Diagnostics, Volume 12, Issue 6

False negative (FN) results in cervical cancer (CC) screening pose serious risks to women. We present a comprehensive literature review on the risks and reasons of obtaining the FN results of primary CC screening tests and triage methods and discuss...

Hodgkin lymphomas (HLs) are lymphoid neoplasms that are morphologically defined as being composed of dysplastic cells, namely, Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg cells, in a reactive inflammatory background. The biological nature of HLs has long been u...

Since the identification of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a huge effort in terms of diagnostic strategies has been deployed. To date, serological assays represent a valuable tool for the identification of recovered C...

Background: The collum angle (CA) is an extremely significant for patients who are undergoing orthodontic, dental implant restoration, prosthodontic and periodontic treatments. Aim and Objectives: To determine and compare the mean CA for maxillary ce...

Underreporting of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a global problem and might hamper Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) epidemiological control. Taking this into consideration, we estimated possible SARS-CoV-2 inf...

The leading diagnostic tool in modern ophthalmology, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), is not yet able to establish the evolution of retinal diseases. Our task is to forecast the progression of retinal diseases by means of machine learning technolo...

The world is grappling with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the causative agent of which is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 symptoms are similar to the common cold, including fever, sore throat...

Purpose: To describe optical principles and utility of inexpensive, portable, non-contact digital smartphone-based camera for the acquisition of fundus photographs for the evaluation of retinal disorders. Methods: The digital camera has a high-qualit...

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Surgery remains the first-choice treatment. Chemotherapy is considered in the middle and advanced stages, but has limited success. Micr...

Background: Chest Computed Tomography (CT) imaging has played a central role in the diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia in patients affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and can be used to obtain the extent of lung...

The management of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) is integrative and multidisciplinary, in which cardiac rehabilitation (CR) plays a prognostic role in terms of functional status, quality of life, and long-term impact on morbidity and m...

Passive microwave radiometry (MWR) is a measurement technique based on the detection of passive radiation in the microwave spectrum of different objects. When in equilibrium, this radiation is known to be proportional to the thermodynamic temperature...

An inflammatory pseudotumor is a benign disease characterized by tumor-like lesions consisting of inflammatory cells including plasma cells and fibrous tissue. Recently, some inflammatory pseudotumor cases proved to be a form of Immunoglobulin G4-rel...

In this study, we established an explainable and personalized risk prediction model for in-hospital mortality after continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) initiation. This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Changhua Christian Hospital (...

Hospital payments depend on the Medicare Severity Diagnosis-Related Group’s estimated cost and the set of diagnoses identified during inpatient stays. However, over-coding and under-coding diagnoses can occur for different reasons, leading to f...

This review centers on the usefulness of echo-Doppler studies in the diagnosis of ostium secundum atrial septal defects (ASDs) and in their management, both in children and adults. Transthoracic echocardiography can easily identify the secundum ASDs...

CNN-based image processing has been actively applied to histopathological analysis to detect and classify cancerous tumors automatically. However, CNN-based classifiers generally predict a label with overconfidence, which becomes a serious problem in...

Ischemic heart disease is one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Revascularization of coronary stenosis inducing ischemia, either by percutaneous or surgical intervention, significantly reduces major adverse cardiovasc...

Estimating the post-mortem interval (PMI) is a very complex issue due to numerous variables that may affect the calculation. Several authors have investigated the quantitative and qualitative variations of protein expression on post-mortem biological...

Raman Spectroscopy has long been anticipated to augment clinical decision making, such as classifying oncological samples. Unfortunately, the complexity of Raman data has thus far inhibited their routine use in clinical settings. Traditional machine...

Background and Objectives: Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, health systems worldwide adapted to support COVID-19 patients while continuing to provide assistance to patients with other potentially fatal illnesses. While patients with cancer may be at...

Precision oncology, which ensures optimized cancer treatment tailored to the unique biology of a patient’s disease, has rapidly developed and is of great clinical importance. Deep learning has become the main method for precision oncology. This paper...

Performances of the colistin antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) systems of Acinetobacter baumannii vary depending on the manufacturer, and data on colistin-resistant A. baumannii are limited. We evaluated the VITEK2 and Sensititre systems to...

This study investigated whether the triglyceride (TG) glucose (TyG) index at diagnosis could predict acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). The medical records of 152 AAV...

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the performances of a rapid diagnostic test (RDT)—the AllTest Malaria p.f./p.v., microscopy, and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for diagnosing Plasmodium falciparum malaria in 400 febrile patie...

Mycobacteria identification is crucial to diagnose tuberculosis. Since the bacillus is very small, finding it in Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN)-stained slides is a long task requiring significant pathologist’s effort. We developed an automated (AI-ba...

For diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection and for monitoring its spread, the implementation of external quality assessment (EQA) schemes is mandatory to assess and ensure a standard quality according to national and international guidelines. Here, we prese...

Background: The previous COVID-19 lung diagnosis system lacks both scientific validation and the role of explainable artificial intelligence (AI) for understanding lesion localization. This study presents a cloud-based explainable AI, the “COVLIAS 2....

Although drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major target of the pharmaceutical industry, we currently lack an efficient model for evaluating liver toxicity in the early stage of its development. Recent progress in artificial intelligence-based dee...

The orbit is a closed compartment defined by the orbital bones and the orbital septum. Some diseases of the orbit and the optic nerve are associated with an increased orbital compartment pressure (OCP), e.g., retrobulbar hemorrhage or thyroid eye dis...

An automatic pathological diagnosis is a challenging task because histopathological images with different cellular heterogeneity representations are sometimes limited. To overcome this, we investigated how the holistic and local appearance features w...

The number of overweight and obese patients in developed countries is gradually increasing. It was reported that 1287 (64%) out of 2007 adults operated on in 2017 had a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 kg/m², and 26.4% even greater than 30, whil...

Background: To compare the diagnostic efficacy of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and ultrasound across breast densities in women recalled for assessment. Methods: A total of 482 women recalled for assessment from January 2017 to December 2019 wer...

(1) Background: Despite progression in surgical techniques and immunological treatments, hepatic artery (HA) thrombosis and stenosis still develop as an early or late liver transplant (LT) complication. We aimed to compare superb microvascular imagin...

The management of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and previous or synchronous colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a challenging issue. A systematic review was performed in May 2022 to summarize available evidence about the diagnosis, management, a...

During the 90 days following hospitalization for acute heart failure, the ejection fraction and type of discharge medications have been shown in clinical trials to have little effect on mortality. We examined the recent literature addressing brain-re...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been regarded as the leading cause of death with 32% of the total deaths around the world. Owing to the large number of symptoms related to age, gender, demographics, and ethnicity, diagnosing CVDs is a challenging...

(1) Background. This paper presents a case of hip joints that were initially described as either normal or physiologically immature in four successive ultrasound examinations using the static method by Graf; however, the final treatment of the patien...

The aim of this study was to assess the stiffness of each lower limb joint in healthy persons walking at varying speeds when fatigued. The study included 24 subjects (all male; age: 28.16 ± 7.10 years; height: 1.75 ± 0.04 m; weight: 70....

Background: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) represents the most prevalent genital infection in young women of reproductive age. Objective: This systematic review aims to estimate the effect of HPV infection during pregnancy and assess the correlation bet...

Atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) is a rarely reported fetal finding. Its definition is variable, but the diagnosis is usually made when the foramen ovale flap extends at least halfway across the left atrium. It is considered a transient, self-limiting co...

Differential diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis is essential because therapeutic approaches differ based on disease etiology. We aimed to perform differential diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis using machine learning algorithms with initial laboratory findings. Th...

Artificial intelligence is gaining increasing relevance in the field of radiology. This study retrospectively evaluates how a commercially available deep learning algorithm can detect pneumonia in chest radiographs (CR) in emergency departments. The...

To evaluate whether the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of an iodinated contrast agent in virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) from the first clinical photon-counting detector (PCD) CT scanner is superior to VMI CNR from a dual-source dual-energy CT scan...

The prediction of obstructive atherosclerotic disease has significant clinical meaning for the decision making. In this study, a machine learning predictive model based on gradient boosting classifier is presented, aiming to identify the patients of...

This study was designed to develop machine-learning models to predict COVID-19 mortality and identify its key features based on clinical characteristics and laboratory tests. For this, deep-learning (DL) and machine-learning (ML) models were develope...

In vivo MR spectroscopy is a non -invasive methodology that provides information about the biochemistry of tissues. It is available as a “push-button” application on state-of-the-art clinical MR scanners. MR spectroscopy has been used to...

Peripheral nerve sheath tumors encompass a wide spectrum of lesions with different biological behavior, including both benign and malignant neoplasms as well as the recent diagnostic category, i.e., “atypical neurofibromatous neoplasm with unce...

This study aimed to assess the diagnostic values of peptidoglycan (PGN), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and (1,3)-Beta-D-Glucan (BDG) in patients with suspected bloodstream infection. We collected 493 heparin anticoagulant samples from patients undergoing...

In critically ill patients, standard transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) generally does not facilitate good image quality during mechanical ventilation. We propose a prone-TTE in prone positioned patients, which allows clinicians to obtain a complet...