activities of cells, an easy-access and fully-integrated system is necessary in culture room with high cleanness and easy maintenance. A new sensor structure integrated with readout system based on light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) to quantitatively monitor real-time cell activity [...] Read more.

To measure the ion activities of cells, an easy-access and fully-integrated system is necessary in culture room with high cleanness and easy maintenance. A new sensor structure integrated with readout system based on light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) to quantitatively monitor real-time cell activity with the advantages of label free and 2D image ability is proposed. The difference of cell number and acidification could be easily observed by 2D images by means of this proposed methodology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 963 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

C3A Epithelium Cells Directly Cultured on High-Dielectric Constant Material for Light-Addressable Potentiometric Sensor

by Po-Yen Lin, Yu-Jing Lin, Yu-Ping Chen, Hui-Ling Liu, Tsung-Ru Wu, Hsin-Chih Lai, Wei-Chun Chin, Chih-Hong Lo, Tsann-Long Hwang, Chia-Ming Yang and Chao-Sung Lai

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1021; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131021 - 16 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1253

Abstract

To investigate the ion activities of cells based on light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) platform, various high-dielectric constant sensing membrane were investigated the visibility and potential issue. Three different kinds of well-proven materials in semiconductor industry, such as Si₃N₄, NbOx, [...] Read more.

To investigate the ion activities of cells based on light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) platform, various high-dielectric constant sensing membrane were investigated the visibility and potential issue. Three different kinds of well-proven materials in semiconductor industry, such as Si₃N₄, NbOx, and TiN, are the promising sensing membranes to directly culture C3A cells. TiN and NbOx could be the potential candidate. The photocurrent and flatband voltage difference generated by acidification reaction is verified to observe by LAPS is the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 514 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Multi-Sensors Integration in a Human Gut-On-Chip Platform

by Lucia Giampetruzzi, Amilcare Barca, Flavio Casino, Simonetta Capone, Tiziano Verri, Pietro Siciliano and Luca Francioso

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1022; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131022 - 13 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1761

Abstract

In the conventional culture systems in vitro, the challenging organoid approach have recently been overcome by the development of microfluidic Organ Chip models of human intestine. The potential future applications of Intestine-on-Chips in disease modelling, drug development and personalized medicine are leading research [...] Read more.

In the conventional culture systems in vitro, the challenging organoid approach have recently been overcome by the development of microfluidic Organ Chip models of human intestine. The potential future applications of Intestine-on-Chips in disease modelling, drug development and personalized medicine are leading research to identify and investigate limitations of modern chip-based systems and to focus the attention on the gut epithelium and its specific barrier function playing a significant role in many human disorders and diseases. In this paper, we propose and discuss the importance to implement a multi-parameter analysis on an engineered platform for developing an Epithelial Gut On Chip model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 762 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Monolithically Integrated, CMOS-Compatible SiN Photonics for Sensing Applications

by Martin Sagmeister, Günther Koppitsch, Paul Muellner, Stefan Nevlacsil, Alejandro MaeseNovo, Rainer Hainberger, Dana Seyringer and Jochen Kraft

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1023; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131023 - 19 Nov 2018

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2698

Abstract

As a leading provider of sensing solutions ams AG is developing semiconductor sensors in a wide variety of fields. One of the key competences of ams AG lies in optical sensing. To widen the company’s portfolio in this field we have been developing [...] Read more.

As a leading provider of sensing solutions ams AG is developing semiconductor sensors in a wide variety of fields. One of the key competences of ams AG lies in optical sensing. To widen the company’s portfolio in this field we have been developing processes for fully integrated CMOS compatible photonic components based on Si₃N₄ in the last few years. This contribution will give an overview of the Si₃N₄ process as a post-processing flow for standard CMOS, some basic photonic building blocks and their properties, and an example for their use in the field of medical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 932 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Reliable Compact Models for the Investigation of Acoustic High-Frequency Effects in MEMS Transducers

by Gabriele Bosetti, Johannes Manz, Ulrich Krumbein and Gabriele Schrag

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1024; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131024 - 13 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2008

Abstract

We present a fully coupled multi-energy domain compact model of a MEMS microphone dedicated to the investigation of acoustic high-frequency effects affecting the device behavior. To this end, the components of the acoustic domain are described using physics-derived analytical expressions. Finite element simulations [...] Read more.

We present a fully coupled multi-energy domain compact model of a MEMS microphone dedicated to the investigation of acoustic high-frequency effects affecting the device behavior. To this end, the components of the acoustic domain are described using physics-derived analytical expressions. Finite element simulations are employed to confirm the validity of the acoustic submodel. The differential equations governing the small-signal dynamics of the electrically actuated transducer are solved in the frequency domain with MATLAB. The full-system model is calibrated and validated with experimental data. Measurements and simulations show very good agreement, which highlights the reliability of the presented modeling approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 475 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Influence of Carbon Quantum Dots on the Electrical Performance of Triboelectric Generators

by Vasiliki Prifti, Antigoni Siaraka, Aikaterini Giannouli, Apostolos Segkos, Achilleas Bardakas, Nikolaos Bouropoulos and Christos Tsamis

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1025; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131025 - 13 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1460

Abstract

In this work we investigate the triboelectric properties of Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) films for potential application in triboelectric generators. CQDs were deposited on silicon wafers, using spin on techniques. Device performance was estimated in sliding mode experiments, where the CQDs-surface was sliding [...] Read more.

In this work we investigate the triboelectric properties of Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) films for potential application in triboelectric generators. CQDs were deposited on silicon wafers, using spin on techniques. Device performance was estimated in sliding mode experiments, where the CQDs-surface was sliding on top of a flexible substrate. The triboelectric signal as well as the charging of capacitors, after signal rectification, was monitored as a function of time. Our results indicate that surface roughness plays a very important role in the triboelectric signal and could compensate opposite trends due to other parameters, such as the dielectric film thickness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 660 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design of a Photonic Crystal Defect Waveguide Biosensor Operating in Aqueous Solutions at 1.34 µm

by Markus Wellenzohn, Eva Melnik, Paul Muellner, Liam O’Faolain and Rainer Hainberger

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1026; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131026 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1608

Abstract

A two-dimensional photonic crystal defect waveguide sensor based on CMOS-compatible silicon-on-insulator technology was designed for operation in aqueous solutions at a wavelength of 1.34 µm, by the use of the 3D Plane Wave Expansion and the Finite Difference Time Domain simulation method. An [...] Read more.

A two-dimensional photonic crystal defect waveguide sensor based on CMOS-compatible silicon-on-insulator technology was designed for operation in aqueous solutions at a wavelength of 1.34 µm, by the use of the 3D Plane Wave Expansion and the Finite Difference Time Domain simulation method. An operation under water in this wavelength regime allows for a significantly smaller propagation loss in contrast to the state-of-the-art operation wavelength of photonic crystals at 1.55 µm. The sensor working principle is label-free and based on evanescent wave sensing exploiting the local refractive index change induced by the specific binding of target molecules to a capture molecules immobilized on the surface of the phontonic crystal structure. We experimentally proved the theoretical predications of our simulations and demonstrated the sensing functionality of the photonic crystal defect waveguide using the biotin-straptavidin binding system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 692 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

100 nm-Gap Fingers Dielectrophoresis Functionalized MOX Gas Sensor Array for Low Temperature VOCs Detection

by Luca Francioso, Pasquale Creti, Maria Concetta Martucci, Simonetta Capone, Antonietta Taurino, Pietro Siciliano and Chiara De Pascali

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1027; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131027 - 13 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1592

Abstract

Present work reports the fabrication process and functional gas sensing tests of a 100 nm-gap fingers DiElectroPhoresis (DEP) functionalized MOX (Metal OXide) gas sensor array for VOCs detection at low temperature. The Internet of Things (IoT) scenario applications of the chemical sensing-enabled mobiles [...] Read more.

Present work reports the fabrication process and functional gas sensing tests of a 100 nm-gap fingers DiElectroPhoresis (DEP) functionalized MOX (Metal OXide) gas sensor array for VOCs detection at low temperature. The Internet of Things (IoT) scenario applications of the chemical sensing-enabled mobiles or connected devices are many ranging from indoor air quality to novel breath analyser for personal healthcare monitoring. However, the commercial MOX gas sensors operate at moderate temperatures (200–400 °C) [1], and this limits the mobile and wearable gadgets market penetration. Nanogap devices may represent the alternative devices with enhanced sensitivity even at low or room temperature. A nanogap electrodes MOX gas sensor array functionalized with 5 nm average size SnO₂ nanocrystals with positive dielectrophoresis technique is presented. The single sensor active area is 4 × 4 µm². The devices exhibited about 1 order of magnitude response at 100 °C to 150 ppm of acetone. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 800 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Frequency Modulated Magnetometer Using a Double-Ended Tuning Fork Resonator

by Eurico Esteves Moreira, João Gaspar and Luis Alexandre Rocha

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1028; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131028 - 9 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1302

Abstract

A Lorentz force MEMS magnetometer based on a double-ended tuning fork (DETF) for out-of-plane sensing is presented here. A novel configuration using a hexagonal-shaped Lorentz force transducer is used, which simplifies the sensor configuration and improves its sensitivity. Frequency modulated devices were fabricated [...] Read more.

A Lorentz force MEMS magnetometer based on a double-ended tuning fork (DETF) for out-of-plane sensing is presented here. A novel configuration using a hexagonal-shaped Lorentz force transducer is used, which simplifies the sensor configuration and improves its sensitivity. Frequency modulated devices were fabricated in an in-house process on silicon on insulator wafers (SOI) and then tested in vacuum. The final devices have a differential configuration and experimental characterization shows a sensitivity of 4.59 Hz/mT for a total input current (on the Lorentz bar) of 1.5 mA. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1088 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Low-Pressure Small MEMS Accelerometer Using Sigma-Delta Modulation

by Vasco Lima, Jorge Cabral, Burkhard Kuhlmann and Luis Alexandre Rocha

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1029; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131029 - 13 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1501

Abstract

Encapsulation of MEMS accelerometers in vacuum is advantageous, since it allows integration with other sensors, leading to size and cost reduction. One technique to operate MEMS accelerometers in vacuum is the use of closed-loop Sigma-Delta modulation, which has many advantages. In this paper, [...] Read more.

Encapsulation of MEMS accelerometers in vacuum is advantageous, since it allows integration with other sensors, leading to size and cost reduction. One technique to operate MEMS accelerometers in vacuum is the use of closed-loop Sigma-Delta modulation, which has many advantages. In this paper, the design of a vacuum encapsulated small size MEMS accelerometer (0.2 mm²) and the preliminary measured results are presented. Experimental devices were fabricated and operated in 2nd and 3rd order Sigma-Delta modulators, achieving a noise figure of 389 µg/√Hz for a bandwidth of 200 Hz and a measurement range of at least ±1 g. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1061 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Resonant Accelerometer based on Double-Ended Tuning Fork and a Force Amplification Mechanism

by Eurico Esteves Moreira, Burkhard Kuhlmann, João Gaspar and Luis Alexandre Rocha

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1030; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131030 - 13 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1395

Abstract

Resonant accelerometers are an alternative to amplitude modulated devices due to their higher integration capabilities, since they are encapsulated in vacuum and are stable at low pressures. Vacuum is required for some sensors (i.e., gyroscopes) but amplitude modulated accelerometers tend to be unstable [...] Read more.

Resonant accelerometers are an alternative to amplitude modulated devices due to their higher integration capabilities, since they are encapsulated in vacuum and are stable at low pressures. Vacuum is required for some sensors (i.e., gyroscopes) but amplitude modulated accelerometers tend to be unstable under such conditions and therefore cannot be integrated in the same package. Herewith, a device composed by double-ended tuning fork resonators (DETF) and a force amplification mechanism for sensitivity enhancement is presented. Characterization of the fabricated devices was performed, and the design was successfully validated. A sensitivity close to 80 Hz/g was experimentally measured and the DETF characterization for different driving (AC) and bias voltages (DC) is also presented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 539 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Capillary Microvalve Actuation Using Thermal Expansion of Trapped Air Bubble

by Ujjal Barman, Paolo Fiorini, Liesbet Lagae and Benjamin Jones

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1031; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131031 - 16 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1300

Abstract

In this study, we demonstrate a compact actuation mechanism of a silicon capillary stop microvalve, based on electrothermal expansion of a trapped air bubble in a chamber. The bubble is heated using an integrated aluminum microheater deposited on the silicon substrate above the [...] Read more.

In this study, we demonstrate a compact actuation mechanism of a silicon capillary stop microvalve, based on electrothermal expansion of a trapped air bubble in a chamber. The bubble is heated using an integrated aluminum microheater deposited on the silicon substrate above the air chamber. The heater occupies an area of 320 µm × 300 µm and has a resistance of 40 Ohms. By applying a 500 ms voltage pulse of 3 V amplitude we could generate a pressure sufficient to breach the capillary barrier pressure of valve, which is around 1000 Pa. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 864 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design and Numerical Evaluation of a Highly Selective CMOS-Compatible Mid-IR Thermal Emitter/Detector Structure Using Optical Tamm-States

by Gerald Pühringer and Bernhard Jakoby

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1032; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131032 - 16 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1350

Abstract

In this work we propose and evaluate a concept for a selective thermal emitter suitable for monolithic on-chip integration suitable for fabrication by conventional CMOS-compatible processes. The concept is based on our recently presented work on vertical-cavity enhanced resonant thermal emission (VERTE). Here [...] Read more.

In this work we propose and evaluate a concept for a selective thermal emitter suitable for monolithic on-chip integration suitable for fabrication by conventional CMOS-compatible processes. The concept is based on our recently presented work on vertical-cavity enhanced resonant thermal emission (VERTE). Here we present the application of this concept to a slab waveguide structure, instead of depositing extended dielectric layers forming a one-dimensional photonic crystal. We optimize the dimension by certain design considerations and geneticalgorithm optimization and demonstrate effective absorbing/emitting properties (depending on different slab heights) of such a low-cost structure by exciting so-called optical Tamm-states on the metal-dielectric interface. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 791 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Current-Mode TransImpedance Amplifier for Capacitive Sensors

by Alessandro Nastro, Andrea De Marcellis, Marco Ferrari and Vittorio Ferrari

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1033; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131033 - 13 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2149

Abstract

A Current-Mode (CM) TransImpedance Amplifier (TIA) based on Second Generation Current Conveyors (CCIIs) for capacitive microsensor measurements is presented. The designed electronic interface performs a capacitance-to-voltage conversion using 3 CCIIs and 3 resistors exploiting a synchronous-demodulation technique to improve the overall detection sensitivity [...] Read more.

A Current-Mode (CM) TransImpedance Amplifier (TIA) based on Second Generation Current Conveyors (CCIIs) for capacitive microsensor measurements is presented. The designed electronic interface performs a capacitance-to-voltage conversion using 3 CCIIs and 3 resistors exploiting a synchronous-demodulation technique to improve the overall detection sensitivity and resolution of the system. A CM-TIA solution designed at transistor level in AMS0.35 µm integrated CMOS technology with a power consumption lower than 900 µW is proposed. Experimental results obtained with a board-level prototype show linear behavior of the proposed interface circuit with a resolution up to 34.5 fF and a sensitivity up to 223 mV/nF, confirming the theoretical expectations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 693 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Surface Plasmon Resonances in Sn: In₂O₃ Thin Films with Diffraction Grating

by Noriyuki Hasuike, Saito Ochiai, Ryotaro Iwakiri, Minoru Takeda, Woo Sik Yoo and Toshiyuki Isshiki

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1034; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131034 - 9 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1148

Abstract

We newly proposed transparent conductive oxide with diffraction grating structure as an excitation field of surface plasmon resonance working at near-infrared spectral region. We experimentally demonstrated the excitation of SPR using Sn-doped In₂O₃ films with micro-meter pitched diffraction grating. In [...] Read more.

We newly proposed transparent conductive oxide with diffraction grating structure as an excitation field of surface plasmon resonance working at near-infrared spectral region. We experimentally demonstrated the excitation of SPR using Sn-doped In₂O₃ films with micro-meter pitched diffraction grating. In this study, we considered the correlation between the grating pitch and the optical reflection spectra. Reflection spectra showed clear polarization properties in infrared spectral region, and the reflection edge has also correlation with the pitch of grating. From these results, the excitation of SPR grating was successfully demonstrated and the wavelength can be tuned by changing the grating pitch in infrared region. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1667 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Biomechanical Tissue Characterisation by Force Sensitive Smart Laparoscope of Robin Heart Surgical Robot

by János Radó, Csaba Dücső, Péter Földesy, István Bársony, Kamil Rohr, Lukasz Mucha, Krzysztof Lis, Wojciech Sadowski, Dariusz Krawczyk, Piotr Kroczek, Zbigniew Małota, Gábor Szebényi, Hunor Sántha, Zbigniew Nawrat and Péter Fürjes

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1035; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131035 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1595

Abstract

Smart laparoscope device was developed and integrated into the ROBIN HEART surgery robot system. Miniaturised silicon based force sensors were developed and integrated into laparoscope tweezers for the special applications. Different sensors were applied to detect tactile information at the tip of the [...] Read more.

Smart laparoscope device was developed and integrated into the ROBIN HEART surgery robot system. Miniaturised silicon based force sensors were developed and integrated into laparoscope tweezers for the special applications. Different sensors were applied to detect tactile information at the tip of the laparoscope and to measure the clamping force between the tweezers. Preliminary tests were accomplished to evaluate the force and tactile signals of the integrated sensors during interventions. Tactile measurements were implemented on artificial and real animal tissues to prove the applicability of the device for biomechanical screening during Minimal Invasive Surgery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 575 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Resonant Photoacoustic Detection of NO₂ with an LED Based Sensor

by Christian Weber, Johannes Kapp, Katrin Schmitt, Hans-Fridtjof Pernau and Jürgen Wöllenstein

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1036; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131036 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1825

Abstract

In times of steadily increasing air pollution especially in urban areas, the monitoring of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) has gained in importance and with it the search for compact, low-cost sensors. We present a novel approach to measure NO₂ in sub-ppm [...] Read more.

In times of steadily increasing air pollution especially in urban areas, the monitoring of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) has gained in importance and with it the search for compact, low-cost sensors. We present a novel approach to measure NO₂ in sub-ppm concentrations with a photoacoustic sensor utilizing a T-shaped resonance cell. An inexpensive single LED with a peak wavelength of 410 nm was used as radiation source and the acoustic detection was done with a commercial MEMS microphone. For optimal coupling of the divergent LED light into the cell, the T-shaped resonator was developed and fabricated with rapid prototyping methods. The resonator shows a acoustic Q-factor >10 while having nearly no zero gas signal. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 499 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Fabrication of AlN-Based Flexible Piezoelectric Pressure Sensor to Integrate into an Artificial Pancreas

by Maria Assunta Signore, Chiara De Pascali, Gabriele Rescio, Antonietta Taurino, Paolo Dario, Veronica Iacovacci, Pietro Siciliano, Concetta Martucci, Enrico Melissano, Fabio Quaranta and Luca Francioso

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1037; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131037 - 9 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1722

Abstract

Present work reports the fabrication and characterization of a flexible AlN-based piezoelectric pressure sensor integrated, as insulin capsule punching detector, into an implantable artificial pancreas (AP), developed as automated treatment device for Type 1 diabetes. Ti/AlN/Ti trilayer was sputtered on a thin kapton [...] Read more.

Present work reports the fabrication and characterization of a flexible AlN-based piezoelectric pressure sensor integrated, as insulin capsule punching detector, into an implantable artificial pancreas (AP), developed as automated treatment device for Type 1 diabetes. Ti/AlN/Ti trilayer was sputtered on a thin kapton substrate at room temperature, making the final device flexible and sensitive to the forces range of interest (0–4 N). The proposed preliminary prototype of AP comprises a refilling module, interfaced with the intestine wall, able to dock an ingestible insulin capsule. A linearly actuated needle punches the capsule to transfer the insulin to an implanted reservoir. The pressure sensor is located at the connection of the needle with the linear actuator to sense the occurred capsule punching. The sensor waveform output was processed to clearly identify the capsule punching. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 319 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Aptamer-Based QCM-Sensor for Rapid Detection of PRRS Virus

by Chakpetch Kuitio, Kiattawee Choowongkomon and Peter A. Lieberzeit

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1038; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131038 - 12 Nov 2018

Viewed by 2283

Abstract

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is caused by an RNA virus and has substantial economic impact on swine industry. Screening pigs for infection is the best way to prevent spreading the disease. For that purpose, we developed biosensors based on aptamers, i.e., [...] Read more.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is caused by an RNA virus and has substantial economic impact on swine industry. Screening pigs for infection is the best way to prevent spreading the disease. For that purpose, we developed biosensors based on aptamers, i.e., short ss-DNA that can bind to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The present study, demonstrates selectivity and sensitivity of PRRSV aptamer (7R) by the means of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements. The respective results show that 7R aptamer indeed binds to samples containing around 10¹⁰ PRRSV virus particles, but not to Pseudorabies virus (PRV) and Classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 967 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

E-Skin Pressure Sensors Made by Laser Engraved PDMS Molds

by Andreia dos Santos, Nuno Pinela, Pedro Alves, Rodrigo Santos, Elvira Fortunato, Rodrigo Martins, Hugo Águas and Rui Igreja

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1039; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131039 - 12 Nov 2018

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2399

Abstract

This work describes the production of electronic-skin (e-skin) piezoresistive sensors, which micro-structuration is performed using laser engraved molds. With this fabrication approach, low-cost sensors are easily produced with a tailored performance. Sensors with micro-cones and a high sensitivity of −1 kPa⁻¹ under [...] Read more.

This work describes the production of electronic-skin (e-skin) piezoresistive sensors, which micro-structuration is performed using laser engraved molds. With this fabrication approach, low-cost sensors are easily produced with a tailored performance. Sensors with micro-cones and a high sensitivity of −1 kPa⁻¹ under 600 Pa are more adequate for the blood pressure wave detection, while sensors micro-structured with semi-spheres and a maximum sensitivity of −6 × 10⁻³ kPa⁻¹ in a large pressure range (1.6 kPa to 100 kPa) are more suitable for robotics and functional prosthesis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 581 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Microcontroller-Based Seat Occupancy Detection and Classification

by Ernesto Sifuentes, Rafael González-Landaeta, Juan Cota-Ruiz and Ferran Reverter

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1040; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131040 - 13 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1514

Abstract

This paper presents a microcontroller-based measurement system to detect and confirm the presence of a subject in a chair. The system relies on a single Force Sensing Resistor (FSR), which may be arranged in the seat or backrest of the chair, that undergoes [...] Read more.

This paper presents a microcontroller-based measurement system to detect and confirm the presence of a subject in a chair. The system relies on a single Force Sensing Resistor (FSR), which may be arranged in the seat or backrest of the chair, that undergoes a sudden resistance change when a subject/object is seated/placed over the chair. In order to distinguish between a subject and an inanimate object, the system also monitors small-signal variations of the FSR resistance caused by respiration. These resistance variations are then directly measured by a low-cost general-purpose microcontroller without using either an analogue processing stage or an analogue-to-digital converter, thus resulting in a low-cost, low-power, compact design solution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 663 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Optical Ammonia Sensor for Continuous Bioprocess Monitoring

by Maximilian Maierhofer, Sergey M. Borisov and Torsten Mayr

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1041; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131041 - 19 Nov 2018

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1775

Abstract

We present an optical ammonia sensor suitable for bioprocess monitoring. A fluorescent dye is physically entrapped in a polyurethane hydrogel forming an emulsion system with vinylterminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The sensing layer is covered by a hydrophobic porous membrane which excludes hydrophilic substances. Ammonia, [...] Read more.

We present an optical ammonia sensor suitable for bioprocess monitoring. A fluorescent dye is physically entrapped in a polyurethane hydrogel forming an emulsion system with vinylterminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The sensing layer is covered by a hydrophobic porous membrane which excludes hydrophilic substances. Ammonia, diffuses through this barrier and PDMS to the protonated dye, whereby it deprotonates the dye and switches off its emission. Readout is performed with a miniaturized phase fluorimeter combined with optical fibers. Dual-lifetime referencing (DLR) acts as detection method and Egyptian blue as reference material. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 398 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Development of Gas Sensor Array based on Phthalocyanines Functionalized TiO₂/ZnO Heterojunction Thin Films

by Jareena Begam Jakir Hussain, Sarathbavan Murugan, Gabriele Magna, Venkatramaiah Nutalapati, Surya Velappa Jayaraman, Corrado Di Natale and Yuvaraj Sivalingam

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1042; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131042 - 20 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1466

Abstract

Gas sensing properties of diverse phthalocyanines functionalized TiO₂/ZnO heterojunction thin films were investigated respect to a number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in both dark and light conditions. These studies showed that influence of heterojunction along with functionalization alter the optical [...] Read more.

Gas sensing properties of diverse phthalocyanines functionalized TiO₂/ZnO heterojunction thin films were investigated respect to a number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in both dark and light conditions. These studies showed that influence of heterojunction along with functionalization alter the optical properties and gas sensing of sensors. Results show that each sensor exhibits a different pattern of relative sensitivity, and this feature can be used to discriminate among a wide range of VOCs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1423 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Flatness Improvement of Double-Sided Magnetic Film for Narrow Gap Electromagnetic Energy Harvester

by Takayuki Fujita, Shinichi Yoshii, Ryosuke Nakanishi, Kensuke Kanda and Kazusuke Maenaka

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1043; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131043 - 11 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1277

Abstract

This paper reports the design, modeling and preliminary fabrication result of the flatness improved magnetic film on a silicon structure for narrow-gap electromagnetic (EMG) vibration energy harvester (VEH). The harvester has double-sided corrugated shape silicon vibration mass with 15 µm-thick NdFeB permanent magnet. [...] Read more.

This paper reports the design, modeling and preliminary fabrication result of the flatness improved magnetic film on a silicon structure for narrow-gap electromagnetic (EMG) vibration energy harvester (VEH). The harvester has double-sided corrugated shape silicon vibration mass with 15 µm-thick NdFeB permanent magnet. The narrower air-gap between the magnetic film and a counter coil electrode the higher output power. While the sputtered magnetic film shows good characteristics equivalent to a bulk magnet, it hinders to reduce the air-gap because the silicon structure was curved by its high residual stress. Applying the double-sided magnet to our previous device, the curvature radius of moving mass with 15 µm-thick NdFeB film was improved from 5.3 m to 40.1 m because of the stress compensation. With the narrowed 2 µm air-gap device, the resulting simulated output power is 48 µW that is 190 times as large as previous device. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 589 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

MEMS Biomimetic Superficial and Canal Neuromasts for Flow Sensing

by Ajay Giri Prakash Kottapalli, Debarun Sengupta, Elgar Kanhere, Meghali Bora, Jianmin Miao and Michael Triantafyllou

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1044; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131044 - 12 Nov 2018

Viewed by 2087

Abstract

Neuromast sensors found in fishes detect flows around their body and are known to generate hydrodynamic awareness. This work reports the development of superficial neuromast (SN) and canal neuromast (CN) inspired MEMS flow sensors. The MEMS artificial neuromast sensors mimic the key features [...] Read more.

Neuromast sensors found in fishes detect flows around their body and are known to generate hydrodynamic awareness. This work reports the development of superficial neuromast (SN) and canal neuromast (CN) inspired MEMS flow sensors. The MEMS artificial neuromast sensors mimic the key features of the SN and the CN such as the shape and the mechanical properties of the cupula. In case of both SN and CN MEMS sensors, hydrogels with varying initiator concentrations were used to replicate the Young’s modulus of the biological cupula. The MEMS SN and CN sensors were experimentally characterized in steady-state and oscillatory flows respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 905 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Novel Design of an Extremely Miniaturized Accelerometer Based on Quantum Tunneling Effect

by Michael Haub, Sebastian Hummel, Martin Bogner and Hermann Sandmaier

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1045; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131045 - 26 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1680

Abstract

This paper presents the design of an extremely miniaturized accelerometer based on the tunneling effect. Because of its high sensitivity the tunneling effect allows the detection of smallest deflections. The aim of the novel design is a large geometric miniaturization at the lowest [...] Read more.

This paper presents the design of an extremely miniaturized accelerometer based on the tunneling effect. Because of its high sensitivity the tunneling effect allows the detection of smallest deflections. The aim of the novel design is a large geometric miniaturization at the lowest possible natural frequency with a nominal acceleration of +/−1 g corresponding to a deflection of +/−9.36 Å. The poly-silicon (PolySi) sensor structure with a size (L × W) of 98 µm × 85 µm is designed in a way that the main displacement operates just in one direction. To lead the sensor into operational conditions, control a constant distance between the tunneling electrodes and perform self-test actuations two electrodes are placed below the sensor structure. The tunneling tip is deposited by a focused ion beam (FIB) to provide the tunneling section with a third pad on the substrate. Within this paper the focus is on the functional implementation of the structure, the investigation of the electrostatic actuators and the deposition of the tunneling tip by the FIB. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 452 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Fast Cross-Linking-Characterization of Waveguide-Polymers on Wafers by Imaging Low-Coherence Interferometry

by Christopher Taudt, Bryan Nelsen, Sandra Schlögl, Edmund Koch and Peter Hartmann

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1046; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131046 - 12 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1647

Abstract

This work introduces a novel method to characterize cross-linking differences in spincast polymers for waveguide applications. The method is based on a low-coherence interferometer which utilizes an imaging spectrometer to gather spatially resolved data along a line without the need for scanning. The [...] Read more.

This work introduces a novel method to characterize cross-linking differences in spincast polymers for waveguide applications. The method is based on a low-coherence interferometer which utilizes an imaging spectrometer to gather spatially resolved data along a line without the need for scanning. The cross-linking characterization is performed by the determination of the wavelength-dependent optical thickness. In order to do this, an algorithm to analyze the wrapped phase data and extract refractive index information is developed. Finally, the approach is tested on photo-lithographically produced samples with lateral refractive index differences in pitches of 50 μm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 490 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A New Method to Prepare Few-Layers of Nanoclusters Decorated Graphene: Nb₂O₅/Graphene and Its Gas Sensing Properties

by Andrea Gaiardo, Nadhira Laidani, Hafeez Ullah, Giancarlo Pepponi, Michele Fedrizzi, Vincenzo Guidi, Pierluigi Bellutti, Barbara Fabbri, Cesare Malagù, Giulia Zonta, Nicolò Landini, Soufiane Krik, Ruben Bartali, Francesca Marchetti and Matteo Valt

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1047; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131047 - 12 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1516

Abstract

During the last decade, due to its excellent electrical, mechanical and thermal properties of chemically modified graphene has been extensively studied for many applications, such as polymer composites, energy-related materials, biomedical applications and sensors. The aim of this work is to evaluate the [...] Read more.

During the last decade, due to its excellent electrical, mechanical and thermal properties of chemically modified graphene has been extensively studied for many applications, such as polymer composites, energy-related materials, biomedical applications and sensors. The aim of this work is to evaluate the gas sensing performance of niobium oxide (Nb₂O₅) nanoclusters deposited onto few-layers graphene powder by magneton sputtering. Two different samples were prepared by changing electrical power of deposition. The materials were deeply morphologically, structurally and chemically characterized. Finally, they were deposited onto alumina substrates and their sensing properties were investigated vs. different gases, showing good sensing performance vs. ppm concentrations of NO₂ at room temperature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 812 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

High Frequency FM MEMS Accelerometer Using Piezoresistive Resonators

by Cláudia Coelho, João Gaspar and Luís A. Rocha

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1048; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131048 - 12 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1372

Abstract

A novel frequency modulated (FM) accelerometer based on piezoresistive resonators is presented. The accelerometer uses two differential resonators, connected to the accelerometer proofmass by an amplifying leverage mechanism. The piezoresistive double-mass resonators are electrostatically driven in anti-phase and the output signal is measured [...] Read more.

A novel frequency modulated (FM) accelerometer based on piezoresistive resonators is presented. The accelerometer uses two differential resonators, connected to the accelerometer proofmass by an amplifying leverage mechanism. The piezoresistive double-mass resonators are electrostatically driven in anti-phase and the output signal is measured piezoresistively by applying a bias current to the connecting microbeam of the double-mass resonators. Accelerometers were fabricated using SOI technology with a 5 µm device layer. Fabricated resonators show a high resonance frequency around 705 kHz and a Q-factor close to 20,000 when measured in vacuum. Preliminary measurements show a sensitivity around 0.46 Hz/g for a single resonator. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 360 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A High-Efficiency RF Harvester with Maximum Power Point Tracking

by Manel Gasulla, Francesc J. Robert, Josep Jordana, Edgar Ripoll-Vercellone, Jordi Berenguer and Ferran Reverter

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1049; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131049 - 23 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1483

Abstract

This paper presents the implementation of a high-efficiency radiofrequency (RF) harvester, which consists of a rectenna and a maximum power point tracker (MPPT). The rectenna was characterized from −30 dBm to −10 dBm at 808 MHz, achieving an efficiency higher than 60% at [...] Read more.

This paper presents the implementation of a high-efficiency radiofrequency (RF) harvester, which consists of a rectenna and a maximum power point tracker (MPPT). The rectenna was characterized from −30 dBm to −10 dBm at 808 MHz, achieving an efficiency higher than 60% at −10 dBm. Experimental results also show that the rectenna can be well modelled as a Thévenin equivalent circuit, which allows the use of a simple ensuing MPPT. The complete RF harvester was tested, achieving an overall efficiency near 50% at −10 dBm. Further tests were performed powering a sensor node from a nearby antenna. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 548 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Buck Converter for Low-Power PV Modules: A Comparative Study

by Ferran Reverter and Manel Gasulla

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1050; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131050 - 26 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1168

Abstract

Autonomous sensors that harvest energy from the environment usually employ a dc/dc converter to regulate the operating voltage of the energy transducer around its maximum power point (MPP). In this context, this work evaluates the efficiency of a buck converter when regulating the [...] Read more.

Autonomous sensors that harvest energy from the environment usually employ a dc/dc converter to regulate the operating voltage of the energy transducer around its maximum power point (MPP). In this context, this work evaluates the efficiency of a buck converter when regulating the operating point of two low-power photovoltaic (PV) modules subjected to different irradiance levels. The buck converter operates in burst mode (BM) and is able to transfer the energy from the PV module to a storage unit through an optimal value of the inductor current. Experimental results show that an irradiance increase can cause either an increase or a decrease of the converter efficiency. This is because the higher the irradiance, the higher both the MPP voltage and current of the PV module, which involve opposite effects in terms of the converter efficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 418 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Sensor Analysis for a Modular Wearable Finger 3D Motion Tracking System

by Paolo Bellitti, Michele Bona, Michela Borghetti, Emilio Sardini and Mauro Serpelloni

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1051; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131051 - 26 Nov 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1262

Abstract

Body motion tracking technologies are widespread in military, medical and sport fields. The work proposes a modular wireless wearable system able to detect hand fingers motion. Such system is composed by a readout unit that analyses the data and by a wearable measuring [...] Read more.

Body motion tracking technologies are widespread in military, medical and sport fields. The work proposes a modular wireless wearable system able to detect hand fingers motion. Such system is composed by a readout unit that analyses the data and by a wearable measuring device directly applied on the tracked finger. This device is equipped with an Inertial Motion Unit (IMU) used to track the first phalanx motion and orientation and with a stretch sensor to monitor the bending angle between the first and second phalanxes. We carried out an experimental study, which is divided in two main parts. In the first one, the transducer performance was evaluated, whereas, in the second part, we tested the capability of the overall system to recognize simple finger movements and different objects grabbed. The preliminary results pave the possibility of developing a modular device, one for each hand finger, able to recognize the grabbed object shape or detect complex gestures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 448 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Threshold Voltage Control to Improve Energy Utilization Efficiency of a Power Management Circuit for Energy Harvesting Applications

by Zheng Jun Chew and Meiling Zhu

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1052; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131052 - 21 Nov 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1708

Abstract

This work presents a design approach that improves power management circuit (PMC) for energy harvesting applications so that more of the harvested energy can be utilized by the wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) to perform useful tasks. The proposed method is widely applicable to [...] Read more.

This work presents a design approach that improves power management circuit (PMC) for energy harvesting applications so that more of the harvested energy can be utilized by the wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) to perform useful tasks. The proposed method is widely applicable to different circuits by setting an appropriate threshold voltage at the energy flow control interface of the circuit. Experimental results show that with a threshold voltage difference of around 20 mV, the energy output from the PMC can differ by more than 5%. This difference is significant over a long period of time as more tasks can be performed by the WSN with the extra energy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 509 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

On-Chip Temperature Compensation for Thermal Impedance Sensors

by Martin Jaegle, Hans-Fridtjof Pernau, Marcus Pfützner, Mike Benkendorf, Xinke Li, Markus Bartel, Susanne Drost and Jürgen Wöllenstein

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1053; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131053 - 27 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1699

Abstract

Electrical impedance spectroscopy is a widespread characterization method for solids or fluids in industrial applications. We here report on its thermal equivalent, the “thermal impedance spectroscopy”, improved by using a temperature compensation method for temperature dependent thermal measurements using an on-chip reference resistor. [...] Read more.

Electrical impedance spectroscopy is a widespread characterization method for solids or fluids in industrial applications. We here report on its thermal equivalent, the “thermal impedance spectroscopy”, improved by using a temperature compensation method for temperature dependent thermal measurements using an on-chip reference resistor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 494 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

High Throughput Roll-to-Roll Production of Microfluidic Chips

by Martin Smolka, Stephan Ruttloff, Dieter Nees, Christine Prietl, Valentin Satzinger, Bernhard Lamprecht, Philipp Hütter, Jan Hesse, Georgios Kokkinis, Günther Kriechhammer, Daniel Scheidl and Bianca Wilfing

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1054; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131054 - 4 Dec 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2420

Abstract

A high throughput manufacturing process of microfluidic chips based on Roll-to-Roll imprinting is presented. With this procedure, microfluidic patterns can be produced on large area polymer substrates. The subsequent steps of inlet drilling, bonding and electrode printing are set-up on large area processes, [...] Read more.

A high throughput manufacturing process of microfluidic chips based on Roll-to-Roll imprinting is presented. With this procedure, microfluidic patterns can be produced on large area polymer substrates. The subsequent steps of inlet drilling, bonding and electrode printing are set-up on large area processes, too. Overall, this strategy allows highly parallelized processing of large numbers of chips—all costly steps of individual chip handling are avoided. The chips were used for the characterization of inorganic ions for soil nutrient analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 688 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Nanofabrication of SOI-Based Photonic Waveguide Resonators for Gravimetric Molecule Detection

by Tony Granz, Julia Sophie Böke, Gerry Hamdana, Michael Martens, Arijit Misra, Stefan Preußler, Meinhard Schilling, Erwin Peiner, Thomas Schneider and Andreas Waag

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1055; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131055 - 13 Feb 2019

Viewed by 2404

Abstract

A silicon photonic microresonator comprising two curved vertical grating couplers and a single suspended Si nanowaveguide (NWG) is developed to investigate the giant enhanced Brillouin scattering in subwavelength NWGs caused by photon-phonon interaction. Finite element modelling based on COMSOL Multiphysics is conducted to [...] Read more.

A silicon photonic microresonator comprising two curved vertical grating couplers and a single suspended Si nanowaveguide (NWG) is developed to investigate the giant enhanced Brillouin scattering in subwavelength NWGs caused by photon-phonon interaction. Finite element modelling based on COMSOL Multiphysics is conducted to optimize the critical device parameters (e.g., waveguide width, height, and length). As the smallest structures that need to be resolved are down to ~15 nm in size, electron-beam nanolithography is employed. In this case, dosage tests are carried out to minimize proximity charging effects during the nanopatterning of the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) surface, resulting in appropriate adaptive current area dosage distributions for the periodic gratings, couplers peripheral areas, and NWG, respectively. Furthermore, an enhanced inductively coupled plasma dry reactive ion etching (ICP-DRIE) process at a cryogenic temperature is used to realize smooth vertical sidewalls. Finally, buffered hydrofluoric acid (BHF)-based wet chemical etching is carried out to remove the buried oxide resulting in a suspended Si waveguide. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1279 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Investigating Intense Rainfall Influence on Distance Measurement with a Time-of-Flight Camera Sensor Using Optical Ray-Tracing Simulation Technique

by Marcus Baumgart, Norbert Druml, Markus Dielacher and Cristina Consani

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1056; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131056 - 20 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1336

Abstract

Robust, fast and reliable examination of the surroundings is essential for further advancements in autonomous driving and robotics. Time-of-Flight (ToF) camera sensors are a key technology to measure surrounding objects and their distances on a pixel basis in real-time. Environmental effects, like rain [...] Read more.

Robust, fast and reliable examination of the surroundings is essential for further advancements in autonomous driving and robotics. Time-of-Flight (ToF) camera sensors are a key technology to measure surrounding objects and their distances on a pixel basis in real-time. Environmental effects, like rain in front of the sensor, can influence the distance accuracy of the sensor. Here we use an optical ray-tracing based procedure to examine the rain effect on the ToF image. Simulation results are presented for experimental rain droplet distributions, characteristic of intense rainfall at rates of 25 mm/h and 100 mm/h. The ray-tracing based simulation data and results serve as an input for developing and testing rain signal suppression strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1020 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Embroidery Textile Moisture Sensor

by Marc Martinez-Estrada, Bahareh Moradi, Raúl Fernández-Garcia and Ignacio Gil

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1057; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131057 - 21 Nov 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1659

Abstract

In this work, two embroidered textile moisture sensors are presented. The sensors are based on a capacitive interdigitated structure embroidered on a cotton substrate with an embroidery conductor yarn composed by 99% pure silver plated nylon yarn 140/17 dtex. In order to evaluate [...] Read more.

In this work, two embroidered textile moisture sensors are presented. The sensors are based on a capacitive interdigitated structure embroidered on a cotton substrate with an embroidery conductor yarn composed by 99% pure silver plated nylon yarn 140/17 dtex. In order to evaluate the sensor sensitivity, the impedance of the sensor has been measured by means of a LCR meter from 20 Hz to 20 kHz on a climatic chamber with a sweep of the relative humidity from 25% to 65% at 20 °C. The experimental results show a clear and controllable dependence of the sensor impedance with the relative humidity. Therefore, this dependence points out the usefulness of the proposed sensor to develop wearable applications on health and fitness scope. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 728 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Exploring Temperature-Modulated Operation Mode of Metal Oxide Gas Sensors for Robust Signal Processing

by Romana Boiger, Stefan Defregger, Mirza Grbic, Anton Köck, Manfred Mücke, Robert Wimmer-Teubenbacher and Bernat Zaragoza Travieso

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1058; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131058 - 13 Feb 2019

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1275

Abstract

Metal oxide (MOx) gas sensor signals are mainly governed by adsorption and desorption processes of oxygen and its reaction with surrounding gas molecules. Different target gases exhibit different reaction rates leading to characteristic sensor responses for specific gas species and their concentrations. In [...] Read more.

Metal oxide (MOx) gas sensor signals are mainly governed by adsorption and desorption processes of oxygen and its reaction with surrounding gas molecules. Different target gases exhibit different reaction rates leading to characteristic sensor responses for specific gas species and their concentrations. In this work, we compare temperature-modulated sensor operation (TMO) with sensor operation at a single temperature. Further, we explore if under specific TMO regimes, a simple signal processing allows for quantification of gas concentrations. We specifically investigate, if the relevant information can be captured in selected discrete wavelet coefficients. In addition, we compare the results received from this wavelet features to reaction rate evaluation features. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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3 pages, 780 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Low-Frequency Piezoelectric Accelerometer Array for Fully Implantable Cochlear Implants

by János Radó, Péter Udvardi, Saeedeh Soleimani, Lucky Kenda Peter, István Bársony, Péter Révész and János Volk

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1059; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131059 - 26 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1573

Abstract

We demonstrate a low-volume, stress-free, piezoelectric micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) cantilever array for fully implantable hearing aids. The 12-element spiral-matrix is sensitive to the lower part of audible frequency range (300–700 Hz) through the proper resonant frequency of the individual spirals tuned by dimensions [...] Read more.

We demonstrate a low-volume, stress-free, piezoelectric micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) cantilever array for fully implantable hearing aids. The 12-element spiral-matrix is sensitive to the lower part of audible frequency range (300–700 Hz) through the proper resonant frequency of the individual spirals tuned by dimensions of the cantilevers. The obtained high Q-factors (117–254) provide high frequency selectivity. The generated open circuit voltage signals could be sufficient for the direct analog conversion of the signals for cochlear multielectrode implants. By comparing different geometries we have also demonstrated that the initial stress, which is derived from silicon-dioxide (SiO₂) and aluminum-nitride (AlN) layers, could be drastically reduced simply by the spiral geometry. The results of vibration measurements have shown a good agreement with the calculated resonant frequencies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 863 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

PDMS-Au/Ag Nanocomposite Films as Highly Sensitive SERS Substrates

by Attila Bonyár, Zsanett Izsold, Alexandra Borók, István Csarnovics, László Himics, Miklós Veres and Gábor Harsányi

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1060; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131060 - 26 Nov 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1481

Abstract

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)–gold/silver nanoparticle composite films were synthetized in situ by using a simple method, which is based on the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl₄) or silver nitrate solution (AgNO₃) by the PDMS membrane. A method to monitor the development [...] Read more.

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)–gold/silver nanoparticle composite films were synthetized in situ by using a simple method, which is based on the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl₄) or silver nitrate solution (AgNO₃) by the PDMS membrane. A method to monitor the development of the plasmonic absorbance peak in situ (during the synthesis of the nanoparticles) is introduced in order to provide a convenient way to investigate the effect of the technological parameters on the position of the resulting peak. The resulting composite films were tested as SERS substrates at two excitation wavelengths (488 nm, 785 nm) and the preliminary results indicate that they are promising candidates for this application, with high sensitivities accompanied by cheap fabrication costs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 361 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Discrimination of Quality and Geographical Origin of Extra Virgin Olive Oil by S3 Device with Metal Oxides Gas Sensors

by Manohar P. Bhandari, Estefanía Núñez Carmona, Marco Abbatangelo, Veronica Sberveglieri, Giorgio Duina, Rajani Malla, Elisabetta Comini and Giorgio Sberveglieri

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1061; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131061 - 26 Nov 2018

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1704

Abstract

In the present work, a gas sensor device S3 based on an array of eight metal oxides semiconductor gas sensors has been demonstrated and applied to the discrimination of quality and geographical origins of the Italian extra virgin olive oils. Furthermore, the principal [...] Read more.

In the present work, a gas sensor device S3 based on an array of eight metal oxides semiconductor gas sensors has been demonstrated and applied to the discrimination of quality and geographical origins of the Italian extra virgin olive oils. Furthermore, the principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural networks (ANN) were carried out on the set of data acquired from the sensor array response to the extra virgin olive oil headspace. The preliminary results have shown a good capability of the instrument to distinguish different kind of extra virgin olive oil samples and thus evaluate their quality and origin. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 578 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Laser Driver and Analysis Circuitry Development for Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of NO₂ for IoT Purpose

by Alexander Kerschhofer, Philipp Breitegger and Alexander Bergmann

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1062; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131062 - 22 Nov 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1572

Abstract

The rising effort to track local air pollution measurements require low-cost air quality sensors that provide good accuracy, long-term stability and possibly Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity. To provide such a solution and avoid cost-intensive equipment the development of a low-cost environmental sensor [...] Read more.

The rising effort to track local air pollution measurements require low-cost air quality sensors that provide good accuracy, long-term stability and possibly Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity. To provide such a solution and avoid cost-intensive equipment the development of a low-cost environmental sensor system was started. To measure the pollutant NO₂, a quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) setup was established. A pulsed 450 nm laser diode excites NO₂ molecules due to its strong absorption at this wavelength and causes a vibrational-translational relaxation, which results in an acoustic wave. The acoustic wave is detected by a quartz tuning fork (QTF) which generates a weak electrical signal proportional to the NO₂ concentration. To realize this at low cost, a laser driver and an analysis circuit including a lock-in amplifier and analog-to-digital conversion were developed. We present first results, which proof the functionality of the circuitry compared to a more expensive laboratory setup. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 412 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Enhancing the Performance of Commercial Infrared Detectors by Surface Plasmons

by Kirsi Tappura

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1063; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131063 - 16 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1009

Abstract

The feasibility to improve the response of quantum type (photonic) infrared (IR) detectors by applying surface plasmons is investigated. The HgCdTe material system is used as the detector platform of interest for which selected plasmonic structures and materials are applied and the influence [...] Read more.

The feasibility to improve the response of quantum type (photonic) infrared (IR) detectors by applying surface plasmons is investigated. The HgCdTe material system is used as the detector platform of interest for which selected plasmonic structures and materials are applied and the influence studied by full-fielded electromagnetic simulations. It is shown that even for the several-micrometers-thick detector structures, similar to the commercial ones, broadband absorption enhancements of 30–40% can be achieved. The results suggest that improved, or new, pixel-level functionalities can be created for commercial IR detectors by relatively simple means. Additionally, high potential for cost reduction in high-performance IR imaging systems with multicolour capabilities is foreseen. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 845 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Loop Antenna Driven Double Microwave Resonator-Based Sensors Incorporating PDMS Microchannels on Glass Substrates

by Berk Camli, Emre Altinagac, Huseyin Kizil, Hamdi Torun, Gunhan Dundar and Arda D. Yalcinkaya

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1064; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131064 - 16 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1479

Abstract

Microwave resonator-based sensors offer low-cost, contactless, label-free sensing solutions in a variety of applications. Sensing is done by the observation of the shifts in resonant frequency of the sensor structure, which depends on resonator geometry, material and physical properties of the environment. It [...] Read more.

Microwave resonator-based sensors offer low-cost, contactless, label-free sensing solutions in a variety of applications. Sensing is done by the observation of the shifts in resonant frequency of the sensor structure, which depends on resonator geometry, material and physical properties of the environment. It is observed that the readings can be significantly affected by changes in secondary physical parameters or sample localization on resonator. A double microwave resonator sensing system incorporating microchannels on glass substrates are proposed to address these challenges. PDMS microchannels bonded on glass substrates are mounted on split ring resonators fabricated via low-cost processes. Experiments are performed with glucose solutions of 1.4 mg/mL–3.0 mg/mL concentration range. Results confirm that the use of double resonators increase rejection of background noise, whereas microchannel use increases measurement stability. Overall measurement sensitivity is shown to be 0.92 MHz/(mg/mL). Further improvements are aimed with the bonding of microchannels directly on resonators fabricated on glass substrates. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 409 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Planar Electrochromic Device using WO₃ Nanoparticles and a Modified Paper-Based Electrolyte

by Ana Marques, Lídia Santos, Sónia Pereira, Umberto Emanuele, Stefano Sinopoli, Rui Igreja, Goreti Sales, Rodrigo Martins and Elvira Fortunato

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1065; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131065 - 19 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1902

Abstract

Electrochromic devices are increasing its interest in the last decades due to the wide range of applications, from smart windows to biosensors or from smart labels to super-capacitors. So, the development of simple and cost-effective production technologies based on solution process and mask [...] Read more.

Electrochromic devices are increasing its interest in the last decades due to the wide range of applications, from smart windows to biosensors or from smart labels to super-capacitors. So, the development of simple and cost-effective production technologies based on solution process and mask less approach is of great interest. In this work, a new planar and flexible electrochromic device based on tungsten oxide (WO₃) nanoparticles with a paper-based modified electrolyte was successfully produced, using a CO₂ laser technology for electrodes patterning and hydrothermal synthesis for the nanoparticles production. The devices were fabricated with a paper pad inserted in the sensor area for hydration on time of usage, thus replacing the electrolyte material of a typical electrochromic structure with a multi-layer stack, eliminating leakage problems, easy integration with other devices and enhancing the shelf life of the devices to several months. The produced device presents a low power consumption of only 2.86 μA·cm⁻², with a deep blue color and an initial charge modulation of 11.5. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 678 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Polymer-CMOS Hybrid Neural Probes for Large-Scale Neuro-Electronic Interfacing

by Marko Bakula, Frederik Ceyssens and Robert Puers

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1066; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131066 - 26 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1330

Abstract

Achieving a stable, long-term connection with millions of neurons within living organisms remains one of the dreams of neuroscience. Silicon shank based probes lead the field in terms of pure channel count. On the other hand, polymer neural probes offer superior biocompatibility, ruggedness [...] Read more.

Achieving a stable, long-term connection with millions of neurons within living organisms remains one of the dreams of neuroscience. Silicon shank based probes lead the field in terms of pure channel count. On the other hand, polymer neural probes offer superior biocompatibility, ruggedness and lower cost. This work tries to merge these technologies while exploring new electronic and interconnect design methods, ultimately yielding a prototype of a polymer-CMOS hybrid neural probe with a gold bump interconnect along with an electronic design based on bipolar transistor input devices, pseudo-capacitive AC coupling and in-pixel digitization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 792 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Towards 3D Confocal Imaging with Laser-Machined Micro-Scanner

by Hilmi Artun Oyman, Baris Can Efe, Mustafa Akin Icel, Yigit Daghan Gokdel, Onur Ferhanoglu and Arda Deniz Yalcinkaya

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1067; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131067 - 23 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1969

Abstract

A micro-scanner made of stainless-steel is fabricated via laser cutting technology for 3D Lissajous confocal imaging. The multi-gimbaled structure of the device provides two orthogonal torsional modes and three different out-of-plane modes. Torsional modes can be used to achieve 2D scan and all [...] Read more.

A micro-scanner made of stainless-steel is fabricated via laser cutting technology for 3D Lissajous confocal imaging. The multi-gimbaled structure of the device provides two orthogonal torsional modes and three different out-of-plane modes. Torsional modes can be used to achieve 2D scan and all of the out-of-plane modes can be used in changing the focus of the micro-scanner to achieve a 3D scanning pattern. One of the out-of-plane modes along with two orthogonal torsional modes can be employed for scanning a large depth-stack in sparse fashion while another out-of-plane mode can satisfy a much higher scan fill-rate with less field of view (FOV). Simulations of the micro-scanner are obtained using finite element method (FEM) software and compared with the characterization data gathered from Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV). Using various out-of-plane modes, the constructed fill patterns are simulated on MATLAB and fill rates compared. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 778 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

On the Applicability of Silicon Carbide Based Field Effect Sensors in the Control of Exhaust/Flue Gas After-Treatment Systems

by Mike Andersson, Lida Khajavizadeh and Anita Lloyd Spetz

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1068; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131068 - 27 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1388

Abstract

The performance of Silicon Carbide based field effect gas sensor devices, modified to enable long-term reliable operation with improved sensitivity to e.g., NH₃ and CO at relevant temperatures for exhaust/flue gas emissions monitoring and control of combustion processes as well as after-treatment [...] Read more.

The performance of Silicon Carbide based field effect gas sensor devices, modified to enable long-term reliable operation with improved sensitivity to e.g., NH₃ and CO at relevant temperatures for exhaust/flue gas emissions monitoring and control of combustion processes as well as after-treatment systems in automotive/stationary applications has been investigated with promising results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1224 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Hierarchically Combined Periodic SERS Active 3D Micro- and Nanostructures for High Sensitive Molecular Analysis

by István Rigó, Miklós Veres, Orsolya Hakkel and Péter Fürjes

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1069; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131069 - 14 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1253

Abstract

To increase the local field intensity of Raman scattering, gold nanospheres were entrapped in gold coated periodic inverse pyramid structures, being SERS substrates by themselves. The applicability of this complex structure for sensitive molecule detection was proved by comparison of the detected Raman [...] Read more.

To increase the local field intensity of Raman scattering, gold nanospheres were entrapped in gold coated periodic inverse pyramid structures, being SERS substrates by themselves. The applicability of this complex structure for sensitive molecule detection was proved by comparison of the detected Raman signals with and without particle entrapment. Moreover its relevance in molecular diagnostic was also proposed considering the specific surface functionalisation of the gold nanoparticles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 532 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Improved 3-Phase Current Transducer

by Pavel Ripka, Václav Grim and Andrey Chirtsov

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1070; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131070 - 26 Nov 2018

Viewed by 963

Abstract

We propose improved contactless DC/AC current transducer for 3-phase current lines based on 8 integrated fluxgate sensors. Using proper processing we ideally achieve a complete suppression of external homogeneous fields, and field gradients up to the 4th order. The sensitivity to external currents [...] Read more.

We propose improved contactless DC/AC current transducer for 3-phase current lines based on 8 integrated fluxgate sensors. Using proper processing we ideally achieve a complete suppression of external homogeneous fields, and field gradients up to the 4th order. The sensitivity to external currents (crosstalk) is improved 15-times compared to [1]. The usage of micro fluxgate sensors instead of magnetoresistive sensors improves the temperature stability: the sensitivity temperature coefficient was reduced from 0.3%/K to 50 ppm/K and offset drift was reduced from 50 mA/K to 1 mA/K. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 614 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Exchangeable Miniaturized Mass Spectrometer Chip Based on Silicon Structures

by Stephan Westerdick, Patrick Hermanns, Benedikt Janßen and Thomas Musch

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1071; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131071 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1479

Abstract

This paper reports a design of an exchangeable miniaturized mass spectrometry chip using spring-loaded pins and O-rings for electrical and fluidic connections. This planar microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-chip works with 300 µm high silicon structures between two borosilicate glasses and has a size of [...] Read more.

This paper reports a design of an exchangeable miniaturized mass spectrometry chip using spring-loaded pins and O-rings for electrical and fluidic connections. This planar microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-chip works with 300 µm high silicon structures between two borosilicate glasses and has a size of 13 mm × 7 mm. Because of its small size a small vacuum pump is sufficient, and it is suitable for mobile measurements and portable applications. Because of exchangeability of MEMS-chips with fluidic and electrical high voltage connections a direct comparison between chips is possible. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1621 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Large Out-of-Plane Deflection MEMS Actuators for Optical Applications

by David Torres, Sarah Dooley and LaVern A. Starman

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1072; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131072 - 30 Nov 2018

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1478

Abstract

The design and fabrication of an electrothermal MEMS actuation structure which is capable of producing large out-of-plane deflection is presented. The actuators are used to move a 1 mm² mirror structure, where the large deflection allows one to achieve large beam steering [...] Read more.

The design and fabrication of an electrothermal MEMS actuation structure which is capable of producing large out-of-plane deflection is presented. The actuators are used to move a 1 mm² mirror structure, where the large deflection allows one to achieve large beam steering angles. The electrothermal actuators are designed to operate via joule heating with a monolithically integrated heater. The proposed design was analyzed using finite element method simulation software (COMSOL 5.3a), to determine the thickness of each material layer, the initial out-of-plane upward deflections, the configuration of the heating element to achieve the desired actuation deformations, and the overall steady-state temperature distribution through the actuation structure due to Joule heating. Finally, the actuation assemblies were fabricated, released, tested and compared with our simulation results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 700 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Redox Active Self-Assembled Monolayer Functioning as a pH Actuator

by Divya Balakrishnan, Wouter Olthuis and César Pascual García

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1073; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131073 - 21 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1238

Abstract

Using electrochemical control to change the chemical environment in liquids is quite challenging because the small surface to volume ratio offered by traditional cells limits the release or modification of chemicals from the electrodes. Here we present the control of proton concentration (acidity) [...] Read more.

Using electrochemical control to change the chemical environment in liquids is quite challenging because the small surface to volume ratio offered by traditional cells limits the release or modification of chemicals from the electrodes. Here we present the control of proton concentration (acidity) using a combination of a redox active SAM, which allows ease of fabrication, control of the chemical reactions and repeatability, with a microfluidic design that provides large range and stability over time of the set acidity point, quasi-reversibility during several cycles, and capacity of miniaturization and scalability for multiplexing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1048 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Preparation and Integration of a Multi-Wavelength LED Matrix for Testing Light Cell Interaction in a Novel Lens Less Optical Microscope

by Rudolf Heer, Sigurd Krieger, Silvana Geleff, Jörg Schotter, Wenze Wu, Gregor Scholz and Hutomo Suryo Wasisto

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1074; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131074 - 21 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1466

Abstract

In this work we studied the influence of light emitting diode (LED) generated light on living cells which were cultivated in common cell culture microtiter plates. In detail we investigated signaling side effects including apoptosis by the use of a cell permeable peroxide [...] Read more.

In this work we studied the influence of light emitting diode (LED) generated light on living cells which were cultivated in common cell culture microtiter plates. In detail we investigated signaling side effects including apoptosis by the use of a cell permeable peroxide activatable fluorescent dye (5,6-Chloromethyl-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate). A high level production of peroxides in UV and blue light exposed cells was measured while the light of longer wavelengths caused only minor effects on the cells. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 376 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

MEMS Variable Area Capacitor for Room Temperature Electrometry

by George Underwood and Tod Laurvick

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1075; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131075 - 30 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1328

Abstract

This paper introduces a new way to detect charge using MEMS variable capacitors for extremely sensitive, room temperature electrometry. It is largely based on the electrometers introduced by Riehl et al. [1] except variable capacitance is created by a changing area, not a [...] Read more.

This paper introduces a new way to detect charge using MEMS variable capacitors for extremely sensitive, room temperature electrometry. It is largely based on the electrometers introduced by Riehl et al. [1] except variable capacitance is created by a changing area, not a changing gap. The new scheme will improve MEMS electrometers by eliminating the effects of squeeze-film damping and by theoretically increasing the maximum charge resolution by 70%. The charge conversion gain (the increase in output voltage per input unit charge) for this system is derived. The result show good agreement with MATLAB calculations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1055 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Transfer Printing Technology for Fabricating Chemical Sensors Based on Tin Dioxide Nanowires

by Florentyna Sosada-Ludwikowska, Robert Wimmer-Teubenbacher and Anton Köck

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1076; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131076 - 21 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1329

Abstract

Multi-nanowire based chemical gas sensors were produced employing a fast and simple transfer printing technology. SnO₂ nanowires (NWs) were grown by a specific two-step technology including spray pyrolysis deposition and a thermal annealing process in presence of a Cu-catalyst. Subsequently the SnO [...] Read more.

Multi-nanowire based chemical gas sensors were produced employing a fast and simple transfer printing technology. SnO₂ nanowires (NWs) were grown by a specific two-step technology including spray pyrolysis deposition and a thermal annealing process in presence of a Cu-catalyst. Subsequently the SnO₂ NWs were print transferred by a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp on Si-substrates with gold inter-digital electrode structures (IDES) creating a multi-NW chemical sensing device. The print-transfer technology enables a fast, easy and cheap fabrication of NW-based sensor devices with a good reproducibility. High sensitivity to H2S has been achieved, the performance results are presented in this work. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 665 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Diffusor/Nozzle Pump Based on a Magnetically Actuated Flexible PCB Diaphragm

by Marcus A. Hintermüller and Bernhard Jakoby

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1077; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131077 - 16 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1119

Abstract

We present a valveless microfluidic pump utilizing an oscillating membrane made from a flexible printed circuit board. The microfluidic channel is fabricated by a 3D printing process and features diffuser/nozzle structures to obtain a directed flow; the flexible membrane is bonded to the [...] Read more.

We present a valveless microfluidic pump utilizing an oscillating membrane made from a flexible printed circuit board. The microfluidic channel is fabricated by a 3D printing process and features diffuser/nozzle structures to obtain a directed flow; the flexible membrane is bonded to the channel. The membrane is actuated via Lorentz forces to accomplish out-of-plane motions and push the fluid through the channel. A permanent magnet provides the static magnetic field required for the actuation. The simple fabrication method can potentially be used for inexpensive mass fabrication for disposable devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 354 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Influence of Buffer Thickness on Sensitivity of Pd-Coated Side Polished Single Mode Optical Fiber Hydrogen Sensor

by Mukesh P. Singh and Santosh Chaurasia

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1078; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131078 - 26 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1165

Abstract

Optical fiber sensor which is based on palladium is highly sensitive to detect hydrogen. In this paper we analyzed the effect of buffer on sensitivity. Sensitivity is affected due to presence of buffer between side polished fiber core and hydrogen absorbing palladium layer. [...] Read more.

Optical fiber sensor which is based on palladium is highly sensitive to detect hydrogen. In this paper we analyzed the effect of buffer on sensitivity. Sensitivity is affected due to presence of buffer between side polished fiber core and hydrogen absorbing palladium layer. We optimized the buffer thicknesses for different palladium thickness to achieve maximum sensitivity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1995 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Silicon-On-Nothing Micro-Pirani Gauge for Interior-Pressure Measurement

by Andrey Kravchenko, Vladislav Komenko and Wolf-Joachim Fischer

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1079; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131079 - 20 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1491

Abstract

In the current work, we present a compact and cost effective Pirani gauge based on Silicon-On-Nothing (SON) technology. The proposed design uses an innovative approach of etching the sensing element directly in a crystalline silicon membrane. Such configuration allows pressure dependent heat losses [...] Read more.

In the current work, we present a compact and cost effective Pirani gauge based on Silicon-On-Nothing (SON) technology. The proposed design uses an innovative approach of etching the sensing element directly in a crystalline silicon membrane. Such configuration allows pressure dependent heat losses to act on the substrate not only through the bottom cavity and trenches but also via the top cavity on the lid, which is formed by means of a sacrificial layer. By ensuring process compatibility with other SON-based MEMS, the proposed device can be used as a tool for cavity pressure monitoring and product support over the whole life cycle of MEMS: ranging from fabrication to calibration during field tests. Performance of the device is investigated based on numerical simulations and measurements. Furthermore, work includes a discussion of the fabrication process along with an additional cavity pressure characterization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1741 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Silicon-On-Nothing IR-Emitter for Gas Sensing Applications

by Vladislav Komenko, Andrey Kravchenko and Wolf-Joachim Fischer

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1080; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131080 - 20 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1222

Abstract

Within the current work, we present a miniaturized IR-Emitter based on Silicon-On-Nothing (SON) technology capable of producing 10 ms pulses. Transition to monocrystalline silicon, as the material choice for the filament, is governed by improved reliability and greater thermal stability as opposed to [...] Read more.

Within the current work, we present a miniaturized IR-Emitter based on Silicon-On-Nothing (SON) technology capable of producing 10 ms pulses. Transition to monocrystalline silicon, as the material choice for the filament, is governed by improved reliability and greater thermal stability as opposed to polycrystalline silicon alternative, commonly used in such class of devices. Compact design, low-cost processing and exceptional filament material properties make the presented device a favorite solution for integrated gas sensing applications. Numerical modeling and measurements of the IR-Emitter are performed to investigate the heating dynamics and assess the structure’s behavior at extreme temperatures as well as confirm the target performance. Additionally, a part of the work is dedicated to cover the insight of used fabrication process and the discussion of further improvements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 450 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Surface Functionalization of SU-8 Vertical Waveguide for Biomedical Sensing: Bacteria Diagnosis

by Yu Xin, Grégory Pandraud, Linda Otten, Yongmeng Zhang and Paddy French

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1081; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131081 - 16 Nov 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1450

Abstract

In this paper, we present an SU-8 based evanescent waveguide with a vertical structure as a biomedical sensor. The waveguide is designed vertically to generate evanescent waves on both left and right surfaces for sensing. It is fabricated by E-beam lithography with only [...] Read more.

In this paper, we present an SU-8 based evanescent waveguide with a vertical structure as a biomedical sensor. The waveguide is designed vertically to generate evanescent waves on both left and right surfaces for sensing. It is fabricated by E-beam lithography with only one-step process which has the advantage of a better surface quality compared with commonly used dry etching methods. Furthermore, fabrication time and cost is cut down greatly. The surface of the designed waveguide can be functionalized with antibodies to immobilize specific bacteria on it. After surface functionalization and incubation with E. coli solutions of different concentrations, the waveguides absorption was measured. The results demonstrate that the waveguide is sensitive to E. coli concentration changes. In addition, tapers were designed and added to the waveguide to relieve the alignment tolerance for the aim of making a plug-and-play bedside diagnostic system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1183 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Robust 3D- and Inkjet-Printed Capacitive Position Sensor for a Spectrometer Application

by Lisa-Marie Faller and Hubert Zangl

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1082; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131082 - 19 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1330

Abstract

For the considered application of a Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectrometer, a functional package and an inkjet-printed capacitive position sensor are built. The package is made of 3D-printed copper. The copper is then coated with insulator onto which inkjet-printed silver electrodes are subsequently [...] Read more.

For the considered application of a Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectrometer, a functional package and an inkjet-printed capacitive position sensor are built. The package is made of 3D-printed copper. The copper is then coated with insulator onto which inkjet-printed silver electrodes are subsequently applied. The whole structure builds up a capacitive position sensor. The target application is to measure the position of an electrostatically actuated Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) mirror with nanometer accuracy at high bandwidths and large position offset. The MEMS mirror is part of a Michelson interferometer setup and driven at resonance. The large oscillation amplitude and high required resolution at resonance of the MEMS mirror are also the reason for high demands on the position measurement. Robustness against disturbing frequencies is assured by employment of a carrier-frequency read-out structure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 637 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Contactless Sleep Monitoring Measurement Setup

by Frederico Lima, Almothana Albukhari, Rui Zhu and Ulrich Mescheder

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1083; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131083 - 20 Nov 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1890

Abstract

In this work, a contactless measurement setup based on a low-cost weighing scale sensor is presented. The positioning of the sensor is a key point in our work with ballistocardiographic (BCG) measurements. This was demonstrated using a strain-gauge sensor placed at the head [...] Read more.

In this work, a contactless measurement setup based on a low-cost weighing scale sensor is presented. The positioning of the sensor is a key point in our work with ballistocardiographic (BCG) measurements. This was demonstrated using a strain-gauge sensor placed at the head of the mattress to record the BCG signals, while an unsupervised machine learning algorithm was implemented to detect respiratory and cardiac cycles from patients laying in different postures. Comparison of BCG with electrocardiography (ECG) has shown the ability to detect, at least, 75% of every single heartbeat with the suggested setup and algorithm irrespective of patient’s postures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 816 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Nonlinear Analytical Model of Two Weakly Coupled MEMS Cantilevers for Mass Sensing Using Electrostatic Actuation

by Toky Rabenimanana, Vincent Walter, Najib Kacem, Patrice Le Moal and Joseph Lardiès

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1084; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131084 - 19 Nov 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1395

Abstract

This paper presents a nonlinear analytical model of MEMS mass sensor, which is composed of two cantilevers of 98 µm and 100 µm length, 20 µm width and 1.3 µm thick. They are connected by a coupling beam and only the shortest cantilever [...] Read more.

This paper presents a nonlinear analytical model of MEMS mass sensor, which is composed of two cantilevers of 98 µm and 100 µm length, 20 µm width and 1.3 µm thick. They are connected by a coupling beam and only the shortest cantilever is actuated by a combined AC-DC voltage. The DC voltage is used to equilibrate the system and the phenomenon of mode localization is investigated when a mass perturbation is applied. The sensor is modeled as a continuous system with beam theory and non-ideal boundary conditions are considered by using flexible supports. With a low AC voltage of 10 mV, a DC voltage of 5.85 V can counterbalance the length difference. This DC voltage decreases at 5.60 V when we increase the AC voltage, due to the effect of electrostatic nonlinearities. For a relative added mass of 0.1%, the amplitude change in the two cantilevers is more important when the coupling is weaker. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 526 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Electrochemical Immunosensor for NT-proBNP Detection in Artificial Human Saliva: Heart Failure Biomedical Application

by Elkahina Ghedir, Abdoullatif Baraket, Souad Kouchar, Selma Rabai, Messaoud Benounis, Albert Alcacer, Angelos Streklas, Joan Bausells, Nadia Zine, Nicole Jaffrezic and Abdelhamid Errachid

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1085; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131085 - 20 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1687

Abstract

Monitoring of circulating N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) biomarkers is crucial for the diagnosis of people suffering from heart failure (HF). In this work, we describe a novel ultra-sensitive NT-proBNP immunosensor for NT-proBNP detection in artificial human saliva. The surface of the developed immunosensor based [...] Read more.

Monitoring of circulating N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) biomarkers is crucial for the diagnosis of people suffering from heart failure (HF). In this work, we describe a novel ultra-sensitive NT-proBNP immunosensor for NT-proBNP detection in artificial human saliva. The surface of the developed immunosensor based on gold working microelectrodes (WEs) was biofunctionalized through carboxyl diazonium to immobilize anti-NT-proBNP antibodies. The chemical surface modification of WEs was carried out by cyclic voltammetery CV whilst the quantification of NT-proBNP biomarkers was made by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The immunosensor has demonstrated a linear detection response within the range 1–20 pg/mL for NTproBNP detection in artificial human saliva with a good selectivity in the presence of other interferences. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 417 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Solid State Gas Sensor Based on Polyaniline Doped with [3,3′-Co(1,2-C2B9H11)2]⁻¹ for Detection of Acetone: Diagnostic to Heart Failure Disease

by Abhishek Sonu, Abdoullatif Baraket, Selim Boudjaoui, Juan Gallardo, Nadia Zine, Monique Sigaud, Marie Hangouet, Albert Alcácer, Angelos Streklas, Joan Bausells and Abdelhamid Errachid

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1086; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131086 - 3 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1529

Abstract

Acetone in human breath has been regarded as the important disease marker of Heart failure (HF). Therefore, preliminary study has been carried out for the use chemical sensor based on Polyaniline doped with [3,3′-Co(1,2-C2B9H11)2]⁻¹ anion (PANI/COSANE) for the detection and quantification of [...] Read more.

Acetone in human breath has been regarded as the important disease marker of Heart failure (HF). Therefore, preliminary study has been carried out for the use chemical sensor based on Polyaniline doped with [3,3′-Co(1,2-C2B9H11)2]⁻¹ anion (PANI/COSANE) for the detection and quantification of acetone in human breath. This chemical sensor was prepared by Galvano-statically growing a polymeric layer based on PANI/COSANE and PANI/Nitrate by electrochemical polymerization onto the two different interdigitated gold microelectrodes on a silicon chip surface using cyclic voltammetry. Measurement of change in conductance due to the presence of acetone in its vicinity at room temperature (20–25 °C) is performed in differential configuration mode using Lock-in amplifier. The developed acetone sensor has been calibrated under different acetone atmospheres using a Lock-in amplifier. This novel Acetone micro sensor showed good response, recovery, and stability for the detection of acetone in the range of 1 ppm–8 ppm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 396 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Integrated Microprisms Matrix for Coupling a Laser Beam in Microfluidic Systems

by Aleksandra Pokrzywnicka and Rafał Walczak

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1087; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131087 - 12 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1008

Abstract

It is still a challenge to integrate the optoelectronic technology in microfluidic analytical systems, due to the complex alignment of the optical components within the microchip, or expensive and complicated methods of their fabrication. In this paper, inexpensive, glass microprisms matrix, with high [...] Read more.

It is still a challenge to integrate the optoelectronic technology in microfluidic analytical systems, due to the complex alignment of the optical components within the microchip, or expensive and complicated methods of their fabrication. In this paper, inexpensive, glass microprisms matrix, with high quality surface and precise 54.7° reflection angle is presented. Fabrication and integration of optical components into the substrate is done using conventional microfabrication techniques such as soft lithography and anode bonding. The results of beam intensity measurements propagating within the glass substrate are presented, showing the possibility of controlled coupling of the beam into the substrate using integrated glass optical structures for microfluidic systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 597 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Creep Compensation in an Electrostatic PDMS-Membrane Actuator with Flexible Silver Nanowire Electrodes

by Stefan Schierle, Nils Straub, Peter Woias and Frank Goldschmidtboeing

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1088; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131088 - 11 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1281

Abstract

An electrostatic membrane actuator with an elastomer membrane as movable part and silver nanowires (AgNWs) as flexible electrode material is built and characterized. A layered and modular actuator design facilitates simple and fast modification of actuator properties for characterization purposes. The tested actuators [...] Read more.

An electrostatic membrane actuator with an elastomer membrane as movable part and silver nanowires (AgNWs) as flexible electrode material is built and characterized. A layered and modular actuator design facilitates simple and fast modification of actuator properties for characterization purposes. The tested actuators allow a membrane center deflection in the range of over 50 μm with applied voltages lower than 1 kV. The observable membrane center deflection exhibits a viscoelastic creep behavior. With the aim to achieve a more stable membrane deflection, a simple correction function was applied to the constant electrode voltage thus compensating the linear creep rate. With this method, the creep rate was changed from +0.27 μm/s to −0.08 μm/s. This method already improves the stability of the actuator deflection to a high degree. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 750 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Membrane Deflection and Stress in Thermal Flow Sensors

by Claudio Falco, Ethan L. W. Gardner, Andrea De Luca, Nicolas André, Laurent A. Francis and Florin Udrea

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1089; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131089 - 11 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1225

Abstract

The effect of membrane deflection has been investigated for thermal flow sensors. Catastrophic membrane breakage is a common occurrence in membrane based thermal flow sensors due to thermal expansion and internal stresses. This work analyses three sensors comprising a tungsten heater embedded in [...] Read more.

The effect of membrane deflection has been investigated for thermal flow sensors. Catastrophic membrane breakage is a common occurrence in membrane based thermal flow sensors due to thermal expansion and internal stresses. This work analyses three sensors comprising a tungsten heater embedded in buried oxide membrane with a silicon nitride passivation layer, the use of back etching creates a cavity underneath to reduce the thermal conduction. The investigation is done using interferometry to measure the membrane shape at room and operating temperature for three membranes of different sizes. As expected, the deflection increases with temperature up to 15 µm at operating temperature and with the reduction of membrane size the deflection is reduced to a minimum of 3 µm for the smallest membrane. The lower deflection measured in devices with a smaller cavity can be related to a reduced internal stress, improving the long term stability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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6 pages, 656 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Ultrasound Measurement Technique for Validation of Cryogenic Flows

by David Becker, Robert Schmidt, Gerhard Lindner and Klaus Stefan Drese

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1090; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131090 - 11 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1933

Abstract

An ultrasound sensor system based on the transmission-mode approach is developed to enable the monitoring and sensing of cryogenic liquids and gases—especially gaseous bubbles and gas-liquid interfaces in liquid nitrogen (LN₂). Common sensors do not meet requirements of cryogenic and [...] Read more.

An ultrasound sensor system based on the transmission-mode approach is developed to enable the monitoring and sensing of cryogenic liquids and gases—especially gaseous bubbles and gas-liquid interfaces in liquid nitrogen (LN₂). Common sensors do not meet requirements of cryogenic and microgravity-environments. Therefore, a special encapsulation design for the optimization of the electrical connection and the mechanical coupling of the ultrasound sensors is needed. The ultrasound system is qualified in LN₂ and is able to measure bubbles (size and location) and fill levels with a high spatial resolution in a submillimetre range and a sampling rate of more than 500 Hz. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 734 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Miniature Twist/Rotation Fabry Perot Sensor Based on a Four-Core Fiber

by Vedran Budinski and Denis Donlagic

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1091; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131091 - 11 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1098

Abstract

This paper presents a miniature Fabry Perot twist/rotation sensor. The presented sensor consists of a single lead-in multicore fiber, which has four eccentrically positioned cores, a special asymmetrical microstructure, similar to a truncated cylinder, and an inline semi reflective mirror, all packed in [...] Read more.

This paper presents a miniature Fabry Perot twist/rotation sensor. The presented sensor consists of a single lead-in multicore fiber, which has four eccentrically positioned cores, a special asymmetrical microstructure, similar to a truncated cylinder, and an inline semi reflective mirror, all packed in a glass capillary housing. The perpendicular cut lead-in multicore fiber and the inline semi reflective mirror form four Fabry-Perot cavities. The optical path length of each Fabry-Perot interferometer is defined by the distance between mirrors, refractive index and twist/rotation angle of the microstructure in relation to the core positions in the lead in multicore fiber. Optical paths of Fabry-Perot Interferometers are modulated by a structure’s twist/rotation, change of structure length, or change of temperature. Each of these parameters modulate the optical path length of the individual interferometers in their own separate fashion, thus allowing independent measurements of twist/rotation, length/strain and temperature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 436 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Investigation of a Nonlinear Vibrational Energy Harvester in the Stochastic Resonance Regime

by Bruno Andò, Salvatore Baglio, Adi R. Bulsara and Vincenzo Marletta

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1092; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131092 - 7 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1214

Abstract

In this paper the possibility to exploit advantageously the Stochastic Resonance phenomenon in a Nonlinear Energy Harvester to scavenge energy from wide band mechanical vibrations is experimentally demonstrated. The device is demonstrated to be capable of scavenging energy in case of a subthreshold [...] Read more.

In this paper the possibility to exploit advantageously the Stochastic Resonance phenomenon in a Nonlinear Energy Harvester to scavenge energy from wide band mechanical vibrations is experimentally demonstrated. The device is demonstrated to be capable of scavenging energy in case of a subthreshold sinusoidal vibration and a wideband noise (limited at 100 Hz) superimposed. The existence of an optimal value of the noise intensity maximizing the switching ratio of the bistable beam, then the performances, is experimentally demonstrated. The harvester is observed to generate power up to about 60 µW and 150 µW in case of a subthreshold sinusoidal input at 1 Hz and 3 Hz with a superimposed noise limited at 100 Hz. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 643 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Highly Sensitive Impedimetric Metamitron Microsensor Based on All-Solid-State Membrane Using a New Ion-Pair Complex, [3,3′-Co(1,2-closo-C₂B₉H₁₁)₂]⁻[C₁₀H₁₁ON₄]⁺

by Zakaria Ayroud, Juan Gallardo-Gonzalez, Abdoullatif Baraket, Marie Hangouet, Albert Alcácer, Angelos Streklas, Joan Bausells, Abdelhamid Errachid and Nadia Zine

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1093; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131093 - 11 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1564

Abstract

An all-solid-state impedimetric microsensor based on impedimetric measurements for detecting the herbicide metamitron (MM) is reported in the present work. For this purpose, a novel metamitron ionophore has been prepared. It was based on the isolation of the metamitron monoprotonated form coupled to [...] Read more.

An all-solid-state impedimetric microsensor based on impedimetric measurements for detecting the herbicide metamitron (MM) is reported in the present work. For this purpose, a novel metamitron ionophore has been prepared. It was based on the isolation of the metamitron monoprotonated form coupled to the metallocarborane anion, cobalt bis (dicarbollide), ([3,3′-Co(1,2-closo-C₂B₉H₁₁)₂]⁻) as an ion-pair complex of the type [3,3′-Co(1,2-closo-C₂B₉H₁₁)₂]⁻[C₁₀H₁₁ON₄]+. Once the ion-pair complex was synthetized, it was incorporated to a PVC-type membrane including o-Nitrophenyloctylether (o-NPOE) as plasticizer. The membrane was then drop-cast on top of polypyrrole-modified gold working microelectrodes. A quick response of 30 s has been provided by the microsensor in the range of metamitron concentrations between 10⁻⁸ M and 10⁻⁴ M with a limit of detection of 10⁻⁸ M. Furthermore, it was highly selective toward metamitron, when compared to some possible interfering compounds as imazapic and carbetamide. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 853 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

An Add-On Electronic Device to Upgrade Mechanical Gas Meters into Electronic Ones

by Edgar Ripoll-Vercellone, Vicent Ferrandiz and Manel Gasulla

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1094; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131094 - 13 Dec 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1326

Abstract

Smart utilities enable more efficient energy consumption and distribution and are the key for smart homes development. We propose an electronic device that will be integrated as an add-on to already installed conventional gas meters as a first stage of smart metering rollout. [...] Read more.

Smart utilities enable more efficient energy consumption and distribution and are the key for smart homes development. We propose an electronic device that will be integrated as an add-on to already installed conventional gas meters as a first stage of smart metering rollout. The electronic device will measure the gas consumption and it will be managed by the user’s or operator’s smartphone via NFC. For the gas flow measurement, the electronic device takes advantage of the rotation of a permanent magnet fixed in an index drum. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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2 pages, 250 KiB

Open AccessExtended Abstract

Miniature, All-Silica, Fiber Optics Sensors Produced by Selective Etching of Phosphorus Doped Silica Glass

by Simon Pevec, Borut Lenardic and Denis Donlagic

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1095; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131095 - 7 Dec 2018

Viewed by 899

Abstract

All-silica optical fiber structures created at the tip, within or along optical fibers can provide unique opportunities for a design of temperature insensitive [...]
Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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2 pages, 358 KiB

Open AccessExtended Abstract

Advanced Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors for Photonic Quantum Technologies

by Jean-Michel Gérard, Anna Mukhtarova, Luca Redaelli, Houssaine Machhadani, Eva Monroy and Val Zwiller

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1096; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131096 - 18 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1344

Abstract

In the field of quantum technologies, the superconducting nanowire single photon detector [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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3 pages, 205 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Sensing Catalytic Converters and Filters at Work Using Radio Frequencies

by Ralf Moos, Stefanie Walter, Carsten Steiner and Gunter Hagen

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1101; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131101 - 18 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1829

Abstract

The state of catalysts and filters plays a key role in automotive exhaust gas aftertreatment. The soot or ash loading of particulate filters (GPF or DPF), the oxygen loading of three-way catalysts (TWC), the amount of stored ammonia in SCR catalysts, or the [...] Read more.

The state of catalysts and filters plays a key role in automotive exhaust gas aftertreatment. The soot or ash loading of particulate filters (GPF or DPF), the oxygen loading of three-way catalysts (TWC), the amount of stored ammonia in SCR catalysts, or the NO_x loading degree in NOx storage catalysts (NSC) are important parameters. Today, they are determined indirectly based on models that are calibrated by gas or pressure sensors in the exhaust pipe. This contribution overviews a novel approach that determines directly the state of the devices by a radio frequency based technique. For that purpose, the housing of the devices serves as a cavity resonator. As “sensing” element, one or two simple antennas are mounted in the catalyst canning. This contactless-obtained information correlates very well with the catalyst or filter state. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

2 pages, 273 KiB

Open AccessExtended Abstract

Development of Space Magnetometers in Austria

by Werner Magnes, Roland Lammegger, Martin Agú, Christoph Amtmann, Özer Aydogar, Magda Delva, Michaela Ellmeier, David Fischer, Christian Hagen, Irmgard Jernej, Stefan Leitner, Andreas Pollinger and Aris Valavanoglou

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1104; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131104 - 12 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1223

Abstract

With spaceborne magnetic field measurements it is possible to investigate the interior of planets,
moons and asteroids which have either an intrinsic or a crustal magnetic field. Furthermore, precise
knowledge of the magnetic field is essential to derive fundamental information about the
environment [...] Read more.

With spaceborne magnetic field measurements it is possible to investigate the interior of planets,
moons and asteroids which have either an intrinsic or a crustal magnetic field. Furthermore, precise
knowledge of the magnetic field is essential to derive fundamental information about the
environment surrounding different bodies in the solar system as well as to explore the interplanetary
space. [...]
Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 523 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Enhancing the Sensitivity of SMS Fiber Sensors by the Use of High Refractive Index Coatings

by Thulio Vette, Gustavo Burns, Renato Bellini, Sergio S. Camargo, Jr., Carolina V. S. Borges, Bruno Rente, Kenneth Grattan and Maria A. G. Martinez

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1106; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131106 - 7 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1751

Abstract

This paper presents a study on the behavior of single-mode/multimode/single-mode sensors with diamond-like carbon coating of high refractive index. Spectra and response for different values of the external medium refractive index are recorded and analyzed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 429 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Optimized Multimode Interference Fiber Based Refractometer in A Reflective Interrogation Scheme

by Renato Bellini, Carolina V. S. Borges, Bruno Rente and Maria A. G. Martinez

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1107; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131107 - 10 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1464

Abstract

A fiber based refractometer in a reflective interrogation scheme is investigated and optimized. A thin gold film was deposited on the tip of a coreless fiber section, which is spliced with a single mode fiber. The coreless fiber is a multimode waveguide, and [...] Read more.

A fiber based refractometer in a reflective interrogation scheme is investigated and optimized. A thin gold film was deposited on the tip of a coreless fiber section, which is spliced with a single mode fiber. The coreless fiber is a multimode waveguide, and the observed effects are due to multimode interference. To investigate and optimize the structure, the multimode part of the sensor is built with 3 different lengths: 58 mm, 29 mm and 17 mm. We use a broadband light source ranging from 1475 nm to 1650 nm and we test the sensors with liquids of varying refractive indices, from 1.333 to 1.438. Our results show that for a fixed wavelength, the sensor sensitivity is independent of the multimode fiber length, but we observed a sensitivity increase of approximately 0.7 nm/RIU for a one-nanometer increase in wavelength. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 666 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Detection of Ammonia Based on Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels

by Jan Erfkamp, Margarita Guenther and Gerald Gerlach

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1109; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131109 - 7 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1144

Abstract

This article describes an ammonia-responsive hydrogel based on acrylic acid (AAc) and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). The influence of the hydrogel composition on swelling behavior in the alkaline range was shown. Furthermore, the hydrogel swelling in ammonia solutions was tested and a detection limit [...] Read more.

This article describes an ammonia-responsive hydrogel based on acrylic acid (AAc) and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). The influence of the hydrogel composition on swelling behavior in the alkaline range was shown. Furthermore, the hydrogel swelling in ammonia solutions was tested and a detection limit in the range of 1 mmol/L ammonia in dependence of the buffer solution was determined. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1355 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Glass Microfluidic Device

by Yiyang Liang, Yoko Shinozaki and Hiromasa Yagyu

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1110; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131110 - 7 Dec 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1369

Abstract

In a synthesis of gold nanoparticles on a microfluidic device by citrate reduction, a particle size control by changing a flow rate was reported. To apply this simple control method to the synthesis of other metallic materials, we propose the synthesis of copper [...] Read more.

In a synthesis of gold nanoparticles on a microfluidic device by citrate reduction, a particle size control by changing a flow rate was reported. To apply this simple control method to the synthesis of other metallic materials, we propose the synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) in ethylene glycol by the microfluidic device using ascorbic acid as both antioxidant and reducing agent. The experimental results found for the first time that the effect of the flow rate of agents on particle size of the synthesized CuNPs in the device. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 547 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Rain Drop Counting Measurement Sensor with Energy Harvesting Technology of Water Motion

by Soon-Hyung Kwon and Won Keun Kim

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1393; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131393 - 19 Feb 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1510

Abstract

The damage caused by localized heavy rains has been increasing in recent years, but it is difficult to find ways to protect people and property through existing rainfall measuring devices. This study applied energy harvesting technology through water movement as a sensor technology [...] Read more.

The damage caused by localized heavy rains has been increasing in recent years, but it is difficult to find ways to protect people and property through existing rainfall measuring devices. This study applied energy harvesting technology through water movement as a sensor technology to monitor instantaneous water bombing phenomenon such as guerrilla storm concentrated in a small area. Water motion active transducer (WMAT) is an energy harvesting device that uses an electric double layer formed when water and a specific polymer are in contact with each other. Transient electron transfer between electrodes formed under the polymer is a main cause of AC peak formation. Measuring the AC peak formed when a raindrop drops onto the surface of the sensor can be used to measure the number of raindrop drops per second. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 873 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A New Integrated Multi-Pathogen In Situ Detection Platform Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

by Karlheinz Kellner, Jörg Ettenauer and Martin Brandl

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1506; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131506 - 13 Dec 2018

Viewed by 2001

Abstract

Scientists are always searching for inventions and developing new methods for the detection of pathogenic bacteria in drinking water. Some of those techniques are based on electrochemical reactions, performed by a device called potentiostat. For in situ analysis, there is a high demand [...] Read more.

Scientists are always searching for inventions and developing new methods for the detection of pathogenic bacteria in drinking water. Some of those techniques are based on electrochemical reactions, performed by a device called potentiostat. For in situ analysis, there is a high demand for hardware efficient instruments with a customized set of requirements including Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. Therefore, we developed the ‘EcoStat’ device. As outcome of further developments, we demonstrate the successful implementation of an EIS feature and a multiplexing unit to achieve a detection platform for multiple pathogens. We present results performed on a simplified Randles Cell model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 1458 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Highly Integrated and Mobile Sensor System for Dissolved Organic Matter in Stream Ecosystems

by Thomas Posnicek, Gabriele Weigelhofer, Alexander Eder and Martin Brandl

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1507; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131507 - 18 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1958

Abstract

The impact of agricultural land use on the composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its effects on the aquatic carbon cycle are still largely unknown. A sensor for dissolved DOM in stream ecosystems based on fluorescence measurement was developed. It’s an easy [...] Read more.

The impact of agricultural land use on the composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its effects on the aquatic carbon cycle are still largely unknown. A sensor for dissolved DOM in stream ecosystems based on fluorescence measurement was developed. It’s an easy to use handheld optical system for online monitoring of DOM under field-conditions. For the determination of DOM two indices are used, namely the freshness index (BIX) and the fluorescence index (FIX). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 620 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Enhanced Sensing Performance of Integrated Gas Sensor Devices

by Ayoub Lahlalia, Olivier Le Neel, Ravi Shankar, Siegfried Selberherr and Lado Filipovic

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1508; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131508 - 7 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1790

Abstract

Semiconducting metal oxide (SMO) gas sensors, dedicated to wearable devices were designed, fabricated, and characterized in terms of power consumption, thermal distribution, and sensing capability. The sensors demonstrate a sensitivity down to ppb-level VOC concentrations at a low power consumption of 10.5 mW. [...] Read more.

Semiconducting metal oxide (SMO) gas sensors, dedicated to wearable devices were designed, fabricated, and characterized in terms of power consumption, thermal distribution, and sensing capability. The sensors demonstrate a sensitivity down to ppb-level VOC concentrations at a low power consumption of 10.5 mW. To further enhance the baseline stability and sensing response characteristics at low power consumption, a new sensor structure is proposed. The design implements novel aspects in terms of fabrication and microheater geometry, leading to improved sensor performance which enables new applications for SMO gas sensors. In this work, two designs were analyzed using experimental characterization and simulation. The results of the analyses of the two sensors are comparatively reported. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 794 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

3D Printed Flowmeter Based on Venturi Effect with Integrated Pressure Sensors

by Krzysztof Adamski, Bartosz Kawa and Rafał Walczak

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1509; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131509 - 21 Dec 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3071

Abstract

In this paper we present a 3D printed flow meter based on venturri effect. Dimensions of the microchannels are 800 µm for wider and 400 µm for thinker channel. Application of different type of sensors was investigated: differential, absolute and digital barometer. Results [...] Read more.

In this paper we present a 3D printed flow meter based on venturri effect. Dimensions of the microchannels are 800 µm for wider and 400 µm for thinker channel. Application of different type of sensors was investigated: differential, absolute and digital barometer. Results of measurement of differential pressure and calculation of liquid flow are shown. Presented microfluidics device can be also easy adapted for modular systems. Presented flow meter is the first integration of commercial available sensors and 3D printed microfluidics structure in a single chip. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 956 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design of a Wind Sensor Based on Cylinder Diametrical Pressure Differences for Boundary Layer Meteorological Observation

by Zhan Zhao, Yichen Pan, Rongjian Zhao, Lidong Du, Zhen Fang, Hong Wu and Xianghua Niu

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1511; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131511 - 10 Dec 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1200

Abstract

Wind speed and direction are important parameters in meteorological observation. Solid wind sensor has needed with small Quadcopter for boundary layer meteorological observation. In this paper the principle of a cylindrical two-dimensional wind sensor is reported by analyzing the data from wind tunnel [...] Read more.

Wind speed and direction are important parameters in meteorological observation. Solid wind sensor has needed with small Quadcopter for boundary layer meteorological observation. In this paper the principle of a cylindrical two-dimensional wind sensor is reported by analyzing the data from wind tunnel experiments. A model is proposed to describe the distribution of the pressure difference across a diameter of a cylinder and the wind sensor is fabricated with MEMS differential pressure sensors. In wind tunnel tests in range of 1~40 m/s, the relative speed measuring errors and the direction measuring errors of the prototype are no more than ±(0.2 + 0.03 V) m/s and 5° respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 657 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Towards the Monolithic Integration of Converter Circuitry and Piezoelectric MEMS Energy Harvesters

by Marcos Duque, Edgardo Leon-Salguero, Jordi Sacristán, Jaume Esteve and Gonzalo Murillo

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1512; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131512 - 7 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1426

Abstract

One of the main difficulties for a global implantation of the Internet of Things (IoT) is the energy dependence of the nodes, limited by the battery’s lifetime. Energy harvesting seems to be a promising solution to provide energy autonomy to IoT nodes. Power [...] Read more.

One of the main difficulties for a global implantation of the Internet of Things (IoT) is the energy dependence of the nodes, limited by the battery’s lifetime. Energy harvesting seems to be a promising solution to provide energy autonomy to IoT nodes. Power management circuits are needed to collect and store the charges scavenged form the ambient sources. In addition, this circuit needs to adapt the output voltage to power the wireless sensor node. Because of the typical heterogeneity of the system, the cost and difficulties associated to the encapsulation of the CMOS chip and the energy harvester can be important. They could be reduced by using a monolithic integration of both parts in a single chip or package. In this work, we propose a fully monolithically integrated system comprised by a power management circuit, a piezoelectric microgenerator and a storage capacitor. With this solution, which combines MEMS and CMOS technologies, we pave the way to the future development of autonomous smart dust. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 1126 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A New Method for 2D Materials Properties Modulation by Controlled Induced Mechanical Strain

by Imrich Gablech, Jan Pekárek, Jaroslav Klempa, Petr Vyroubal, Vojtěch Svatoš and And Pavel Neužil

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1513; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131513 - 7 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1540

Abstract

This paper proposes a new method for characterization of 2D materials under the precisely specified conditions. It is achieved by integration of a 2D material as a field effect transistors structures with a piezoelectric resonator. Properties of the 2D material can be mechanically [...] Read more.

This paper proposes a new method for characterization of 2D materials under the precisely specified conditions. It is achieved by integration of a 2D material as a field effect transistors structures with a piezoelectric resonator. Properties of the 2D material can be mechanically adjusted by the resonator. It results in the independent and precise control of an amplitude of induced mechanical strain, its modulating frequency, which all influence the 2D material properties. The electrical field required to measure 2D material field effect transistors will not be affected by the vibrations, thus giving us a chance to perform the precise measurement of the electrical properties of the 2D material. This approach has a great potential for measuring and monitoring cells, enzymes, nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid. It can be also used for measurement of toxic, combustive or waste gases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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5 pages, 573 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Energy Income Estimation for Solar Cell Powered Wireless Sensor Nodes

by Philipp Mehne, Dominik Leclerc and Peter Woias

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1514; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131514 - 11 Jan 2019

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1484

Abstract

Solar cells are one common choice to power energy-autonomous wireless sensor nodes (WSNs). There are different approaches to improve their service and reliability via solar energy prediction algorithms, to allow the WSN to “know” about the future energy income All these algorithms require [...] Read more.

Solar cells are one common choice to power energy-autonomous wireless sensor nodes (WSNs). There are different approaches to improve their service and reliability via solar energy prediction algorithms, to allow the WSN to “know” about the future energy income All these algorithms require information on the energy income of the sensor node obtained e.g., via separate measurements of light intensity or via monitoring the current flow to the WSNs energy storage. Here, we present a method to determine the energy income via temporarily switching the PV cell’s input current to a capacitor for determining the energy income by the accumulated charge. The data are compared to measurements with a pyranometer. This system provides advantages with respect to the consideration of the multiple different losses in the WSNs power management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 363 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Capacitive Contact Sensor on an Elastic Polymer Sheet

by Herbert Enser, Christina Offenzeller, Marcel Knoll, Wolfgang Hilber and Bernhard Jakoby

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1515; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131515 - 13 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1592

Abstract

There is an increasing need for embedded sensors integrated into parts and mechanical components, which are often polymer based. We investigated a solution to print capacitive sensors onto elastic polymer sheets to monitor the physical contact with other adjacent components. The capacitive sensors [...] Read more.

There is an increasing need for embedded sensors integrated into parts and mechanical components, which are often polymer based. We investigated a solution to print capacitive sensors onto elastic polymer sheets to monitor the physical contact with other adjacent components. The capacitive sensors are oriented in an array across the surface of said sheet to monitor the contact and the distance to a neighboring electrically conductive object. In the particularly investigated setup, the sheet is embedded between to metallic (aluminum) plates and the capacitance of the sensor is changed due to the compression of the dielectric material between the interdigital fingers constituting the sensor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 885 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Chemiresistive Properties of a Novel Composite Comprised of ITO-Nanoparticles and 1,8-Diaminooctane

by Mahdi Samadi Khoshkhoo, Susann Rabe, Marcus Scheele and Yvonne Joseph

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1516; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131516 - 18 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1591

Abstract

Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO) nanoparticles have been cross-linked with organic 1,8-Diaminooctane (C8A) molecules. The network has been prepared by layer-by-layer self-assembly on substrates with interdigitated electrodes and their sensing properties were studied with vapors of toluene, 1-propanol, water, and 4-methyl-2-pentanone. We demonstrated that the network [...] Read more.

Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO) nanoparticles have been cross-linked with organic 1,8-Diaminooctane (C8A) molecules. The network has been prepared by layer-by-layer self-assembly on substrates with interdigitated electrodes and their sensing properties were studied with vapors of toluene, 1-propanol, water, and 4-methyl-2-pentanone. We demonstrated that the network based chemiresistor shows sensing properties towards volatile organic compounds (VOC). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 584 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Thermoelectric Microsensor Based on Ultrathin Si Films

by Gustavo Gonçalves Dalkiranis, Pablo Ferrando-Villalba, Aitor Lopeandía-Fernández, Llibertat Abad-Muñoz and Javier Rodriguez-Viejo

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1517; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131517 - 7 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1127

Abstract

We show the use as a thermal photosensor of a thermoelectric (TE) microsensor based on ultrathin suspended Si films. The reduced thickness of the structural films enhances the extremely large thermal insulation of the sensing area (~43 µW/K), since phonons scatter in the [...] Read more.

We show the use as a thermal photosensor of a thermoelectric (TE) microsensor based on ultrathin suspended Si films. The reduced thickness of the structural films enhances the extremely large thermal insulation of the sensing area (~43 µW/K), since phonons scatter in the surfaces, and guarantees a reduced thermal mass (in the µJ/K range). The sensitivity of the device is evaluated by heating with an argon laser (λ = 457 nm) in the range 0–10 mW, reaching sensitivities of around 6 × 10⁸ V/(W·m²) in high vacuum conditions and 5 × 10⁷ V/(W·m²) in environments of air at atmospheric pressure. Open circuit voltage measurements with and without light illumination with a 406 nm diode laser operating at 4 mW were conducted at temperature differences up to 50 K between the central hot region and the Si frame. The slight decrease of the Seebeck coefficient is related to the increase of carriers by photogeneration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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4 pages, 330 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Microfabricated Au-Film Sensors for the Voltammetric Determination of Hg(II)

by Maria Tsetsoni, Eleni Roditi, Christos Kokkinos and Anastasios Economou

Proceedings 2018, 2(13), 1518; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131518 - 7 Dec 2018

Viewed by 1139

Abstract

In this work, a microfabricated Au-film sensor was designed and fabricated for the
voltammmetric determination of Hg(II). The electrode was fabricated on a silicon chip with a
standard microengineering approach utilizing photolithography for patterning the electrode shape
and sputtering for deposition of thin [...] Read more.

In this work, a microfabricated Au-film sensor was designed and fabricated for the
voltammmetric determination of Hg(II). The electrode was fabricated on a silicon chip with a
standard microengineering approach utilizing photolithography for patterning the electrode shape
and sputtering for deposition of thin Cr and Au films on the surface of the sensors. The sensors
were used for the determination of trace Hg(II) with anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV): initially
Hg(II) in the sample was accumulated on the Au working electrode surface by reduction and
formation of an Au(Hg) amalgam followed by oxidation of the preconcentrated metallic Hg using a
square wave voltammetric scan. The limit of detection was 1.5μgL−1 and the coefficient of variation
of 10 consecutive measurements was 3.1%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EUROSENSORS 2018)

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