Diagnostics, Volume 11, Issue 4

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used due to their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. As many as 1–3% of the population are currently on GC treatment. Prolonged therapy with GCs is associated with an increased risk of GC-induced adrenal...

Despite the differences in the clinical manifestations of major obstetric syndromes, such as preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), their pathogenesis is based on the dysregulation of proliferation, differentiation, and invasio...

Calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA; calciphylaxis) is a severe form of vascular calcification with no approved therapies. A standardized wound assessment tool is needed to evaluate changes in calciphylaxis wounds over time. A prospective, single-arm...

The 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak had detrimental effects on essential medical services such as organ and tissue donation. Lombardy, one of the most active Italian regions in organ/tissue procurement, has been strongly affected by the...

The advent of molecular diagnostics and the rising number of targeted therapies have facilitated development of precision oncology for cancer patients. In order to demonstrate its impact for patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC), we initiated...

Lung sounds remain vital in clinical diagnosis as they reveal associations with pulmonary pathologies. With COVID-19 spreading across the world, it has become more pressing for medical professionals to better leverage artificial intelligence for fast...

Abusive head trauma (AHT) represents a commonly misdiagnosed condition. In fact, there is no pathognomonic sign that allows the diagnosis in children. Therefore, it is such an important medico-legal challenge to evaluate reliable diagnostic tools. Th...

Background: The increased prevalence of obesity among children determined the rising number of its comorbidities in children and adults, too. This study aimed to evaluate certain markers of inflammation and insulin resistance in obese pediatric patie...

Background: Increasing evidences support a correlation between magnesium (Mg) homeostasis and colorectal cancer (CRC). Nevertheless, the role of Mg and its transporters as diagnostic markers in CRC is still a matter of debate. In this study we combin...

The 15q11.2 breakpoint (BP) 1–BP2 deletion syndrome is emerging as the most frequent pathogenic copy number variation in humans related to neurodevelopmental diseases, with changes in cognition, behavior, and brain morphology. Previous publications h...

Background: We aimed to examine the feasibility and potential benefit of applying PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST) for response monitoring in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Further, we introduced the nadir scan as a reference. Methods...

The orbit represents an unusual metastases site for patients diagnosed with cancer, however, breast cancer is the main cause of metastases at this level. These orbital metastases were discovered in patients with a history of breast cancer as unique o...

Breast cancer (BRCA) is one of the most complex diseases and involves several biological processes. Members of the L-antigen (LAGE) family participate in the development of various cancers, but their expressions and prognostic values in breast cancer...

The purpose of this study was to identify circulating biomarkers of recurrent non-infectious anterior uveitis (NIAU), and to address the anti-inflammatory effects of triglyceride containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA-TG). A prospective multicenter stu...

We present herein a rare case of uterine serous carcinoma with mesonephric-like differentiation (SC-MLD) initially misdiagnosed as mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma (MLA). A 51-year-old woman underwent total hysterectomy for a uterine tumor. Histologic...

Background: Periodic circadian protein homolog 2 (PER2) has a role in the intracellular signaling pathways of long-term potentiation and has implications for synaptic plasticity. We aimed to assess the association of PER2 C111G polymorphism with cogn...

This study aims to investigate displacements and reductions of distal radius fractures using measurement indices based on the computer-aided three-dimensional (3D) radius shape model. Fifty-two distal radius fracture patients who underwent osteosynth...

Background: Obesity is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with increased circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). Bariatric surgery has been reported to be effective in improving both inflammatory and liver status. Our aims were to el...

According to European Society of Cardiology guidelines (ESC2015) for infective endocarditis (IE) management, modified Duke criteria (mDC) are implemented with a degree of clinical suspicion degree, leading to grades such as “possible” or “rejected” I...

Cervical cancer remains a major public health concern in developing countries due to financial and human resource constraints. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) of the cervix was widely promoted and routinely used as a low-cost primary screeni...

Background: To date, useful diagnostic applications of p16 IHC have been documented in gynecological pathology both for HPV-related and non-HPV-related lesions. In the present article, we reported our experience with the novel anti-p16 INK4a antibody...

Purpose: This study aims to determine whether semiquantitative parameters obtained from both the primary tumor and metastatic pelvic lymph nodes (PLN) diagnosed in fluoro-18-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET-CT) are associated with...

Objective: The assessment of the usefulness of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) when qualifying patients with uterine fibroids (UFs) for magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity ultrasound (MR-HIFU). Material and methods...

The present study was designed to assess the additional value of 2-deoxy-2[¹⁸F]fluoro-D-glucose ([¹⁸F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the treatment response assessment of multiple...

Introduction: Despite the introduction of increasingly multifaceted diagnostic techniques and the general advances in emergency abdominal and vascular surgery, the outcome of treatment of patients with acute impaired intestinal circulation remains un...

Simultaneous occurrence of pneumoperitoneum, pneumoretroperitoneum, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema is rare. The most reported mechanisms are barotrauma, thermal injury and instrument puncture caused by colonoscopy. Ectopic air may trave...

Copy number variations (CNVs) represent a type of structural variant involving alterations in the number of copies of specific regions of DNA that can either be deleted or duplicated. CNVs contribute substantially to normal population variability, ho...

Colonization of breast carcinoma by non-neoplastic melanocytes of epidermal origin was first described by Azzopardi and Eusebi in 1977. We herein report two cases on the exceptional clinical and pathological features of this phenomenon in a 66-year-o...

In addition to kidney diseases characterized by the precipitation and deposition of overproduced monoclonal immunoglobulin and kidney damage due to chemotherapy agents, a broad spectrum of renal lesions may be found in patients with hematologic malig...

The aim of this cross-sectional study is to propose an efficient strategy based on biomarkers adjunct with an interview/questionnaire covering risk factors for periodontitis for the identification of undiagnosed periodontitis by medical professionals...

Background: Thromboelastography (TEG^®) measures coagulation function in venous blood. Previous studies have reported that this device providing an integrated data on dynamics of clot formation may be useful for predicting clinical outcome in ischemic...

At present, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) based on deep learning in the medical field has become more extensive and suitable for clinical practice compared with traditional machine learning. The application of traditional machine le...

Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) are a rare subtype of soft-tissue mass and are frequently misinterpreted as benign lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the primary recommended type of diagnostics. To assess the quality of primary radiology reports...

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease which can involve every organ, and can manifest with nonspecific clinical pictures that can be misdiagnosed with those observed with other disorders [...]

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic created an unprecedented public health emergency. Early recognition of an infected person and disruption of the transmission pathway are the keys to controlling this major public health threat a...

Ovarian carcinomas represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms consisting of separate entities with distinct risk factors, precursor lesions, pathogenesis, patterns of spread, molecular profiles, clinical course, response to chemotherapy, and outcom...

Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) is advised for right ventricular (RV) assessment. Data regarding the optimal acquisition settings and optimization are still scarce. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility, reproducibility and validation of 3DE...

A multiplex rapid detection system, based on a PCR-lateral flow biosensor (mPCR-LFB) was developed to identify Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A from suspected carriers. The lower detection limit for S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A was 0.16 and...

Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders that affect about one in every thousand individuals worldwide. The vast majority of NMDs has a genetic cause, with about 600 genes already identified. Application of genetic t...

Dendritic cells (DCs) constitute a part of the tumour microenvironment, but we are still far from understanding their complex role in immune response to the tumour. This study aimed to investigate the density of DCs expressing CD1a, CD83, CD123, DC-L...

Ovarian cancer remains a major diagnostic and therapeutic problem in modern gynecological oncology. For this reason, research which focuses on the search for new diagnostic markers and the assessment of their possible usefulness in clinical practice...

Background: Although cardiovascular imaging techniques are widely used to diagnose myocardial ischemia in patients with suspected stable coronary artery disease (CAD), they have limitations related to lack of specificity, sensitivity and “late” diagn...

Tumor classification and segmentation problems have attracted interest in recent years. In contrast to the abundance of studies examining brain, lung, and liver cancers, there has been a lack of studies using deep learning to classify and segment kne...

Pathology results are central to modern medical practice, informing diagnosis and patient management. To ensure high standards from pathology laboratories, regulators require compliance with international and local standards. In Australia, the monito...

Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) entails a variable group of lung diseases of unknown etiology. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, interstitial lung diseases related to connective tissue disease (CTD-ILD), and h...

Using a white-matter selective double inversion recovery sequence (WM-DIR) that suppresses both grey matter (GM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) signals, some white matter (WM) lesions appear surrounded by a dark rim. These dark rim lesions (DRLs) seem...

The aim of this study was to segment the maxillary sinus into the maxillary bone, air, and lesion, and to evaluate its accuracy by comparing and analyzing the results performed by the experts. We randomly selected 83 cases of deep active learning. Ou...

Background: To present a new method of urethral pressure examination, and to evaluate diagnostic capabilities of three-dimensional profilometry, as an alternative to classical urethral profile (UPP). Using five channel catheters and dedicated softwar...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a growing prevalence in recent years. Its association with cardiovascular disease has been intensively studied, and certain correlations have been identified. The connection between these two entities has...

The diagnosis of benign and malignant soft tissue and bone neoplasms is a challenging area of surgical pathology, due to the large number, rarity, and histologic diversity of tumor types. In recent years, diagnosis and classification has been aided s...