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Catalysts
Special Issues
Renewable Heterogenous Nano-Catalysts for Alternative Fuel Production
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Renewable Heterogenous Nano-Catalysts for Alternative Fuel Production

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Catalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 October 2022) | Viewed by 6166

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Umer Rashid

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Guest Editor
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Interests: catalysts; photocatalysis; nano-composites; wastewater treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Sibudjing Kawi

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
Interests: applied catalysis; CO2 capture and utilization; biomass gasification; membranes; catalytic membrane reactor; hydrogen production; hydrogen storage in liquid carriers via hydrogenation–dehydrogenation reactions; plasma catalysis; photocatalysis; photothermal catalysis; electrocatalysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Fahad A. Alharthi

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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Interests: nanomaterials and their applications such as: renewable energy; water and wastewater treatments; photocatalysis, synthesis, characterization and study of inorganic semiconductors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biofuels such as biodiesel, biogas, and bioethanol have been recognized as a new alternative to overcome the energy crisis due to the availability of feedstocks (non-edible oils, animal fats, and biomass wastes) for the conversion of biofuels through different chemical process and technologies. These types of biofuels are biodegradable, emit non-toxic gases, and release less carbon dioxide than fossil fuels. Biofuels or alternative fuels can be produced through well-established methods in the presence of suitable catalysts.

Heterogenous nano-catalysts have gained considerable recognition for biofuel synthesizing from different feedstocks, as they can be regenerated and reused for multiple cycles. Heterogeneous nano-catalysts can be classified into several groups, i.e., carbon-based nano-catalyst, metal-based nano-catalyst, polymer-based nano-catalyst, and more. To date, low-cost catalyst derived from carbon biomass waste materials have also received tremendous attention due to several distinct properties such as high surface area and porosity, high stability, and can be modified and functionalized with active group metals.

This Special Issue aims to give space to high-quality, state-of-the-art technology. original research and review papers on the challenges and recent advancements of heterogeneous nano-catalysts for alternative fuel production and innovative applications. Research articles, short communications, brief reports, and review papers on this topic are welcome.

Dr. Umer Rashid
Dr. Sibudjing Kawi
Dr. Fahad A. Alharthi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Catalysts is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biofuels
  • alternative fuels
  • waste and discarded oils/fats
  • non-food oils
  • transesterification
  • esterification
  • pyrolysis char
  • hydrothermal char
  • catalytic process
  • heterogeneous nano-catalysts
  • carbon based nano-catalysts
  • mixed metal nano-catalysts
  • magnetic nano-catalysts
  • photocatalysts
  • reaction mechanism

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 7362 KiB  
Article
Partial Oxidation of Methane over CaO Decorated TiO2 Nanocatalyst for Syngas Production in a Fixed Bed Reactor
by Asif Hussain Khoja, Ahad Hussain Javed, Salman Raza Naqvi, Sehar Shakir, Israf Ud Din, Zafar Arshad, Umer Rashid, Umair Yaqub Qazi and Nida Naeem
Catalysts 2022, 12(10), 1089; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12101089 - 21 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1607
Abstract
Syngas is a valuable entity for downstream liquid fuel production and chemical industries. The efficient production of syngas via catalytic partial oxidation of methane (CPOM) is an important process. In this study, partial oxidation of methane (POM) was carried out using CaO decorated [...] Read more.
Syngas is a valuable entity for downstream liquid fuel production and chemical industries. The efficient production of syngas via catalytic partial oxidation of methane (CPOM) is an important process. In this study, partial oxidation of methane (POM) was carried out using CaO decorated TiO2 catalysts. The catalysts were synthesized employing the sol-gel method, while the decoration of TiO2 with CaO was achieved in an aqueous solution by wetness impregnation method. The prepared catalysts were characterized by employing XRD, Raman, TG-DTG, and SEM-EDX for structural and morphological analysis. On testing for POM, at 750 °C the catalysts demonstrate excellent CH4 conversion of 83.6 and 79.5% for 2% and 3% CaO loaded TiO2, respectively. While the average H2/CO ratio for both 2% and 3% CaO loaded TiO2, 2.25 and 2.28, respectively, remained slightly above the theoretical value (H2/CO = 2.0) of POM. The improved POM performance is attributed to the optimally loaded CaO on the TiO2 surface that promotes the reaction where TiO2 support ensure less agglomerated particles, resulting into a fine distribution of the active catalytic sites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Heterogenous Nano-Catalysts for Alternative Fuel Production)
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14 pages, 1606 KiB  
Article
The Novel Approach of Catalytic Interesterification, Hydrolysis and Transesterification of Pongamia pinnata Oil
by Summayia Inam, Muhammad Asif Hanif, Umer Rashid, Farwa Nadeem, Fahad A. Alharthi and Elham Ahmed Kazerooni
Catalysts 2022, 12(8), 896; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12080896 - 15 Aug 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1762
Abstract
The properties of biodiesel are completely dependent on the fatty acid profile of feedstock oils. Several feedstocks are not in use for biodiesel production because of the presence of unsuitable fatty acids in their oils. The present study was conducted to overcome this [...] Read more.
The properties of biodiesel are completely dependent on the fatty acid profile of feedstock oils. Several feedstocks are not in use for biodiesel production because of the presence of unsuitable fatty acids in their oils. The present study was conducted to overcome this problem by the utilization of interesterification and hydrolysis processes. The present study reports biodiesel with much better cold flow properties than previous studies. Fatty acids present in Pongamia pinnata oil were optimized via interesterification and hydrolysis treatment of feedstock prior to alkali-catalyzed transesterification. The physiochemical properties of fuel were evaluated by standard test methods and the results were compared with EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 standards. Biodiesel composition was analyzed by a gas chromatographic analysis. The density, saponification and iodine values of the biodiesel derived from treated and non-treated oil were found to be within the range recommended by the international fuel standards. The acid values of biodiesel produced from non-treated and treated fractions were high (0.7–0.8 mg of KOH/g of oil), as compared to the biodiesel produced from non-treated and treated pure oil. The cloud points and pour points of biodiesel produced from hydrolyzed and interesterified oil were in the range of (8.1 to −9.6 °C) and (2.03 to −12.5 °C), respectively, while those of non-treated oil were in the range of (13.37 to −1.53 °C). These results indicate that treatments of oil specifically improved the low-temperature properties of biodiesel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Heterogenous Nano-Catalysts for Alternative Fuel Production)
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17 pages, 5011 KiB  
Article
A Heterogeneous Bifunctional Carbon Nanocatalyst from Plastic Waste to Efficiently Catalyze Waste Cooking Oil into Biodiesel
by Balkis Hazmi, Umer Rashid, Sibudjing Kawi, Wan Nur Aini Wan Mokhtar, Firdous Ahmad Ahangar, Thomas Choong Shean Yaw, Toshiki Tsubota, Fahad A. Alharthi and Chawalit Ngamcharussrivichai
Catalysts 2022, 12(8), 874; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12080874 - 08 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1903
Abstract
In this study, black carbon derived from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) wastes was utilized as the precursor for heterogeneous bifunctional nanocatalyst, which successively catalyzed waste cooking oil into biodiesel. The nano-sized catalysts were prepared by impregnation method with different heat treatment techniques, such as [...] Read more.
In this study, black carbon derived from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) wastes was utilized as the precursor for heterogeneous bifunctional nanocatalyst, which successively catalyzed waste cooking oil into biodiesel. The nano-sized catalysts were prepared by impregnation method with different heat treatment techniques, such as reflux, hydrothermal, and microwave solvothermal, to provide good distribution of K2O and NiO particles on PET activated carbon mesoporous surface. The sample treated with microwave solvothermal technique (MAC-K2O-NiO) exhibited a high surface area of 120 m2/g with good dispersion of nanoparticles, as shown by FESEM image, large crystallite size of 62.2 nm, and consisted of a highest density of basicity (2.58 mmol/g) and acidity (1.79 mmol/g) for improving transesterification to a maximum yield. The catalytic transesterification of MAC-K2O-NiO was optimized with 3 wt.% of catalyst loading, 18: 1 methanol-oil molar ratio, 65 °C for 3 h of reaction, with a maximum yield of 97.2%. The catalyst reusability was performed, and it was found to maintain the catalytic activity up to six reaction cycles, with a yield of 72.9%. The physiochemical quality of the optimized biodiesel was examined in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM D6751 testing method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Heterogenous Nano-Catalysts for Alternative Fuel Production)
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