Sensors, Volume 23, Issue 13

Versatile Video Coding (VVC) introduces many new coding technologies, such as quadtree with nested multi-type tree (QTMT), which greatly improves the efficiency of VVC coding. However, its computational complexity is higher, which affects the applica...

There are increasing demands for the Internet of Things (IoT), wearable electronics, and medical implants. Wearable devices provide various important daily applications by monitoring real-life human activities. They demand low-cost autonomous operati...

Aiming at the problem of displacement of collapse direction caused by the impact of the high-rise reinforced concrete chimney in the process of blasting demolition, combined with the monitoring methods such as high-speed photography observation, piez...

The corrugated board is a versatile and durable material that is widely used in the packaging industry. Its unique structure provides strength and cushioning, while its recyclability and bio-degradability make it an environmentally friendly option. T...

The home monitoring of patients affected by chronic heart failure (CHF) is of key importance in preventing acute episodes. Nevertheless, no wearable technological solution exists to date. A possibility could be offered by Cardiac Time Intervals extra...

In this paper, we design a technologically intelligent wheelchair with eye-movement control for patients with ALS in a natural environment. The system consists of an electric wheelchair, a vision system, a two-dimensional robotic arm, and a main cont...

Road scene understanding is crucial to the safe driving of autonomous vehicles. Comprehensive road scene understanding requires a visual perception system to deal with a large number of tasks at the same time, which needs a perception model with a sm...

This research explores the application of an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted approach to enhance the selectivity of microwave sensors used for liquid mixture sensing. We utilized a planar microwave sensor comprising two coupled rectangular comp...

The manufacturing of photovoltaic cells is a complex and intensive process involving the exposure of the cell surface to high temperature differentials and external pressure, which can lead to the development of surface defects, such as micro-cracks....

Robotic systems for lower limb rehabilitation are essential for improving patients’ physical conditions in lower limb rehabilitation and assisting patients with various locomotor dysfunctions. These robotic systems mainly integrate sensors, act...

This paper presents for the first time a compact wideband bandpass filter in groove gap waveguide (GGW) technology. The structure is obtained by including metallic pins along the central part of the GGW bottom plate according to an n-order Chebyshev...

Surgical Instrument Signaling (SIS) is compounded by specific hand gestures used by the communication between the surgeon and surgical instrumentator. With SIS, the surgeon executes signals representing determined instruments in order to avoid error...

In some geographically challenging areas (such as deserts, seas, and forests) where direct connectivity to a terrestrial network is difficult, space communication is the only option. In these remote locations, Internet of Space Things (IoST) applicat...

This study examines the Land Surface Temperature (LST) trends in eight key Moroccan cities from 1990 to 2020, emphasizing the influential factors and disparities between coastal and inland areas. Geographically weighted regression (GWR), machine lear...

This paper aims to provide a metaheuristic approach to drone array optimization applied to coverage area maximization of wireless communication systems, with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) base stations, in the context of suburban, lightly to densely...

Recently, stereoscopic image quality assessment has attracted a lot attention. However, compared with 2D image quality assessment, it is much more difficult to assess the quality of stereoscopic images due to the lack of understanding of 3D visual pe...

Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have produced great achievements in various fields, many scholars are still exploring better network models, since CNNs have an inherent limitation—that is, the remote modeling ability of convolutio...

Pixelated low-gain avalanche diodes (LGADs) can provide both precision spatial and temporal measurements for charged particle detection; however, electrical termination between the pixels yields a no-gain region, such that the active area or fill fac...

Environmental Sound Recognition (ESR) plays a crucial role in smart cities by accurately categorizing audio using well-trained Machine Learning (ML) classifiers. This application is particularly valuable for cities that analyzed environmental sounds...

In this paper, we present two systolic array algorithms for efficient Very-Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) implementations of the 1-D Modified Discrete Sine Transform (MDST) using the systolic array architectural paradigm. The new algorithms decompose...

The direction of human gaze is an important indicator of human behavior, reflecting the level of attention and cognitive state towards various visual stimuli in the environment. Convolutional neural networks have achieved good performance in gaze est...

Smart respiratory therapy is enabled by continual assessment of lung functions. This systematic review provides an overview of the suitability of equipment-to-patient acoustic imaging in continual assessment of lung conditions. The literature search...

A novel hybrid Harris Hawk-Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (HHAOA) for optimizing the Industrial Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) and real-time pressure process control was proposed in this research article. The proposed algorithm uses inspiration fro...

The landing gear structure suffers from large loads during aircraft takeoff and landing, and an accurate prediction of landing gear performance is beneficial to ensure flight safety. Nevertheless, the landing gear performance prediction method based...

In recent years, human activity recognition (HAR) has gained significant interest from researchers in the sports and fitness industries. In this study, the authors have proposed a cascaded method including two classifying stages to classify fitness e...

Pipeline magnetic flux leakage inspection is widely used in the evaluation of material defect detection due to its advantages of having no coupling agent and easy implementation. The quantification of defect size is an important part of magnetic flux...

The paper proposes a topology-free specification of distributed control systems by means of a process-oriented programming paradigm. The proposed approach was characterized, on the one hand, by a topologically independent specification of the control...

Accurately detecting nitrogen (N) deficiency and determining the need for additional N fertilizer is a key challenge to achieving precise N management in many crops, including rice (Oryza sativa L.). Many remotely sensed vegetation indices (VIs) have...

Distinguishing pathological gait is challenging in neurology because of the difficulty of capturing total body movement and its analysis. We aimed to obtain a convenient recording with an iPhone and establish an algorithm based on deep learning. From...

Infrared small-target enhancement in complex contexts is one of the key technologies for infrared search and tracking systems. The effect of enhancement directly determines the reliability of the monitoring equipment. To address the problem of the lo...

Leak detection and localization of liquid or gas is of great significance to avoid potential danger and reduce the waste of resources. Leak detection and localization methods are varied and uniquely suited to specific application scenarios. The exist...

This research paper aimed to validate two methods for measuring loads during walking with instrumented crutches: one method to estimate partial weight-bearing on the lower limbs and another to estimate shoulder joint reactions. Currently, gait labora...

Speech emotion recognition (SER) is a challenging task in human–computer interaction (HCI) systems. One of the key challenges in speech emotion recognition is to extract the emotional features effectively from a speech utterance. Despite the pr...

An improved Dijkstra algorithm based on adaptive resolution grid (ARG) is proposed to assist manual transmission line planning, shorten the construction period and achieve lower cost and higher efficiency of line selection. Firstly, the semantic segm...

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential impact of guided imagery (GI) on attentional control and cognitive performance and to explore the relationship between guided imagery, stress reduction, alpha brainwave activity, and attentional...

Stable and uniform beams with low divergence are required in particle accelerators; therefore, beyond the accelerated current, measuring the beam current spatial uniformity and stability over time is necessary to assess the beam performance, since th...

One of the strengths of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is that a large amount of data can be measured relatively easily in a short time, which makes LIBS interesting in many areas, from geomaterial analysis with portable handheld instrum...

Extracting the profiles of images is critical because it can bring simplified description and draw special attention to particular areas in the images. In our work, we designed two filters via the exponential and hypotenuse functions for profile extr...

The development of internet technology has brought us benefits, but at the same time, there has been a surge in network attack incidents, posing a serious threat to network security. In the real world, the amount of attack data is much smaller than n...

Water Loss (WL) is a global issue. In Italy, for instance, WL reached 36.2% of the total fresh water conveyed in 2020. The maintenance of a water supply system is a strategic task that requires a huge amount of investment every year. In this work, we...

The present study contains an experimental analysis of the vibratory response in a low-cylinder engine motorcycle at varying suspension preloads. Three different speed bumps of varying heights were used to subject the motorcycle to different vibratio...

Methamphetamine (MAP) is a highly addictive and illegal stimulant drug that has a significant impact on the central nervous system. Its detection in biological and street samples is crucial for various organizations involved in forensic medicine, ant...

The translation of the base of support represents a promising approach for the objective assessment of dynamic balance control. Therefore, this study aimed to present a servo-controlled, electrically driven movable plate and a new set of parameters b...

Despite the substantial progress achieved in the development and integration of augmented reality (AR) in surgical robotic and autonomous systems (RAS), the center of focus in most devices remains on improving end-effector dexterity and precision, as...

Already for some decades lateral flow assays (LFAs) are ‘common use’ devices in our daily life. Also, for forensic use LFAs are developed, such as for the analysis of illicit drugs and DNA, but also for the detection of explosives and bod...

Fault alarm time lag is one of the difficulties in fault diagnosis of wind turbine generators (WTGs), and the existing methods are insufficient to achieve accurate and rapid fault diagnosis of WTGs, and the operation and maintenance costs of WTGs are...

Detection of fatigue is extremely important in the development of different kinds of preventive systems (such as driver monitoring or operator monitoring for accident prevention). The presence of fatigue for this task should be determined with physio...

A heartbeat generates tiny mechanical vibrations, mainly due to the opening and closing of heart valves. These vibrations can be recorded by accelerometers and gyroscopes applied on a subject’s chest. In particular, the local 3D linear accelera...

With the increasing need for particulate matter (PM) monitoring, the demand for light-scattering sensors that allow for real-time measurements of PM is increasing. This light-scattering method involves irradiating light to the aerosols in the atmosph...

While deep learning algorithms have advanced to a great extent, they are all designed for frame-based imagers that capture images at a high frame rate, which leads to a high storage requirement, heavy computations, and very high power consumption. Un...