Long-Term Straw Returning Enhances Phosphorus Uptake by Zea mays L. through Mediating Microbial Biomass Phosphorus Turnover and Root Functional Traits
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Crop Yield and P Uptake
2.2. Soil Nutrient Availability
2.3. Soil P Availability
2.4. Microbial Biomass and Functionality
2.5. Root P-Acquisition Strategies
2.6. Drivers of Crop P Uptake under Different Fertilizer Regimes
3. Discussion
3.1. Response of Shoot P Uptake and Soil P Availability to Different Fertilizer Regimes
3.2. Microbial Biomass and Functional Traits Vary among Different Fertilizer Regimes
3.3. Root P-Acquisition Strategies in Response to Different Fertilizer Regimes
3.4. Phosphorus Mobilization Drivers Varied among Fertilizer Treatments
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Experimental Site
4.2. Experimental Design
4.3. Harvest and Measurements
4.3.1. Plant Sampling and Measurements
4.3.2. Soil and Rhizosphere Sampling and Measurements
4.4. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Phosphorus Activation Coefficient (PAC 1, %) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0–10 cm | 10–20 cm | 20–30 cm | 30–40 cm | |
CK | 20.4 ± 0.5 b | 19.3 ± 0.2 ab | 5.16 ± 0.64 b | 2.16 ± 0.32 a |
NPK | 22.6 ± 0.4 b | 22.3 ± 0.7 a | 4.14 ± 0.51 b | 2.14 ± 0.55a |
0.75NPK | 22.2 ± 0.6 b | 16.8 ± 0.3 b | 1.75 ± 0.57 b | 1.67 ± 0.28 a |
SNPK | 68.3 ± 0.1 a | 21.8 ± 0.1 a | 11.7 ± 0.6 a | 1.56 ± 0.17 a |
Treatment | Average MBP (mg kg−1) | Total Released P (mg kg−1) | Turnover Rate (Year−1) | Annual MBP Flux (kg P ha−1 year−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 10.3 ± 0.5 | 4.8 ± 2.6 | 0.58 ± 0.23 | 12.0 ± 3.4 |
NPK | 11.3 ± 0.6 | 5.9 ± 1.0 | 0.52 ± 0.14 | 14.7 ± 1.8 |
0.75NPK | 12.5 ± 1.0 | 6.3 ± 1.1 | 0.53 ± 0.09 | 16.3 ± 3.8 |
SNPK | 17.6 ± 0.6 | 8.9 ± 1.5 | 0.60 ± 0.1 | 21.3 ± 4.5 |
Significance level (p) | ||||
Fertilizer | 0.002 | 0.015 | 0.578 | 0.013 |
Treatments | pH | SOC (g kg−1) | TN (g kg−1) | AN (mg kg−1) | AP (mg kg−1) | AK (mg kg−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 5.53 (0.18) | 1.30 (0.04) | 1.0 (0.11) | 99.5 (9.2) | 10.5 (1.3) | 71.5 (10.2) |
NPK | 5.54 (0.20) | 1.32 (0.02) | 1.5 (0.21) | 119.8 (13.2) | 12.6 (1.5) | 73.9 (11.5) |
0.75NPK | 5.62 (0.04) | 1.33 (0.04) | 1.3 (0.13) | 102.3 (11.2) | 13.2 (2.2) | 75.1 (8.9) |
SNPK | 6.02 (0.05) | 1.52 (0.02) | 1.2 (0.21) | 125.2 (33.2) | 15.6 (2.1) | 79.3 (6.5) |
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Tang, X.; Zhou, Y.; Wu, R.; Wu, K.; Zhao, H.; Wang, W.; Zhang, Y.; Huang, R.; Wu, Y.; Li, B.; et al. Long-Term Straw Returning Enhances Phosphorus Uptake by Zea mays L. through Mediating Microbial Biomass Phosphorus Turnover and Root Functional Traits. Plants 2024, 13, 2389. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172389
Tang X, Zhou Y, Wu R, Wu K, Zhao H, Wang W, Zhang Y, Huang R, Wu Y, Li B, et al. Long-Term Straw Returning Enhances Phosphorus Uptake by Zea mays L. through Mediating Microbial Biomass Phosphorus Turnover and Root Functional Traits. Plants. 2024; 13(17):2389. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172389
Chicago/Turabian StyleTang, Xiaoyan, Yuxin Zhou, Runjuan Wu, Kuilin Wu, Hui Zhao, Wanyi Wang, Yanyan Zhang, Rong Huang, Yingjie Wu, Bing Li, and et al. 2024. "Long-Term Straw Returning Enhances Phosphorus Uptake by Zea mays L. through Mediating Microbial Biomass Phosphorus Turnover and Root Functional Traits" Plants 13, no. 17: 2389. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172389