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Lubricants
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Tribology in Manufacturing and Design
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Tribology in Manufacturing and Design

A special issue of Lubricants (ISSN 2075-4442).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 15789

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jeng-Haur Horng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin 632, Taiwan
Interests: tribology in Industrial application; lubrication failure diagnosis and monitoring; precision machine system analysis; micro-contact mechanics; green lubricant
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Yunn-Lin Hwang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin 632, Taiwan
Interests: dynamics of multibody systems; mechanical vibrations and modal analysis, computer-aided engineering; biomechanics; walking robot
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Thi-Na Ta

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin 632, Taiwan
Interests: friction; wear mechanisms; vibration analysis; computer-aided engineering; computational optimization and statistics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The performance of mechanical components and system is mainly determined by the optimization of the design and manufacturing process. How to apply tribology technology in the design and manufacturing stage is an important factor affecting the failure and efficiency of the system or components. The application of appropriate tribology design and manufacturing can reduce or avoid excessive friction and wear at the contact interface, extend machine lifetimes, and improve system reliability. However, along with the progress and development of our society, the requirements for precision and environmental protection have become increasingly stringent. Hence, tribology in design and manufacturing is facing more challenges. For example, green lubricants, green manufacturing, machine learning, and tribology monitoring are developing rapidly.

The current Special Issue is mainly connecting experts and scholars in related areas from all over the world, and scholars who participate in the 2022 International Conference on Engineering Tribology and Applied Technology to discuss and exchange in-depth on the issue. We welcome experts in related areas to participate in this platform.

Prof. Dr. Jeng-Haur Horng
Prof. Dr. Yunn-Lin Hwang
Dr. Thi-Na Ta
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Lubricants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • tribology in manufacturing systems
  • tribology in manufacturing design
  • tribology in manufacturing efficiency
  • tribology in vibration and noise
  • tribology in mechanism design
  • tribology in surface damage
  • bio-lubricants
  • lubricant degradation
  • tribological failure diagnosis and monitoring

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 7076 KiB  
Article
An Unsupervised Vibration Noise Reduction Approach and Its Application in Lubrication Condition Monitoring
by Wani J. Morgan and Hsiao-Yeh Chu
Lubricants 2023, 11(2), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11020090 - 19 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1683
Abstract
Accelerometers are sensitive devices that capture vibrational fault signatures from industrial machines. However, noise often contaminates these fault signatures and must be eliminated before analysis. A data-driven (DD) denoising algorithm capable of filtering useful vibrational fault signatures from background noises was derived in [...] Read more.
Accelerometers are sensitive devices that capture vibrational fault signatures from industrial machines. However, noise often contaminates these fault signatures and must be eliminated before analysis. A data-driven (DD) denoising algorithm capable of filtering useful vibrational fault signatures from background noises was derived in this study. The algorithm was first validated by comparing its denoised result with a numerically generated ideal signal with a known exact solution. The DD denoising approach reduced the Mean Squared Error (MSE) from 0.459, when no denoising was performed, to 0.068, indicating an 85.2% decrease in noise. This novel approach outperformed the Discrete Wavelet (DW) denoising approach, which had an MSE of 0.115. The proposed DD denoising algorithm was also applied to preprocess vibration data used for the real-time lubrication condition monitoring of the plastic injection molding machine’s toggle clamping system, thereby reducing false positive relubrication alarms. The false positive rates, when analysis was performed on the raw vibration and the DW denoised vibration, were 10.7% and 7.6%, respectively, whereas the DD denoised vibration yielded the lowest false positive rate at 1%. This low false positive rate of the DD denoised vibration indicates that it is a more reliable condition monitoring system, thereby making this technique suitable for the smart manufacturing industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribology in Manufacturing and Design)
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20 pages, 8249 KiB  
Article
Effect of Engineered Roughness on the Performance of Journal Bearings Lubricated by Bingham Plastic Fluid Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
by Nur Cahyo, P. Paryanto, Ariyana Dwiputra Nugraha, Arionmaro Simaremare, Indra Ardhanayudha Aditya, Bara Songka Laktona Siregar and Mohammad Tauviqirrahman
Lubricants 2022, 10(12), 333; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10120333 - 25 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1344
Abstract
A journal bearing is a machine element that is used to keep the shaft rotating about its axis. The increasing demand for journal bearing applications in high-speed machines that are efficient and economical has resulted in the need for improvements to the acoustic [...] Read more.
A journal bearing is a machine element that is used to keep the shaft rotating about its axis. The increasing demand for journal bearing applications in high-speed machines that are efficient and economical has resulted in the need for improvements to the acoustic and tribological performance of journal bearings. In order to improve the tribological and acoustic performance, this study aims to propose a novel journal bearing design by introducing a roughness condition in a specific zone of the stationary bearing surface. In addition, the impact of the application of engineered roughness on the performance of Bingham-plastic-lubricated bearings is investigated in more detail. Considering the effect of cavitation, the analysis was conducted using a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a journal bearing. In comparison with the Reynolds equation—which is inertialess—for lubrication analysis, the use of a 3D CFD model based on Navier–Stokes equations reflects more detailed flow characteristics. Moreover, in this work, variations in the area of surface roughness were employed, resulting in various roughness patterns on the surface of the journal bearing, so that the acoustic and tribological performances of the journal bearing were anticipated to be enhanced. The findings of this study show that under non-Newtonian lubrication of the bearing, the engineered roughness has a strong effect in altering the tribological performance. Furthermore, the well-chosen roughened surface was proven to be more pronounced in enhancing the load support and reducing the friction force. The simulation results also show that using an engineered surface has little effect on the noise of the bearing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribology in Manufacturing and Design)
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21 pages, 23488 KiB  
Article
Contact Characteristics at Interface in Three-Body Contact Conditions with Rough Surfaces and Foreign Particles
by Shin-Yuh Chern, Yang-Yuan Chen, Wei-Lun Liu and Jeng-Haur Horng
Lubricants 2022, 10(7), 164; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10070164 - 19 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2126
Abstract
Nanoparticles as lubricant additives under a certain average diameter and concentration may reduce wear, friction and scuffing damage. However, atmospheric dust particles affect not only human health but also the efficiency of components, and even cause component failures. Therefore, the contact characteristics at [...] Read more.
Nanoparticles as lubricant additives under a certain average diameter and concentration may reduce wear, friction and scuffing damage. However, atmospheric dust particles affect not only human health but also the efficiency of components, and even cause component failures. Therefore, the contact characteristics at interfaces with foreign particles require careful investigation. In this work, a 3-body microcontact mechanics concept is used to analyze the effects of wear debris and foreign particles on real contact area, contact mode, asperity deformation type and separation at interface. The results show that the relationship profile between dimensionless real contact area (At*) and dimensionless normal contact load (Ft*) is wedge-shaped in a 3-body contact interface. Using surface-to-surface 2-body contact area as upper bound and surface-to-particle 3-body contact as lower bound, the 3-body hybrid contact situation is in between upper and lower bounds. As the dimensionless normal contact load increases, At* increases gradually as well. The order of contact mode is p-s contact, hybrid contact and then s-s contact. If the 3-body contact interface is in hybrid contact mode, the decrease in the hardness and average third body diameter will cause the At* to increase significantly at the same Ft*. Conversely, the separation and real contact area ratio of plastic deformation decrease gradually. The turning point of contact area (TPCA) occurs when the contact mode is within hybrid contact mode and the ratio of average third body diameter to the composite equivalent surface RMS roughness is about 50–70% for foreign particles and wear debris. When the Ft* is slightly larger than Ftpca*, the third body and surface share the total interface load approximately equally which will help reduce the real contact pressure and plastic contact area to improve surface performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribology in Manufacturing and Design)
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20 pages, 10241 KiB  
Article
Unbalance Response Analysis of a Spindle Supported on Gas Bearings: A Comparison between Different Approaches
by Federico Colombo, Luigi Lentini, Terenziano Raparelli, Andrea Trivella and Vladimir Viktorov
Lubricants 2022, 10(6), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10060127 - 17 Jun 2022
Viewed by 1428
Abstract
Gas journal bearings are widely employed in high-speed spindles for the micromachining industry. Compared to their oil and rolling counterparts, gas bearings have a longer life span, lower friction and a lower level of noise. In order to design accurate high-speed spindles supported [...] Read more.
Gas journal bearings are widely employed in high-speed spindles for the micromachining industry. Compared to their oil and rolling counterparts, gas bearings have a longer life span, lower friction and a lower level of noise. In order to design accurate high-speed spindles supported by externally pressurized gas bearings, it is vital to analyze the characteristics of rotor bearing systems. In this paper, we present an analysis of the unbalance response of a high-speed spindle supported by gas journal bearings. A number of aspects to enhance the accuracy of the system are discussed. We performed the analysis by considering a nonlinear and a linearized numerical model validated through experimental measurements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribology in Manufacturing and Design)
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24 pages, 3190 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Mango Kernel Seed (Mangifera indica) Oil as Cutting Fluid in Turning of AISI 1525 Steel Using the Taguchi-Grey Relation Analysis Approach
by Rasaq A. Kazeem, David A. Fadare, Omolayo M. Ikumapayi, Stephen A. Akinlabi and Esther T. Akinlabi
Lubricants 2022, 10(4), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10040052 - 29 Mar 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4047
Abstract
The hunt for environmentally friendly cutting fluids is underway as the problems of conventional cutting fluids become more evident. To achieve environmentally conscious machining, the current study examines the use of Mango Kernel Seed Oil (MKSO) as a cutting fluid during the turning [...] Read more.
The hunt for environmentally friendly cutting fluids is underway as the problems of conventional cutting fluids become more evident. To achieve environmentally conscious machining, the current study examines the use of Mango Kernel Seed Oil (MKSO) as a cutting fluid during the turning of AISI 1525 steel. According to the 24 complete factorial techniques, the vegetable-oil-based cutting was produced by dissolving four different additives in mango kernel seed oil: emulsifying, antimicrobial, anti-corrosive, and antifoam substances. Afterward, the formulated vegetable oil was characterized both physically and chemically to determine its capability. The developed MKSO was mechanically evaluated using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. Spindle speed, depth of cut, and feed rate served as the input parameters, while surface roughness, cutting temperature, machine sound level, and machine vibration rate were the responses. Taguchi-based Grey Relational Analysis was used to perform multi-objective optimization. It was used to determine the best machining conditions. The best parameters for mango kernel seed oil are a spindle speed of 0.683 rev/min, feed of 0.617 mm/rev, and depth of cut of 0.620 mm, while the optimum parameter for Mineral-Oil-based Cutting Fluid (MOCF) is 0.7898 rev/min spindle speed, 0.6483 mm/rev feed, and a 0.6373 mm depth of cut. This research revealed that, when compared to the feed rate and the depth of cut, the spindle speed has the highest influence on multi-responses in turning operations with both cutting fluids. Generally, MOCF outperformed mango kernel seed cutting fluid in most machining conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribology in Manufacturing and Design)
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14 pages, 5989 KiB  
Article
Friction-Excited Oscillation of Air Conditioner Rotary Compressors: Measurements and Numerical Simulations
by Yusheng Hu, Rongting Zhang, Jinquan Zhang, Qifeng Song and Guangxiong Chen
Lubricants 2022, 10(4), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10040050 - 25 Mar 2022
Viewed by 4149
Abstract
The oscillation of a rotary compressor was measured and analyzed in the frequency and time domains. The harmonic wavelet transform was used to dissolve the oscillation signal into a series of single-frequency components. A power spectrum analysis of the single-frequency components shows that [...] Read more.
The oscillation of a rotary compressor was measured and analyzed in the frequency and time domains. The harmonic wavelet transform was used to dissolve the oscillation signal into a series of single-frequency components. A power spectrum analysis of the single-frequency components shows that there are many vibration components whose frequencies are one, double, triple, quadruple, and even tens of times the rotating frequency. An envelope spectrum analysis shows that some single-frequency components originate from the friction-excited oscillation of the compressor. A full-size mode-coupling model of the rotary compressor was established to forecast the friction-excited oscillation of the compressor using the transient dynamics method and the complex eigenvalue method. The measurement results are consistent with the predictive results. A sensitivity analysis of the main parameters shows that the coefficient of friction has a major impact on the development tendency of the friction-excited oscillation of rotary compressors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribology in Manufacturing and Design)
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