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Coatings
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Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Coatings
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Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Coatings

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 March 2019) | Viewed by 34736

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Miguel Ángel Garrido

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, ESCET, Grupo de Durabilidad e Integridad Mecánica de Materiales Estructurales, Móstoles, Spain
Interests: nanostructured coatings; nanoscale coatings; nanocomposites; microstructural characterization; mechanical properties; applications; modelling; tribology
Prof. Dr. Gobinda Saha

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Nanocomposites and Mechanics Laboratory, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
Interests: nanostructured particle design and synthesis; cold spraying; cermets; biocomposites; additive manufacturing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanostructured materials and coatings offer the potential for significant improvements in engineering properties based on the improvements in physical and mechanical properties resulting from the reduction of microstructural features by factors of 100 to 1000 times compared to present engineering materials. Nanostructured materials can improve mechanical and functional properties compared to conventional materials. Research studies have shown that when particles’ sizes reach the dimensions of nanometer, remarkable improvement is observed in the mechanical response of the materials and coatings. Shape, size and surface of nanoparticles seem to play important role in properties of nanostructured coatings. Recently, great advances in research have been developed in the determination of the mechanisms responsible for the increase in the mechanical and tribological properties of nanostructured coatings. The development of specific techniques to determine these properties at the nanometer scale has turned out to be especially relevant for this purpose.

This Special Issue of Coatings on “Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Coatings” is intended to cover original research and critical review articles on recent advances in this topic.

In particular, the topic of interest includes, but is not limited to:

  • Processing nanostructured coatings
  • Microstructure of nanostructured coatings
  • Mechanical and tribological behaviour of nanostructured coatings
  • Modelling and simulations of nanostructured coatings
  • Applications of nanostructured coatings

Prof. Dr. Miguel Ángel Garrido
Prof. Dr. Gobinda Saha
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 4592 KiB  
Article
Microstructure and Mechanical Property Investigation of TaSiN Thin Films Deposited by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
by Anna Zaman, Yi Shen and Efstathios I. Meletis
Coatings 2019, 9(5), 338; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9050338 - 25 May 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3875
Abstract
Tantalum silicon nitride (Ta–Si–N) films were synthesized on Si substrate via magnetron sputtering. The structure and properties of the Ta–Si–N films were investigated as a function of the N2 content in the N2/Ar gas mixture. Increasing the N2 percentage [...] Read more.
Tantalum silicon nitride (Ta–Si–N) films were synthesized on Si substrate via magnetron sputtering. The structure and properties of the Ta–Si–N films were investigated as a function of the N2 content in the N2/Ar gas mixture. Increasing the N2 percentage in the gas mixture from 7% to 20% changed the film structure from textured hexagonal (hex) Ta2N to nontextured hex Ta2N to a mixture of face-centered cubic (fcc) TaN and hex Ta2N, and finally to fcc TaN. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed Ta–N and Si–N bonds in the films. The film microstructure was found to change from columnar morphology with visible amorphous boundaries (at 13% N2) to columnar morphology with absence of amorphous boundaries (at 15% N2). Increasing N2 content increased hardness in the films with those deposited with 13–15% N2 displaying the highest hardness of ~40 ± 2 GPa. In addition, the 13% N2 films showed a ratio of H/E* > 0.11, elastic recovery of ~60%, low coefficient of friction of 0.6, reduced wear rate (7.09 × 10−6 mm3/N·m), and remained thermally stable up to 800 °C. The results suggest that the Ta–Si–N films have high potential as hard tribological nanocomposite coatings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Coatings)
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10 pages, 6036 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Wear Resistance of 316 L Stainless Steel with a Nanostructured Surface Layer Prepared by Ultrasonic Surface Rolling
by Cong Wang, Jing Han, Jiyun Zhao, Yuanming Song, Jiaxiang Man, Hua Zhu, Jiapeng Sun and Liang Fang
Coatings 2019, 9(4), 276; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9040276 - 25 Apr 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2923
Abstract
The low hardness and poor wear resistance of AISI 316 L austenitic stainless-steel sabotage its outer appearance and shorten its service life when it is subjected to sliding. In this paper, the single-pass ultrasonic surface rolling (USR) process was used to modify the [...] Read more.
The low hardness and poor wear resistance of AISI 316 L austenitic stainless-steel sabotage its outer appearance and shorten its service life when it is subjected to sliding. In this paper, the single-pass ultrasonic surface rolling (USR) process was used to modify the surface of 316 L austenitic stainless steel. A nanostructured surface layer with a depth span of 15 μm was fabricated. Dry wear tests of USR samples were performed on a ring-on-block tester at room temperature, and the results were compared with those for the as-received sample. The USR sample showed a significant reduction in wear mass loss and an improved hardness, as well as a decreased surface roughness. The detailed wear mechanism was also investigated by SEM observations of the worn surfaces. It was indicated that oxidation and abrasive wear, accompanied by mild adhesion, dominated the wear of USR 316 L stainless steel at both low and high speeds. The superior wear performance of USR 316 L was attributed to its nanostructured surface layer, which was characterized by a high hardness and thereby suppressed the severe abrasive wear. The results provided an alternative approach to modifying the surface of 316 L stainless steel, without changing its surface chemical components. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Coatings)
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10 pages, 4759 KiB  
Article
Verification Study of Nanostructure Evolution with Heating Treatment between Thin and Thick Fullerene-Like Hydrogen Carbon Films
by Zhaolong Wang, Kaixiong Gao, Bin Zhang, Zhenbin Gong, Xiaoli Wei and Junyan Zhang
Coatings 2019, 9(2), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9020082 - 30 Jan 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2973
Abstract
Fullerene-like hydrogen carbon films with a thin film grown on a NaCl substrate are usually employed to show the nanostructure of films (usually of hundred nanometers thick grown on Si substrates) under high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) tests because it is easier [...] Read more.
Fullerene-like hydrogen carbon films with a thin film grown on a NaCl substrate are usually employed to show the nanostructure of films (usually of hundred nanometers thick grown on Si substrates) under high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) tests because it is easier floated off, where dependability and reasonability has never been seriously contested. Thus, in this paper, thin and thick hydrogen carbon films have been deposited on NaCl (thin films) and Si (thick films) substrates and annealed under room temperature to 500 °C, of which nanostructures have been investigated by HRTEM, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, to verify the dependability and reasonability of the NaCl method. The results showed heating induced graphitization but with hydrogen content nearly unchanged. HRTEM results revealed that under annealing of 200, 250, and 300 °C, the curved graphene structures gradually increase in films. However, beyond 400 °C, onions structures are present. However, both Raman and XPS spectra show us that after annealed treatment, for original films, both thin and thick films have the near sp2 bonding content and size, but with the annealing temperature increase, sp2 bonding content increases more quickly for thick FL-C:H films due to the higher internal stress compared to thin films. In one word, the NaCl method used for nanostructure detection for films might be a good choice for an easier and quicker analysis, but it is still insufficient, because the heating effect induced by plasma cannot be ignored. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Coatings)
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15 pages, 7484 KiB  
Article
UV-Curable Hydrophobic Coatings of Functionalized Carbon Microspheres with Good Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance
by Jiajia Wen, Chengchen Feng, Huijie Li, Xinghai Liu, Fuyuan Ding, Houbin Li and Chi Huang
Coatings 2018, 8(12), 439; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings8120439 - 29 Nov 2018
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3789
Abstract
Polyurethane acrylates (PUAs) are a kind of UV curable prepolymer with excellent comprehensive performance. However, PUAs are highly hydrophilic and when applied outdoors, presenting serious problems caused by rain such as discoloring, losing luster and blistering. Thus, it’s important to improve their hydrophobicity [...] Read more.
Polyurethane acrylates (PUAs) are a kind of UV curable prepolymer with excellent comprehensive performance. However, PUAs are highly hydrophilic and when applied outdoors, presenting serious problems caused by rain such as discoloring, losing luster and blistering. Thus, it’s important to improve their hydrophobicity and resistance against corrosion. In this paper, carbon microspheres (CMSs) were modified through chemical grafting method. Active double bonds were introduced onto the surface of organic carbon microspheres (OCMSs) and the functional product was referred to as FCMS. The results of Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that organic chain segments were successfully connected to the surface of OCMSs and the grafting efficiency was as high as 16%. FCMSs were successfully added into UV-curable polyurethane acrylate prepolymer to achieve a hydrophobic coating layer with good mechanical properties, thermal stability and corrosion resistance. When the addition of FCMSs were 1%, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that 5% of the initial mass was lost at 297 °C. The water absorption decreased from 52% to 38% and the water contact angle of the PUA composite increased from 72° to 106°. The pencil hardness increased to 4H and obvious crack termination phenomenon was observed in SEM images. Moreover, the corrosion rate was decreased from 0.124 to 0.076 mm/a. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Coatings)
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13 pages, 15250 KiB  
Article
Structural and Mechanical Properties of Arc-Sprayed Ni–Cr Coating Post-Treated by Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT)
by Karima Aoudia, Salim Lamri, Sofiane Achache, Delphine Retraint, Christophe Verdy, Cécile Langlade, Said Azem and Frédéric Sanchette
Coatings 2018, 8(12), 424; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings8120424 - 26 Nov 2018
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3072
Abstract
This study focuses on the effects of a surface mechanical attrition treatment on the structural and mechanical behavior of arc-sprayed Ni–Cr coatings deposited on steel substrates. The surface of the as-sprayed and SMATed coatings was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and [...] Read more.
This study focuses on the effects of a surface mechanical attrition treatment on the structural and mechanical behavior of arc-sprayed Ni–Cr coatings deposited on steel substrates. The surface of the as-sprayed and SMATed coatings was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and non-contact profilometry. The coating porosity was evaluated by using image analysis software. The residual stresses were determined using X-ray diffraction with the sin2ψ. Indentation tests were carried out on the cross sections of the different coatings to evaluate their hardness. The wear properties of the coatings were assessed using a pin-on-disk tester at ambient temperature without lubrication. The results showed that surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) induced a grain refinement on the coating surface due to severe plastic deformation, which was associated with a significant improvement of the mechanical properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Coatings)
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Review

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9370 KiB  
Review
Development of Sustainable Cold Spray Coatings and 3D Additive Manufacturing Components for Repair/Manufacturing Applications: A Critical Review
by Sunil Pathak and Gobinda C. Saha
Coatings 2017, 7(8), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings7080122 - 14 Aug 2017
Cited by 108 | Viewed by 17590
Abstract
This review article presents the findings of a comprehensive state-of-the-art literature review of the scientific and technological progress of the cold spray process in the field of repair/remanufacturing using the concept of additive manufacturing. A thorough study was conducted on the potential of [...] Read more.
This review article presents the findings of a comprehensive state-of-the-art literature review of the scientific and technological progress of the cold spray process in the field of repair/remanufacturing using the concept of additive manufacturing. A thorough study was conducted on the potential of this technology to form (a) both thin and thick coatings; (b) the ability to fabricate 3D freeform components in a single process, while benefiting from reduced residual stress level compared to conventional thermal spray coatings processes such as high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) or plasma spraying. A systematic overview of the process technology, particularly focusing on the suitability of ceramic-metallic (cermet) composite particles used as feedstock in the deposition was conducted; further elaboration was made pertinent to particle impact and bonding mechanisms during the deposition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Coatings)
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