Streptomyces albidoflavus Strain CARA17 as a Biocontrol Agent against Fungal Soil-Borne Pathogens of Fennel Plants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Morphological and Molecular Identification
2.2. Inhibitory Activity against Fungal Pathogens in Dual Cultures
2.3. Assessment of Toxicity/Pathogenicity of CARA17 on Cucumis sativus L. cotyledons In Vitro
2.4. Assessment of Antagonistic Effectiveness of CARA17 Strain on Foeniculum vulgare L. Seedlings against Fungal Soil-Borne Pathogens In Vivo
2.5. Plant Growth Promotion by Streptomyces Strain In Vivo
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Isolation and Identification of Actinomycetes Strains
4.2. Fungal Soil-Borne Phytopathogens
4.3. Inhibitory Activity against Fungal Pathogens in Dual Cultures
4.4. Assessment of Toxicity/Pathogenicity of CARA17 Strain on Cucumis sativus L. Cotyledons In Vitro
4.5. Assessment of Antagonistic Effectiveness of CARA17 Strain on Foeniculum vulgare L. Seedlings against Fungal soil-borne pathogens In Vivo
4.6. Plant Growth Promotion by Streptomyces Strain In Vivo
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Inibition Activity (IA) % | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fungal Soilborne Isolates | 14 Days a | 21 Days | 28 Days | |||
Mean | Min–Max c | Mean | Min–Max | Mean | Min–Max | |
Athelia rolfsii | 15.08 D b | 14.92–15.25 | 4.31 D | 4.12–4.50 | 0.00 D | 0.00–0.00 |
Verticillium dahliae | 87.42 C | 86.31–86.54 | 77.15 BC | 76.96–77.34 | 71.30 C | 71.28–71.32 |
Plectosphaerella ramiseptata | 96.35 B | 96.33–96.74 | 84.82 B | 84.58–85.07 | 82.73 B | 82.27–83.19 |
Fusarium oxysporum | 88.26 D | 88.63–87.89 | 84.91 B | 82.32–87.50 | 84.71 B | 80.82–88.60 |
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum | 100.00 A | 100.00–100.00 | 100.00 A | 100.00–100.00 | 100.00 A | 100.00–100.00 |
Description Symptoms Recodered | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment with CARA17 Strain | Fungal Pathogen | Root | DS | Leaves | DS | Re-Isolation from Root (%) | |
TEST 1 | Dipping | Athelia rolfsii | No disease symptoms | 0.0 | No disease symptoms | 0.0 | 13.3 |
Dipping | Fusarium oxysporum | Light root browning | 0.9 | Light growth reduction and yellowing | 0.6 | 13.3 | |
Dipping | Plectosphaerella ramiseptata | Light root growth reduction | 0.6 | Light apical yellowing | 0.4 | 13.3 | |
Dipping | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum | No disease symptoms | 0.0 | No disease symptoms | 0.0 | 13.3 | |
Dipping | Verticillium dahliae | Light root growth reduction | 0.8 | Light growth reduction | 0.7 | 26.6 | |
Dipping | No fungal pathogen | No disease symptoms | 0.0 | No disease symptoms | 0.0 | - | |
TEST 2 | After transplanting | Athelia rolfsii | No disease symptoms | 0.0 | No disease symptoms | 0.0 | 26.6 |
After transplanting | Fusarium oxysporum | Root growth reduction | 1.9 | Growth reduction and yellowing | 1.2 | 40.0 | |
After transplanting | Plectosphaerella ramiseptata | Root browning | 1.9 | Growth reduction and yellowing | 1.5 | 86.6 | |
After transplanting | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum | Light root growth reduction | 0.6 | No disease symptoms | 0.0 | 33.3 | |
After transplanting | Verticillium dahliae | Root growth reduction | 1.8 | Growth reduction | 1.8 | 80.0 | |
After transplanting | No fungal pathogen | No disease symptoms | 0.0 | No disease symptoms | 0.0 | - | |
No treatment | Athelia rolfsii | Root browning and rot | 4.8 | Growth reduction and yellowing | 2.7 | 100.0 | |
No treatment | Fusarium oxysporum | Root browning | 2.7 | Growth reduction and yellowing | 1.8 | 86.6 | |
No treatment | Plectosphaerella ramiseptata | Root browning | 2.9 | Growth reduction and yellowing | 1.7 | 93.3 | |
No treatment | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum | Root browning and rot | 2.1 | Growth reduction | 1.4 | 93.3 | |
No treatment | Verticillium dahliae | Root growth reduction | 2.3 | Growth reduction | 1.5 | 80.0 | |
Control | No fungal pathogen | No disease symptoms | 0.0 | No disease symptoms | 0.0 | - |
Growth Promotion by Biomass * (gr) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fresh | Dry | |||||
Treatment with CARA17 Strain | Fungal Pathogen | Mean ** | SD § | Mean | SD | |
TEST 1 | Dipping | A. rolfsii | 93.11 E † | 5.13 | 11.69 D | 2.64 |
Dipping | F. oxysporum | 85.07 D | 3.97 | 6.90 B | 0.83 | |
Dipping | P. ramiseptata | 85.57 D | 4.14 | 7.15 BC | 1.71 | |
Dipping | S. sclerotiorum | 87.27 D | 7.04 | 8.23 C | 0.92 | |
Dipping | V. dahliae | 85.15 D | 3.33 | 6.86 B | 0.99 | |
Dipping | No fungal pathogen | 165.03 H | 15.60 | 14.43 E | 2.47 | |
TEST 2 | After transplanting | A. rolfsii | 69.95 C | 10.02 | 8.81 C | 2.13 |
After transplanting | F. oxysporum | 60.05 C | 2.37 | 6.25 B | 0.57 | |
After transplanting | P. ramiseptata | 45.20 A | 7.00 | 4.93 AB | 0.61 | |
After transplanting | S. sclerotiorum | 87.27 D | 5.29 | 7.35 BC | 0.99 | |
After transplanting | V. dahliae | 69.97 C | 11.14 | 6.34 B | 2.16 | |
After transplanting | No fungal pathogen | 122.86 G | 15.76 | 12.74 DE | 1.74 | |
No treatment | A. rolfsii | 38.13 A | 5.69 | 4.15 A | 0.34 | |
No treatment | F. oxysporum | 47.69 AB | 3.69 | 5.09 AB | 0.24 | |
No treatment | P. ramiseptata | 48.33 AB | 4.56 | 6.03 B | 0.61 | |
No treatment | S. sclerotiorum | 44.08 A | 4.68 | 4.89 AB | 0.70 | |
No treatment | V. dahliae | 45.51 A | 6.20 | 5.00 AB | 0.29 | |
Control | No fungal pathogen | 101.61 F | 7.00 | 11.66 D | 1.61 |
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Carlucci, A.; Raimondo, M.L.; Colucci, D.; Lops, F. Streptomyces albidoflavus Strain CARA17 as a Biocontrol Agent against Fungal Soil-Borne Pathogens of Fennel Plants. Plants 2022, 11, 1420. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111420
Carlucci A, Raimondo ML, Colucci D, Lops F. Streptomyces albidoflavus Strain CARA17 as a Biocontrol Agent against Fungal Soil-Borne Pathogens of Fennel Plants. Plants. 2022; 11(11):1420. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111420
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlucci, Antonia, Maria Luisa Raimondo, Donato Colucci, and Francesco Lops. 2022. "Streptomyces albidoflavus Strain CARA17 as a Biocontrol Agent against Fungal Soil-Borne Pathogens of Fennel Plants" Plants 11, no. 11: 1420. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111420