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Water
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The Application of Hydrologic Analysis in Disaster Prevention
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The Application of Hydrologic Analysis in Disaster Prevention

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2018) | Viewed by 19663

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Wen Cheng Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Disaster Prevention Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
Interests: disaster prevention and ecological engineering; environmental fluid mechanics; hydrology and hydraulics; contaminant transport modeling; environmental monitoring; climate change
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Josh Tsun-Hua Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Taiwan Typhoon and Flood Research, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan
Interests: hydrometeorological modeling; hydrology and hydraulics; Internet of Things for Disaster; cyber-physical system; smart water system; computational fluid dynamics; UV disinfection process; application of data-driven models
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The frequency and intensity of extreme weather and climate events, such as super typhoons and unprecedented high-intensity rainfall events, have increased significantly. Such extremes have generated disasters like floods and landslides and caused loss of life and property everywhere in the world. For example, the Thailand flood in 2011 caused over hundreds of deaths, millions of people were affected. The economic damage was estimated to be over US$ 40 billion. Hurricane Harvey hit Texas and Louisiana in late August 2017 and caused more than US$ 100 billion worth of damage. A comprehensive hydrologic analysis includes data collection and processing, concepts and theories, computational and analytic tools, and findings. The application of the hydrologic analysis will provide us a deeper knowledge and a better understanding of these events and help us develop efficient strategies and measures to prevent future disasters. This is of crucial importance when lots of countries are severely affected by climate change, and response to the threat of climate change is immediately necessary for global sustainable development.

Prof. Wen-Cheng Liu
Dr. Josh Tsun-Hua Yang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Natural disasters
  • Natural hazards
  • Vulnerability
  • Disaster prevention
  • Hydrological/Hydrodynamic modeling
  • Hydrological analysis
  • Assessment
  • Climate change
  • Extreme events

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 28766 KiB  
Article
Influence of Topographic Characteristics on the Adaptive Time Interval for Diffusion Wave Simulation
by Pin-Chun Huang, Kwan Tun Lee and Boris I. Gartsman
Water 2019, 11(3), 431; https://doi.org/10.3390/w11030431 - 28 Feb 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2539
Abstract
Frequent flash floods in recent years have resulted in a major impact on the living environment, urban planning, economic system and flood control facilities of residents around the world; therefore, the establishment of disaster management and flood warning systems is an urgent task, [...] Read more.
Frequent flash floods in recent years have resulted in a major impact on the living environment, urban planning, economic system and flood control facilities of residents around the world; therefore, the establishment of disaster management and flood warning systems is an urgent task, required for government units to propose flood mitigation measures. To conserve the numerical accuracy and maintain stability for explicit scheme, the Courant–Friedrich–Lewy (CFL) condition is necessarily enforced, and it is conducted to regulate the relation between the numerical marching speed and wave celerity. On the other hand, to avoid the problem of flow reflux between adjacent grids in executing 2D floodplain simulation, another restriction on time intervals, known as the Hunter condition, was devised in an earlier study. The objective of this study was to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of these two time-interval restrictions during runoff simulations. Via a case study of the Komarovsky River Basin in Russia, the results show that at the beginning of a storm, the computational time interval is restricted by the CFL condition along the upstream steep hillsides, and the time interval is subject to the Hunter condition in the mainstream during the occurrence of the main storm. The reason of a reduction in computational efficiency, which is a common problem in conducting distributed routing, was clearly explained. To relax the time-interval restrictions for efficient flood forecasting, the research findings also indicate the importance of integrating modified hydrological models proposed in recent studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Hydrologic Analysis in Disaster Prevention)
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27 pages, 6495 KiB  
Article
Using Tabu Search Adjusted with Urban Sewer Flood Simulation to Improve Pluvial Flood Warning via Rainfall Thresholds
by Hao-Yu Liao, Tsung-Yi Pan, Hsiang-Kuan Chang, Chi-Tai Hsieh, Jihn-Sung Lai, Yih-Chi Tan and Ming-Daw Su
Water 2019, 11(2), 348; https://doi.org/10.3390/w11020348 - 18 Feb 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3614
Abstract
Pluvial floods are the most frequent natural hazard impacting urban cities because of extreme rainfall intensity within short duration. Owing to the complex interaction between rainfall, drainage systems and overland flow, pluvial flood warning poses a challenge for many metropolises. Although physical-based flood [...] Read more.
Pluvial floods are the most frequent natural hazard impacting urban cities because of extreme rainfall intensity within short duration. Owing to the complex interaction between rainfall, drainage systems and overland flow, pluvial flood warning poses a challenge for many metropolises. Although physical-based flood inundation models could identify inundated locations, hydrodynamic modeling is limited in terms of computational costs and sophisticated calibration. Thus, herein, a quick pluvial flood warning system using rainfall thresholds for central Taipei is developed. A tabu search algorithm is implemented with hydrological-analysis-based initial boundary conditions to optimize rainfall thresholds. Furthermore, a cross test is adopted to evaluate the effect of each rainfall event on rainfall threshold optimization. Urban sewer flood is simulated via hydrodynamic modeling with calibration using crowdsourced data. The locations and time of occurrence of pluvial floods can be obtained to increase the quality of observed data that dominate the accuracy of pluvial flood warning when using rainfall thresholds. The optimization process is a tabu search based on flood reports and observed data for six flood-prone districts in central Taipei. The results show that optimum rainfall thresholds can be efficiently determined through tabu search and the accuracy of the issued flood warnings can be significantly improved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Hydrologic Analysis in Disaster Prevention)
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22 pages, 3503 KiB  
Article
Flood Inundation Assessment Considering Hydrologic Conditions and Functionalities of Hydraulic Facilities
by Yuan-Heng Wang, Yung-Chia Hsu, Gene Jiing-Yun You, Ching-Lien Yen and Chi-Ming Wang
Water 2018, 10(12), 1879; https://doi.org/10.3390/w10121879 - 19 Dec 2018
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3675
Abstract
This study proposed a two-phase risk analysis scheme for flood management considering flood inundation losses, including: (1) simplified qualitative-based risk analysis incorporating the principles of failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) to identify all potential failure modes associated with candidate flood control measures, [...] Read more.
This study proposed a two-phase risk analysis scheme for flood management considering flood inundation losses, including: (1) simplified qualitative-based risk analysis incorporating the principles of failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) to identify all potential failure modes associated with candidate flood control measures, to formulate a remedial action plan aiming for mitigating the inundation risk within an engineering system; and (2) detailed quantitative-based risk analysis to employ numerical models to specify the consequences including flood extent and resulting losses. Conventional qualitative-based risk analysis methods have shown to be time-efficient but without quantitative information for decision making. However, quantitative-based risk analysis methods have shown to be time- and cost- consuming for a full spectrum investigation. The proposed scheme takes the advantages of both qualitative-based and quantitative-based approaches of time-efficient, cost-saving, objective and quantitative features for better flood management in term of expected loss. The proposed scheme was applied to evaluate the Chiang-Yuan Drainage system located on Lin-Bien River in southern Taiwan, as a case study. The remedial action plan given by the proposed scheme has shown to greatly reduce the inundation area in both highlands and lowlands. These measures was investigated to reduce the water volume in the inundation area by 0.2 million cubic meters, even in the scenario that the flood recurrence interval exceeded the normal (10-year) design standard. Our results showed that the high downstream water stage in the downstream boundary may increase the inundation area both in downstream and upstream and along the original drainage channel in the vicinity of the diversion. The selected measures given by the proposed scheme have shown to substantially reduce the flood risk and resulting loss, taking account of various scenarios: short duration precipitation, decreased channel conveyance, pump station failure and so forth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Hydrologic Analysis in Disaster Prevention)
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14 pages, 3903 KiB  
Article
Nonlinear Simulation of Wave Train Impact on a Vertical Seawall
by Dezhi Ning, Xiang Li and Chongwei Zhang
Water 2018, 10(8), 986; https://doi.org/10.3390/w10080986 - 26 Jul 2018
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4038
Abstract
A 2D nonlinear numerical wave flume is developed to investigate the wave train impact on a vertical seawall. Fully nonlinear kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions are satisfied on the instantaneous free surface. Cases of single-, double- and multi-crest wave trains are discussed. For [...] Read more.
A 2D nonlinear numerical wave flume is developed to investigate the wave train impact on a vertical seawall. Fully nonlinear kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions are satisfied on the instantaneous free surface. Cases of single-, double- and multi-crest wave trains are discussed. For single-crest wave train cases, the present nonlinear results are compared with the solution of the Serre-Green-Naghdi (SGN) model, showing good agreement. For double-crest wave train cases, the SGN model underestimates the maximum wave run-up along the vertical seawall. Compared with the linear results, the nonlinearity for double-crest cases can lead to an evident increase of the wave run-up and high-frequency free-surface oscillations. Through a fast Fourier analysis, evident nonlinear characteristics of the time series of the wave run-up and wave load during the wave impact process are confirmed. For multi-crest wave train cases, irregular wave run-ups can be observed. In some cases, the wave run-up along the vertical seawall can reach about 6 times that of the incident wave, which should be considered carefully in a practical design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Hydrologic Analysis in Disaster Prevention)
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17 pages, 5720 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Multiple Typhoons on Severe Floods in the Mid-Latitude Region (Hokkaido)
by Nobuaki Kimura, Hirohide Kiri and Iwao Kitagawa
Water 2018, 10(7), 843; https://doi.org/10.3390/w10070843 - 25 Jun 2018
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4465
Abstract
Mid-latitude regions in the North Pacific are generally vulnerable to climatological disasters and are possibly more sensitive to future climate changes. Severe flood disasters struck Hokkaido in August 2016 because of the multiple, continuous typhoons that struck the island. We evaluated the effect [...] Read more.
Mid-latitude regions in the North Pacific are generally vulnerable to climatological disasters and are possibly more sensitive to future climate changes. Severe flood disasters struck Hokkaido in August 2016 because of the multiple, continuous typhoons that struck the island. We evaluated the effect of these typhoons on floods and changes in future floods using a distributed hydrological model in a watershed located in eastern Hokkaido. We conducted two numerical examinations: a simulation with a major typhoon only (which caused flood disasters) without other preceding typhoons, and a simulation with a simple assumed future climate (in which we employed higher precipitation). The result of the former simulation demonstrated that the impact of the preceding typhoons on the highest flood peak was significant during the early stage of the major typhoon but weaker after the middle stage of the major typhoon. The result of the latter simulation indicated that flood peaks potentially increased with an increase in precipitation. Based on the water level distributions in the surface layer, the impact of multiple typhoons and future weather conditions on potential flood peaks depends on the degree of soil saturation over our target watershed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Hydrologic Analysis in Disaster Prevention)
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