Submit to Catalysts Review for Catalysts Propose a Special Issue

Journal Browser

Catalysis for Selective Hydrogenation of CO and CO₂

Special Issue Editors
Special Issue Information
Keywords
Related Special Issue
Published Papers

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Catalysis for Sustainable Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 21107

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Zhong-Wen Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
Interests: heterogeneous catalysis; Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; dry reforming of methane; carbon dioxide hydrogenation; oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes with carbon dioxide
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The heterogeneously catalytic hydrogenation of CO & CO₂ to hydrocarbons or oxygenates is one of the most important directions in the domain of C1 chemistry & chemical engineering. In the last several decades, significant progresses have been achieved in advancing the catalysis science and promoting the development of the pertinent and related industrial processes. However, controlling the selectivity of the targeted products, e.g., different hydrocarbons or grouped hydrocarbons such as lower olefins, is still a great challenge. Moreover, the rational design and/or the precise preparation of high-performance catalysts are still important issues, which require more attention. At the same time, carbon neutrality and the potential rise of green hydrogen have led to renewed interest in the hydrogenation of CO₂ as a cheap carbon source. Thus, this Special Issue of Catalysts refers to the progress and innovations in the aspects of catalyst design/development and mechanistic understandings on the selective synthesis of hydrocarbons or oxygenates. Both review and original research articles on the hydrogenation of CO & CO₂ are welcomed, with topics including but not limited to the following:

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis;
CO and/or CO₂ methanation;
Hydrogenation of CO and/or CO₂ to olefins;
Hydrogenation of CO and/or CO₂ to aromatics;
Selective synthesis of oxygenates such as DME and alcohols;
New tandem process coupled with the hydrogenation of CO and/or CO₂.

Prof. Dr. Zhong-Wen Liu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Catalysts is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

carbon monoxide
carbon dioxide
hydrogenation
hydrocarbons
oxygenates
heterogeneous catalysis

Related Special Issue

Catalysis for Selective Hydrogenation of CO and CO₂, 2nd Edition in Catalysts (2 articles)

Published Papers (12 papers)

Download All Papers

Research

Jump to: Review

13 pages, 4608 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sodium Promoted FeZn@SiO₂-C Catalysts for Sustainable Production of Low Olefins by CO₂ Hydrogenation

by Zhijiang Ni, Mingxing Cai, Shiyu Zhong, Xiaoyu Chen, Hanyu Shen and Lin Su

Catalysts 2023, 13(12), 1508; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13121508 - 12 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1098

Abstract

A prepared FeZnNa@SiO₂-C catalyst with graphitized carbon (C)-modified mesoporous SiO₂ supports metal nanoparticles with the sol–gel method. The effect of adding metal Na and Zn promoters as a dispersion on the CO₂ hydrogenation to low olefins was systematically studied. The results showed that Zn–Na, as a combination, could promote the absorption of CO₂ and improved the conversion rate of CO₂. Na as an alkaline substance can improve the absorption of more acidic CO₂, which could increase the conversion rate of CO₂ to 59.03%. Meanwhile, the addition of secondary metal Zn to Fe-based catalysts to form a surface alloy could alter the adsorption of CO₂ and the activation of C-O bonds, inhibit the subsequent hydrogenation of olefins to paraffins, and facilitate the reduction of Fe₂O₃ and the formation of active Fe₅C₂ species. The formation of active Fe₅C₂ species was found in TEM and XRD, and the selectivity of the target product was 41.07%. The deep hydrogenation of olefins was inhibited, and the space–time yield (STY) of low olefins was raised again by inhibiting their deep hydrogenations, up to 0.0436. However, the corresponding STY did not increase infinitely with the increase of Na doping, and higher catalytic performance for CO₂ hydrogenation could be exhibited when the Na doping reached 6.4%. Compared with Fe@SiO₂-C catalyst, Na- and Zn-promoted Fe-based catalysts, prepared by the modified sol-gel method, can be used directly for highly efficient CO₂ hydrogenation to low olefins and thus has a more promising application prospect in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for Selective Hydrogenation of CO and CO₂)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

19 pages, 15652 KiB

Open AccessArticle

CO₂ Hydrogenation over Fe-Co Bimetallic Catalyst Derived from the Thermolysis of [Co(NH₃)₆][Fe(CN)₆]

by Alevtina N. Gosteva, Mayya V. Kulikova, Mikhail I. Ivantsov, Alena A. Grabchak, Yulya P. Semushina, Semen E. Lapuk, Alexander V. Gerasimov and Nikita S. Tsvetov

Catalysts 2023, 13(12), 1475; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13121475 - 28 Nov 2023

Viewed by 1086

Abstract

Reducing the amount of CO₂ in the atmosphere is a very important task. Therefore, the development and search for new approaches to the synthesis of catalytic systems, allowing for the catalytic conversion of CO₂ into valuable products, is an urgent task. In this work, the catalyst was obtained by the thermolysis of a double complex compound. In this regard, kinetic studies of the parameters of the thermolysis process of double complex salts-[Co(NH)₃]₆][Fe(CN)₆] were additionally determined using isoconversion and model approaches of non-isothermal kinetics. The catalyst was studied using various physicochemical methods—X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR)-spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was shown that, at the stage of catalyst preparation, the formation of a CoFe alloy occurred, while the surface mainly consisted of carbon in sp₂-hybridization, and the metals existed in the form of spinel CoFe₂O₄. It was shown that catalysts based on bimetallic salts were active in the process of hydrogenation of carbon dioxide without a pre-activation stage (CO₂ conversion reached 28%, with a specific activity of 4.0 µmolCO₂/gMe·s). It was established that it was possible to change the selectivity of the carbon dioxide hydrogenation process by pre-treating the catalyst with hydrogen (selectivity for methane formation in the presence of an unreduced catalyst is 46.4–68.0%, whereas in the presence of a reduced catalyst it is 5.1–16.5%). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for Selective Hydrogenation of CO and CO₂)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 5649 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thermodynamic Insights into Sustainable Aviation Fuel Synthesis via CO/CO₂ Hydrogenation

by Bin Liang, Qing Zhu, Zibing Wang, Xiaoyu Fan, Xiao Yu, Yu Cui, Chenxi Zhang and Fei Wei

Catalysts 2023, 13(11), 1396; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13111396 - 26 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1745

Abstract

The transformation of CO/CO₂ hydrogenation into high-density sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) represents a promising pathway for carbon emission reduction in the aviation industry but also serves as a method for renewable energy assimilation. However, current hydrocarbon products synthesized through CO/CO₂ often focus on various catalytic paths with high selectivity and high conversion rates rather than the synthesis of SAFs with complex components. This study undertakes a thermodynamic investigation into the direct or indirect synthesis of SAFs from CO/CO₂ hydrogenation. By analyzing the synthesis of seven aviation fuels defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D7566 standard, our study reveals a temperature-dependent reduction in the reaction driving force for all products. Specifically, for CO, ΔG transitions from approximately −88.6 J/(mol·K) at 50 °C to 26.7 J/(mol·K) at 500 °C, with the switch from negative to positive values occurring around 390 °C. Similarly, for CO₂, ΔG values change from approximately −66.7 J/(mol·K) at 50 °C to 37.3 J/(mol·K) at 500 °C, with the transition point around 330 °C. The thermodynamic favorability for various hydrocarbon products synthesized is also examined, highlighting a transition at temperatures of around 250 °C, beyond which the thermodynamic drive for the synthesis of aromatic compounds increasingly surpasses that of cycloparaffin synthesis. Our findings also underscore that the products with a higher aromatic content yield a lower H₂/CO₂ ratio, thus reducing hydrogen consumption. The influence of cycloparaffin and aromatic proportions in the typical SAF products on the ΔG is also explored, revealing that an increase in cycloparaffin content in SAFs slightly elevates the ΔG, whereas an increase in aromatic content significantly reduces ΔG, thereby markedly enhancing the thermodynamic drive of the CO/CO₂ hydrogenation reaction. These findings underscore the thermodynamic preference for synthesizing SAF with a higher proportion of aromatic compounds, shedding light on potential pathways for optimizing fuel synthesis to improve efficiency. Finally, the thermodynamic challenges and potential solutions involved in synthesizing SAFs via specific intermediate compounds are discussed, presenting opportunities for more strategic process schemes in industrial scenarios. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for Selective Hydrogenation of CO and CO₂)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 4922 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Insight into Synergistic Metal-Oxide Interaction in CO₂ Hydrogenation to Methanol over Cu/ZnO/ZrO₂

by Xiao Chang, Xiaohui Zi, Jing Li, Fengdong Liu, Xiaoyu Han, Jiyi Chen, Ziwen Hao, Heng Zhang, Zhenmei Zhang, Pengju Gao, Maoshuai Li, Jing Lv and Xinbin Ma

Catalysts 2023, 13(10), 1337; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13101337 - 30 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1255

Abstract

The metal-oxide interaction is of significance to the construction of active sites for Cu-catalyzed CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol. This study examines the effect of ZnO and ZrO₂ composition on the Cu/ZnO/ZrO₂ catalyst structure and surface properties to further tune the catalytic activity for methanol synthesis. The ZnO/ZrO₂ ratio can impact the CuZn alloy formation from strong Cu-ZnO interactions and the surface basic sites for CO₂ adsorption at the Cu-ZrO₂ interface. The proportional correlation of the CuZn alloy content and CO₂ desorption amount with the space-time yield (STY) of methanol reveals a synergistic interaction between Cu and oxides (ZnO and ZrO₂) that enhances methanol synthesis. The optimized Cu/ZnO/ZrO₂ catalyst exhibits higher STY relative to the traditional Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃ catalyst. The obtained results presented herein can provide insight into the catalyst design for methanol synthesis from CO₂. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for Selective Hydrogenation of CO and CO₂)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 3259 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

A Core-Shell Structured Na/Fe@Co Bimetallic Catalyst for Light-Hydrocarbon Synthesis from CO₂ Hydrogenation

by Yanbing Li, Yingluo He, Kensei Fujihara, Chengwei Wang, Xu Sun, Weizhe Gao, Xiaoyu Guo, Shuhei Yasuda, Guohui Yang and Noritatsu Tsubaki

Catalysts 2023, 13(7), 1090; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13071090 - 11 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1392

Abstract

The direct CO₂ Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (CO₂-FTS) process has been proven as one of the indispensable and effective routes in CO₂ utilization and transformation. Herein, we present a core-shell structured Na/Fe@Co bimetallic catalyst to boost CO₂ conversion and light hydrocarbon (C₂ to C₄) selectivity, as well as inhibit the selectivity of CO. Compared to the Na/Fe catalyst, our Na/Fe@CoCo-3 catalyst enabled 50.3% CO₂ conversion, 40.1% selectivity of light hydrocarbons (C₂-C₄) in all hydrocarbon products and a high olefin-to-paraffin ratio (O/P) of 7.5 at 330 °C and 3.0 MPa. Through the characterization analyses, the introduction of CoCo Prussian Blue Analog (CoCo PBA) not only increased the reducibility of iron oxide (Fe₂O₃ to Fe₃O₄), accelerated the formation of iron carbide (Fe_xC_y), but also adjusted the surface basic properties of catalysts. Moreover, the trace Co atoms acted as a second active center in the CO₂-FTS process for heightening light hydrocarbon synthesis from CO hydrogenation. This work provides a novel core-shell structured bimetallistic catalyst system for light hydrocarbons, especially light olefin production from CO₂ hydrogenation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for Selective Hydrogenation of CO and CO₂)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

14 pages, 2815 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Effect of Explicit Water Molecules on the Electrochemical Hydrogenation of CO₂ on Sn(112)

by Jia Wang, Chaonan Cui, Xinli Zhu, Hua Wang and Qingfeng Ge

Catalysts 2023, 13(7), 1033; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13071033 - 23 Jun 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1133

Abstract

Water is typically treated as an implicit solvent in modeling electrochemical reactions in an aqueous environment. Such treatment may not be adequate, as a series of concerted or sequential proton-electron transfer steps that explicitly involve water molecules are likely to play important roles in a reaction, such as the electrochemical hydrogenation of CO₂. Herein, we use the electrochemical hydrogenation of CO₂ on the Sn(112) surface as a model, and employ the density functional theory (DFT) method to examine the effect of up to 12 explicit water molecules on the stability of the hydrogenation intermediates. Our results show that six water molecules are needed to account for the local interaction between an intermediate and the water solvent. Furthermore, the hydrogen bonding interaction between the explicit water molecules and intermediates causes a significant stabilization to the O-containing intermediates, such as the HCOO* and CHO* + OH* species. The inclusion of explicit water molecules also altered the prediction of the potential-limiting step from the formation of H* atoms without the explicit water molecules to the formation of H₂COO* in the presence of water molecules and increased selectivity towards methane. This work provides useful insights into the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of CO₂, emphasizing the importance of including explicit water molecules to account for the hydrogen bonding interaction between solvent water molecules and the reaction intermediates. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for Selective Hydrogenation of CO and CO₂)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

11 pages, 3363 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Conversion of CO₂ Hydrogenation to Methanol over K/Ni Promoted MoS₂/MgO Catalyst

by Siyi Jiang, Yujing Weng, Yangbin Ren, Shihang Meng, Xiaoman Li, Chao Huang, Yulong Zhang and Qi Sun

Catalysts 2023, 13(7), 1030; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13071030 - 23 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1560

Abstract

The chemical transformation of carbon dioxide (CO₂) not only reduces the amount of carbon dioxide emitted into the Earth’s atmosphere by humans, but also produces carbon compounds that can be used as precursors for chemical and fuel production. Herein, a selective catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol is achieved by a bifunctional molybdenum disulfide catalyst (MoS₂) with magnesium oxide and nickel and potassium promoters. Molybdenum disulfide prepared by the supercritical ethanol method has a large specific surface area and presents good catalytic performance with high methanol selectivity when loaded with potassium (K) and nickel (Ni) promoters. In addition, the catalysts were evaluated and it was founded that the addition of the K-promoter improved methanol selectivity. This research provides a new strategy for improved product selectivity and space–time yield (STY) of methanol in CO₂ hydrogenation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for Selective Hydrogenation of CO and CO₂)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

19 pages, 3316 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Different Reductive Agents on Zn-Promoted Iron Oxide Phases in the CO₂–Fischer–Tropsch to Linear α-Olefins

by Yueshen Pan, Xiaoxu Ding, Chao Zhang, Minghui Zhu, Zixu Yang and Yi-Fan Han

Catalysts 2023, 13(3), 594; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13030594 - 16 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1886

Abstract

The pretreatment atmosphere has a significant impact on the performance of iron-based catalysts in carbon dioxide (CO₂) hydrogenation. In this study, we investigated the effects of carbon monoxide (CO), syngas (H₂/CO), and hydrogen (H₂) on the performance of iron-based catalysts during the pretreatment process. To evaluate the structural changes in catalysts after activation and reaction, we analyzed their morphology and particle size, the surface and bulk phase composition, carbon deposition, the desorption of linear

α

-olefins and reaction intermediates using transmission electron microscope (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy (MES), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS). Raman and XPS showed that the H₂ pretreatment catalyst caused the absence of iron carbides due to the lack of carbon source, and the CO and syngas pretreatment catalysts promoted the formation of carbon deposits and iron carbides. While the bulk phase of the CO and syngas pretreatment catalyst mainly consists of iron carbide (FeC_x), XRD and MES revealed that the bulk phase of the H₂ pretreatment catalyst primarily consisted of metallic iron (Fe) and iron oxide (FeO_x). The composition of the phase is closely associated with its performance at the initial stage of the reaction. The formation of olefins and C₅₊ products is more encouraged by CO pretreatment catalysts than by H₂ and syngas pretreatment catalysts, according to in situ DRIFTS evidence. Ethylene (C₂H₄)/propylene (C₃H₆)-TPD indicates that the CO pretreatment catalyst is more favorable for the desorption of olefins which improves the olefins selectivity. Based on the analysis of the TEM images, H₂ pretreatment stimulated particle agglomeration and sintering. In conclusion, the results show that the CO-pretreatment catalyst has higher activity due to the inclusion of more FeO_X and Fe₃C. In particular, the presence of Fe₃C was found to be more favorable for the formation of olefins and C₅₊ hydrocarbons. Furthermore, carbon deposition was relatively mild and more conducive to maintaining the balance of FeO_x/FeC_x on the catalyst surface. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for Selective Hydrogenation of CO and CO₂)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 3016 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Simple Strategy Stabilizing for a CuFe/SiO₂ Catalyst and Boosting Higher Alcohols’ Synthesis from Syngas

by Nana Gong, Yingquan Wu, Qingxiang Ma and Yisheng Tan

Catalysts 2023, 13(2), 237; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13020237 - 19 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1745

Abstract

Stable F-T-based catalyst development in direct CO hydrogenation to higher alcohols is still a challenge at present. In this study, CuFe/SiO₂ catalysts with a SiO₂ support treated with a piranha solution were prepared and evaluated in a long-term reaction. The treated catalyst showed higher total alcohols’ selectivity and great stability during a reaction of more than 90 h. It was found that the treatment with the piranha solution enriched the surface hydroxyl groups on SiO₂, so that the Cu–Fe active components could be firmly anchored and highly dispersed on the support, resulting in stable catalytic performance. Furthermore, the in situ DRIFTS revealed that the adsorption strength of CO on Cu⁺ on the treated catalyst surface was weakened, which made the C-O bond less likely to be cleaved and thus significantly inhibited the formation of hydrocarbon products. Meanwhile, the non-dissociated CO species were obviously enriched on the Cu⁰ surface, promoting the formation of alcohol products, and thus the selectivity of total alcohols was increased. This strategy will shed light on the design of supported catalysts with stabilized structures for a wide range of catalytic reactions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for Selective Hydrogenation of CO and CO₂)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

26 pages, 5995 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Catalysis for CO₂ Hydrogenation—What We Have Learned/Should Learn from the Hydrogenation of Syngas to Methanol

by Zixu Yang, Derun Guo, Shengbin Dong, Jiayi Wu, Minghui Zhu, Yi-Fan Han and Zhong-Wen Liu

Catalysts 2023, 13(11), 1452; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13111452 - 20 Nov 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2007

Abstract

This short review provides an in-depth analysis of the achievements and further developments of the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to methanol from those that are worth learning about based on the transformation of syngas into methanol. We begin by exploring the environmental and energy-related implications of utilizing CO₂ as a feedstock for methanol production by emphasizing its potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and facilitate renewable energy integration. Then, different catalytic formulations focusing on precious metals, copper-based catalysts, and metal oxides are summarized, and insights into their advantages and limitations in the aspects of catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability are discussed. Precious metal catalysts, such as platinum and iridium, exhibit high activity but are cost-prohibitive, while copper-based catalysts present a promising and cost-effective alternative. Metal oxides are considered for their unique properties in CO₂ activation. Mechanistic insights into reaction pathways are explored, with a particular emphasis on copper-based catalysts. Moreover, the complex steps involved in CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol are discussed to shed light on the key intermediates and active sites responsible for catalysis, which is crucial for catalyst design and optimization. Finally, we stress the importance of ongoing research and development efforts to enhance catalyst efficiency, mechanistic comprehension, and process optimization. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and policymakers working toward a more sustainable and carbon-neutral energy future. By harnessing CO₂ as a carbon feedstock for methanol synthesis, we have the potential to address environmental concerns and advance the utilization of renewable energy sources, further contributing to the transition to a cleaner and more sustainable energy landscape. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for Selective Hydrogenation of CO and CO₂)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 8927 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Metal–Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction into Formic Acid

by Wen-Jun Xie, Olga M. Mulina, Alexander O. Terent’ev and Liang-Nian He

Catalysts 2023, 13(7), 1109; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13071109 - 15 Jul 2023

Viewed by 2653

Abstract

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are used in catalysis due to their high specific surface area and porous structure. The dispersed active sites and limited reaction space that render MOFs have the potential for highly selective electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction reaction (ECO₂RR). Meanwhile, formic acid (HCOOH) is attracting attention as a liquid product with high economic benefits. This review summarizes the MOFs and their derivatives applied for ECO₂RR into HCOOH products. The preparation methods of MOFs as electrocatalysts and their unique advantages are discussed. A series of MOFs and MOF derivatives obtained by electrochemical reduction or carbonization processes are highlighted, including metal nanomaterials, carbon-based nanocomposites, single-atom catalysts, and bimetallic nanocomposites. Depending on the MOF building units (metal ions and organic linkers) and the reaction conditions of derivatization, MOF-based catalysts exhibit rich diversity and controllable modulation of catalytic performance. Finally, the challenges encountered at this stage and the future research directions of MOF-based catalysts are proposed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for Selective Hydrogenation of CO and CO₂)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 2949 KiB

Open AccessReview

Recent Mechanistic Understanding of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis on Fe-Carbide

by Jiachun Chai, Jidong Jiang, Yan Gong, Peng Wu, Annan Wang, Xuebing Zhang, Tao Wang, Xiangkun Meng, Quan Lin, Yijun Lv, Zhuowu Men and Peng Wang

Catalysts 2023, 13(7), 1052; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13071052 - 29 Jun 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2619

Abstract

With an increase in energy consumption globally, Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis is a good alternative for producing fuels and chemicals from coal, natural gas or biomass. Among them, coal to liquids has been put into production in countries that have large coal reserves. In this process, Fe-based catalysts are commonly used due to their earth abundance, comparatively wide operation range and ready availability to handle low H₂/CO ratio from coal. Despite their extensive applications, the kinetic and mechanistic understandings of Fe carburization and FT reaction on Fe-carbides are relatively limited due to the complexity of the phase composition of the applied catalysts. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of FT synthesis on Fe-carbide with an emphasis on the underlying mechanism. Specifically, the employment of a model catalyst, such as Raney Fe, could provide a convenient way to furnish kinetic information regarding Fe carburization and subsequent FT reaction. A major challenge for further understanding catalytic reactions occurring at the Fe-carbide surface is correlating FT activity and selectivity to a specific active site. To address this issue, the advancements of both DFT calculations and surface science techniques are highly demanded. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis for Selective Hydrogenation of CO and CO₂)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Catalysis for Selective Hydrogenation of CO and CO₂

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (12 papers)

Research

Review

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Catalysis for Selective Hydrogenation of CO and CO2

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (12 papers)

Research

Review

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI

Catalysis for Selective Hydrogenation of CO and CO₂