Magnetic Field (MF) Applications in Plants: An Overview
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Effects of MF Application on Plant Development
2.1. Effects of Magnetic Treatments on Seed Germination
2.2. MW Effects on Seeds Germination and Plant Growth
2.3. Effects of MFs on Reducing Oxidative Damage
2.4. Alleviation of Abiotic Stresses
3. The Effects of MFs on Microalgae
4. Possible Mechanisms of Magnetopriming
5. Conclusions and Prospects
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Kataria, S.; Jain, M. Magnetopriming Alleviates Adverse Effects of Abiotic Stresses in Plants. In Plant Tolerance to Environmental Stress, 1st ed.; Role of, phytoprotectants; Hasanuzzaman, M., Fujita, M., Oku, H., Islam, T.M., Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2019; pp. 427–442. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Waqas, M.; Korres, N.E.; Khan, M.D.; Nizami, A.-S.; Deeba, F.; Ali, I.; Hussain, H. Advances in the concept and methods of seed priming. In Priming and Pretreatment of Seeds and Seedlings; Hasanuzzaman, M., Fotopoulos, V., Eds.; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2019; pp. 11–41. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Athari Nia, M.; Noori, M.; Ghanati, F. Effect of static magnetic field on certain physiological and biochemical features of Cicer arietinum in vegetative growth phase. Pajouhesh Sazandegi 2008, 21, 62–68. [Google Scholar]
- Zhadin, M.N. Review of Russian literature on biological action of DC and low-frequency AC magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2001, 22, 27–45. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kordas, L. The effect of magnetic field on growth, development and the yield of spring wheat. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2002, 11, 527–530. [Google Scholar]
- Mahajan, T.S.; Pandey, O.P. Magnetic-time model at off-season germination. Int. Agrophys 2014, 28, 57–62. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Efthimiadou, A.; Katsenios, N.; Karkanis, A.; Papastylianou, P.; Triantafyllidis, V.; Travlos, I.; Bilalis, D.J. Effects of presowing pulsed electromagnetic treatment of tomato seed on growth, yield, and lycopene content. Sci. World J. 2014, 1–6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Menegatti, R.D.; de Oliveira, L.O.; da Costa, Á.V.L.; Braga, E.J.B.; Bianchi, V.J. Magnetic field and gibberelic acid as pre-germination treatments of passion fruit seeds. Ciência Agrícola Rio Largo 2019, 17, 15–22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Abdolmaleki, P.; Ghanati, F.; Sahebjamei, H.; Sarvestani, A.S. Peroxidase activity, lignification and promotion of cell death in tobacco cells exposed to static magnetic field. Environmentalist 2007, 27, 435–440. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ijaz, B.; Jatoi, S.A.; Ahmad, D.; Masood, M.S.; Siddiqui, S.U. Changes in germination behavior of wheat seeds exposed to magnetic field and magnetically structured water. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2012, 11, 3575–3585. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Aladjadjiyan, A. Study of the influence of magnetic field on some biological characteristics of Zea mais. J. Cent. Eur. Agric. 2002, 3, 89–94. [Google Scholar]
- Belyavskaya, N. Biological effects due to weak magnetic field on plants. Adv. Space Res. 2004, 34, 1566–1574. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Da Silva, J.A.T.; Dobránszki, J. Magnetic fields: How is plant growth and development impacted? Protoplasma 2016, 253, 231–248. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Aladjadjiyan, A. The use of physical methods for plant growing stimulation in Bulgaria. J. Cent. Eur. Agric. 2007, 8, 369–380. Available online: https://hrcak.srce.hr/19607 (accessed on 1 February 2020).
- Chen, H.H.; Chang, H.C.; Chen, Y.K.; Hung, C.L.; Lin, S.Y.; Chen, Y.S. An improved process for high nutrition of germinated brown rice production: Low-pressure plasma. Food Chem. 2016, 191, 120–127. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Shine, M.; Guruprasad, K.; Anand, A. Enhancement of germination, growth, and photosynthesis in soybean by pre-treatment of seeds with magnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics 2011, 32, 474–484. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bhardwaj, J.; Anand, A.; Nagarajan, S. Biochemical and biophysical changes associated with magnetopriming in germinating cucumber seeds. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 2012, 57, 67–73. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kataria, S.; Baghel, L.; Guruprasad, K. Acceleration of germination and early growth characteristics of soybean and maize after pre-treatment of seeds with static magnetic field. Int. J. Trop. Agric. 2015, 33, 985–992. [Google Scholar]
- Anand, A.; Kumari, A.; Thakur, M.; Koul, A. Hydrogen peroxide signaling integrates with phytohormones during the germination of magnetoprimed tomato seeds. Sci. Rep. 2019, 9, 1–11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Thomas, S.; Anand, A.; Chinnusamy, V.; Dahuja, A.; Basu, S. Magnetopriming circumvents the effect of salinity stress on germination in chickpea seeds. Acta Physiol. Plant 2013, 35, 3401–3411. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kataria, S.; Baghel, L.; Guruprasad, K. Pre-treatment of seeds with static magnetic field improves germination and early growth characteristics under salt stress in maize and soybean. Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol. 2017, 10, 83–90. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Reina, F.G.; Pascual, L.A. Influence of a stationary magnetic field on water relations in lettuce seeds. Part I: Theoretical considerations. Bioelectromagnetics 2001, 22, 589–595. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Maheshwari, B.L.; Grewal, H.S. Magnetic treatment of irrigation water: Its effects on vegetable crop yield and water productivity. Agric. Water Manag. 2009, 96, 1229–1236. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hilal, M.; Shata, S.; Abdel-Dayem, A.; Hilal, M. Application of magnetic technologies in desert agriculture: III. Effect of magnetized water on yield and uptake of certain elements by citrus in relation to nutrients mobilization in soil. Egypt. J. Soil Sci. 2002, 42, 43–56. [Google Scholar]
- Cakmak, T.; Dumlupinar, R.; Erdal, S. Acceleration of germination and early growth of wheat and bean seedlings grown under various magnetic field and osmotic conditions. Bioelectromagnetics 2010, 31, 120–129. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Baghel, L.; Kataria, S.; Guruprasad, K.N. Static magnetic field treatment of seeds improves carbon and nitrogen metabolism under salinity stress in soybean. Bioelectromagnetics 2016, 37, 455–470. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kataria, S.; Baghel, L.; Guruprasad, K. Alleviation of adverse effects of ambient UV stress on growth and some potential physiological attributes in soybean (Glycine max) by seed pre-treatment with static magnetic field. J. Plant Growth Regul. 2017, 36, 550–565. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kataria, S.; Baghel, L.; Jain, M.; Guruprasad, K. Magnetopriming regulates antioxidant defense system in soybean against salt stress. Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol. 2019, 18, 101090. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dhawi, F. Why magnetic fields are used to enhance a plant’s growth and productivity? Annu. Res. Rev. Biol. 2014, 886–896. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Maffei, M.E. Magnetic field effects on plant growth, development, and evolution. Front. Plant Sci. 2014, 5, 445. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Vian, A.; Davies, E.; Gendraud, M.; Bonnet, P. Plant responses to high frequency electromagnetic fields. BioMed Res. Int. 2016, 1830262. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Sahebjamei, H.; Abdolmaleki, P.; Ghanati, F. Effects of magnetic field on the antioxidant enzyme activities of suspension-cultured tobacco cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2007, 28, 42–47. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Minorsky, P.V. Do geomagnetic variations affect plant function? J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys. 2007, 69, 1770–1774. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Galland, P.; Pazur, A. Magnetoreception in plants. J. Plant Res. 2005, 118, 371–389. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Occhipinti, A.; De Santis, A.; Maffei, M.E. Magnetoreception: An unavoidable step for plant evolution? Trends Plant Sci. 2014, 19, 1–4. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vashisth, A.; Nagarajan, S. Exposure of seeds to static magnetic field enhances germination and early growth characteristics in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Bioelectromagnetics 2008, 29, 571–578. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Vashisth, A.; Joshi, D.K. Growth characteristics of maize seeds exposed to magnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics 2017, 38, 151–157. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Poinapen, D.; Brown, D.C.; Beeharry, G.K. Seed orientation and magnetic field strength have more influence on tomato seed performance than relative humidity and duration of exposure to non-uniform static magnetic fields. J. Plant Physiol. 2013, 170, 1251–1258. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Konefał-Janocha, M.; Banaś-Ząbczyk, A.; Bester, M.; Bocak, D.; Budzik, S.; Górny, S.; Larsen, S.; Majchrowski, K.; Cholewa, M. The Effect of Stationary and Variable Electromagnetic Fields on the Germination and Early Growth of Radish (Raphanus sativus). Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2019, 28, 709–715. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Florez, M.; Carbonell, M.V.; Martínez, E. Exposure of maize seeds to stationary magnetic fields: Effects on germination and early growth. Environ. Exp. Bot. 2007, 59, 68–75. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kavi, P. The effect of magnetic treatment of soybean seed on its moisture absorbing capacity. Sci. Cult. Calcutta 1977, 405–406. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Phirke, P.; Kubde, A.; Umbarkar, S. The influence of magnetic field on plant growth. Seed Sci. Technol. 1996, 24, 375–392. [Google Scholar]
- Martinez, E.; Florez, M.; Carbonell, M. Stimulatory effect of the magnetic treatment on the germination of cereal seeds. Int. J. Environ. Agric. Biotechnol. 2017, 2, 375–381. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Racuciu, M.; Creanga, D.; Horga, I. Plant growth under static magnetic field influence. Rom. J. Phys. 2008, 53, 353–359. [Google Scholar]
- Kataria, S.; Jain, M.; Tripathi, D.K.; Singh, V.P. Involvement of nitrate reductase-dependent nitric oxide production in magnetopriming-induced salt tolerance in soybean. Physiol. Plant. 2020, 168, 422–436. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ahamed, M.; Elzaawely, A.; Bayoumi, Y. Effect of magnetic field on seed germination, growth and yield of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Asian J. Crop. Sci. 2013, 5, 286–294. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hozayn, M.; EL-Mahdy, A.; Zalama, M. Magneto-priming for improving germination, seedling attributes and field performance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under salinity stress. Middle East J. Agric. Res. 2018, 7, 1006–1022. [Google Scholar]
- Vashisth, A.; Nagarajan, S. Effect on germination and early growth characteristics in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seeds exposed to static magnetic field. J. Plant Physiol. 2010, 167, 149–156. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Florez, M.; Alvarez, J.; Martinez, E.; Carbonell, V. Stationary magnetic field stimulates rice roots growth. Rom. Rep. Phys. 2019, 71, 713. [Google Scholar]
- Mroczek-Zdyrska, M.; Tryniecki, Ł.; Kornarzyński, K.; Pietruszewski, S.; Gagoś, M. Influence of magnetic field stimulation on the growth and biochemical parameters in Phaseolus vulgaris L. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Food Sci. 2016, 9, 548–551. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ghanati, F.; Abdolmaleki, P.; Vaezzadeh, M.; Rajabbeigi, E.; Yazdani, M. Application of magnetic field and iron in order to change medicinal products of Ocimum Basilicum. Environment 2007, 27, 429–434. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kornarzyński, K.; Dziwulska-Hunek, A.; Kornarzyńska-Gregorowicz, A.; Sujak, A. Effect of electromagnetic stimulation of amaranth seeds of different initial moisture on the germination parameters and photosynthetic pigments content. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 1–12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kato, R.; Kamada, H.; Asashima, M. Effects of high and very low magnetic fields on the growth of hairy roots of Daucus carota and Atropa belladonna. Plant Cell Physiol. 1989, 30, 605–608. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Abobatta, W.F. Overview of Role of Magnetizing Treated Water in Agricultural Sector Development. Adv. Agric. Technol. Plant Sci. 2019, 2, 180023. [Google Scholar]
- Mghaiouini, R.; Elaouad, A.; Taimoury, H.; Sabir, I.; Chibi, F.; Hozayn, M.; Garmim, T.; Nmila, R.; Rchid, H.; Monkade, M. Influence of the Electromagnetic Device Aqua 4D on Water Quality and Germination of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Int. J. Curr. Eng. Technol. 2020, 19–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tai, C.Y.; Wu, C.-K.; Chang, M.-C. Effects of magnetic field on the crystallization of CaCO3 using permanent magnets. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2008, 63, 5606–5612. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kareem, N.S.A. Evaluation of Magnetizing Irrigation Water Impacts on the Enhancement of Yield and Water Productivity for Some Crops. J. Agric. Sci. Technol. A 2018, 8, 271–283. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hirota, N.; Nakagawa, J.; Kitazawa, K. Effects of a magnetic field on the germination of plants. J. Appl. Phys. 1999, 85, 5717–5719. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fernandez, L.; Teran, Z.; Leon, M. The effect of magnetically treated irrigation water on quality of onion seedlings grown in zeoponics. Cultiv. Trop. 1996, 17, 55–59. [Google Scholar]
- Lin, I.; Yotvat, J. Exposure of irrigation and drinking water to a magnetic field with controlled power and direction. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1990, 83, 525–526. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Taimourya, H.; Oussible, M.; Baamal, L.; Harif, A.; Zaid, E.; Guedira, A.; Smouni, A. Magnetic Treatment of Culture Medium Enhance Growth and Minerals Uptake of Strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa Duch.) and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in Fe Deficiency Conditions. Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res. 2017, 8, 1414–1436. [Google Scholar]
- Noran, R.; Shani, U.; Lin, I. The effect of irrigation with magnetically treated water on the translocation of minerals in the soil. Magn. Electr. Sep. 1996, 7, 109–122. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hasan, M.M.; Alharby, H.F.; Hajar, A.S.; Hakeem, K.R.; Alzahrani, Y. The effect of magnetized water on the growth and physiological conditions of Moringa Species under drought stress. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2019, 28, 1145–1155. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Migahid, M.; Elghobashy, R.; Bidak, L.; Amin, A. Priming of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn seeds with H2O2 and magnetic field ameliorates seawater stress. Heliyon 2019, 5, e01886. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Bagherifard, A.; Ghasemnezhad, A. Effect of magnetic salinated water on some morphological and biochemical characteristics of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) leaves. J. Med. Plants By-Prod. 2014, 3, 161–170. [Google Scholar]
- Reina, F.G.; Pascual, L.A.; Fundora, I.A. Influence of a stationary magnetic field on water relations in lettuce seeds. Part II: Experimental results. Bioelectromagnetics 2001, 22, 596–602. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Azimi, N.; Majd, A.; Nejadsattari, T.; Ghanati, F.; Arbabian, S. Effects of Magnetically Treated Water on Physiological Characteristics of Lens culinaris L. Iran. J. Sci. Technol. Trans. Sci. 2018, 42, 331–337. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ul Haq, Z.; Iqbal, M.; Jamil, Y.; Anwar, H.; Younis, A.; Arif, M.; Fareed, M.Z.; Hussain, F. Magnetically treated water irrigation effect on turnip seed germination, seedling growth and enzymatic activities. Inf. Process. Agric. 2016, 3, 99–106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Shahin, M.; Mashhour, A.; Abd-Elhady, E. Effect of magnetized irrigation water and seeds on some water properties, growth parameter and yield productivity of cucumber plants. Curr. Sci. Int. 2016, 5, 152–164. [Google Scholar]
- Shabrangi, A.; Majd, A.; Sheidai, M. Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on growth, cytogenetic, protein content and antioxidant system of Zea mays L. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2011, 10, 9362–9369. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hajnorouzi, A.; Vaezzadeh, M.; Ghanati, F.; Nahidian, B. Growth promotion and a decrease of oxidative stress in maize seedlings by a combination of geomagnetic and weak electromagnetic fields. J. Plant Physiol. 2011, 168, 1123–1128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bradford, M.M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 1976, 72, 248–254. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Clark, G. Staining Procedures, 4th ed.; Williams & Wilkins Press: Baltimore/London, UK, 1981; p. 512. [Google Scholar]
- Repacholi, M.H.; Greenebaum, B. Interaction of static and extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields with living systems: Health effects and research needs. Bioelectromagnetics 1999, 20, 133–160. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Greenebaum, B.; Barnes, F. Bioengineering and Biophysical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields, 4th ed.; CRD Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2018; pp. 106–230. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mohammadi, F.; Ghanati, F.; Sharifi, M.; Chashmi, N.A. On the mechanism of the cell cycle control of suspension-cultured tobacco cells after exposure to static magnetic field. Plant Sci. 2018, 277, 139–144. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Green, L.M.; Miller, A.B.; Agnew, D.A.; Greenberg, M.L.; Li, J.; Villeneuve, P.J.; Tibshirani, R. Childhood leukemia and personal monitoring of residential exposures to electric and magnetic fields in Ontario, Canada. Cancer Causes Control. 1999, 10, 233–243. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jouni, F.J.; Abdolmaleki, P.; Ghanati, F. Oxidative stress in broad bean (Vicia faba L.) induced by static magnetic field under natural radioactivity. Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. 2012, 741, 116–121. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Shine, M.; Guruprasad, K. Impact of pre-sowing magnetic field exposure of seeds to stationary magnetic field on growth, reactive oxygen species and photosynthesis of maize under field conditions. Acta Physiol. Plant 2012, 34, 255–265. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- El-Yazied, A.; Shalaby, O.; El-Gizawy, A.; Khalf, S.; El-Satar, A. Effect of magnetic field on seed germination and transplant growth of tomato. J. Am. Sci. 2011, 7, 306–312. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shabrangi, A.; Majd, A. Effect of magnetic fields on growth and antioxidant systems in agricultural plants. In Proceedings of the Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS), Beijing, China, 23–27 March 2009; pp. 23–27. [Google Scholar]
- Çelik, Ö.; Büyükuslu, N.; Atak, Ç.; Rzakoulieva, A. Effects of Magnetic Field on Activity of Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase in Glycine max (L.) Merr. Roots. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2009, 18, 175–182. [Google Scholar]
- Roux, D.; Vian, A.; Girard, S.; Bonnet, P.; Paladian, F.; Davies, E.; Ledoigt, G. High frequency (900 MHz) low amplitude (5 V m−1) electromagnetic field: A genuine environmental stimulus that affects transcription, translation, calcium and energy charge in tomato. Planta 2008, 227, 883–891. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, Y.-P.; Li, R.; He, J.-M. Magnetic field can alleviate toxicological effect induced by cadmium in mungbean seedlings. Ecotoxicology 2011, 20, 760–769. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Baghel, L.; Kataria, S.; Jain, M. Mitigation of adverse effects of salt stress on germination, growth, photosynthetic efficiency and yield in maize (Zea mays L.) through magnetopriming. Acta Agrobot. 2019, 72, 1–16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Baghel, L.; Kataria, S.; Guruprasad, K. Effect of static magnetic field pretreatment on growth, photosynthetic performance and yield of soybean under water stress. Photosynthetica 2018, 56, 718–730. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Anand, A.; Nagarajan, S.; Verma, A.; Joshi, D.; Pathak, P.; Bhardwaj, J. Pre-treatment of seeds with static magnetic field ameliorates soil water stress in seedlings of maize (Zea mays L.). Indian J. Biochem. Biol. 2012, 49, 63–70. [Google Scholar]
- Kataria, S.; Rastogi, A.; Bele, A.; Jain, M. Role of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in static magnetic field pre-treatment induced tolerance to ambient UV-B stress in soybean. Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plant 2020, 1–15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Santos, L.O.; Deamici, K.M.; Menestrino, B.C.; Garda-Buffon, J.; Costa, J.A.V. Magnetic treatment of microalgae for enhanced product formation. World J. Microb. Biotechnol. 2017, 33, 169. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Small, D.P.; Hüner, N.P.; Wan, W. Effect of static magnetic fields on the growth, photosynthesis and ultrastructure of Chlorella kessleri microalgae. Bioelectromagnetics 2012, 33, 298–308. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Beruto, D.T.; Lagazzo, A.; Frumento, D.; Converti, A. Kinetic model of Chlorella vulgaris growth with and without extremely low frequency-electromagnetic fields (EM-ELF). J. Biotechnol. 2014, 169, 9–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, H.Y.; Zeng, X.B.; Guo, S.Y.; Li, Z.T. Effects of magnetic field on the antioxidant defense system of recirculation-cultured Chlorella Vulgaris. Bioelectromagnetics 2008, 29, 39–46. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tu, R.; Jin, W.; Xi, T.; Yang, Q.; Han, S.-F.; Abomohra, A.E.-F. Effect of static magnetic field on the oxygen production of Scenedesmus obliquus cultivated in municipal wastewater. Water Res. 2015, 86, 132–138. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Luna, L.G.; Menéndez, J.; Álvarez, I.; Flores, I. Efecto de diferentes protocolos de aplicación de un campo magnético (0.03 T) sobre el crecimiento, viabilidad y composición pigmentaria de Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow en suficiencia y ausencia de nitrógeno. Biotecnol. Veg. 2009, 9, 105–117. [Google Scholar]
- Chu, F.-J.; Wan, T.-J.; Pai, T.-Y.; Lin, H.-W.; Liu, S.-H.; Huang, C.-F. Use of magnetic fields and nitrate concentration to optimize the growth and lipid yield of Nannochloropsis oculata. J. Environ. Manag. 2020, 253, 109680. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Deamici, K.M.; Cardias, B.B.; Costa, J.A.V.; Santos, L.O. Static magnetic fields in culture of Chlorella fusca: Bioeffects on growth and biomass composition. Process Biochem. 2016, 51, 912–916. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Deamici, K.M.; Santos, L.O.; Costa, J.A.V. Use of static magnetic fields to increase CO2 biofixation by the microalga Chlorella Fusca. Bioresour. Technol. 2019, 276, 103–109. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Deamici, K.M.; Santos, L.O.; Costa, J.A.V. Magnetic field action on outdoor and indoor cultures of Spirulina: Evaluation of growth, medium consumption and protein profile. Bioresour. Technol. 2018, 249, 168–174. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Deamici, K.M.; Cuellar-Bermudez, S.P.; Muylaert, K.; Santos, L.O.; Costa, J.A.V. Quantum yield alterations due to the static magnetic fields action on Arthrospira platensis SAG 21.99: Evaluation of photosystem activity. Bioresour. Technol. 2019, 292, 121945. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Han, S.; Jin, W.; Chen, Y.; Tu, R.; Abomohra, A.E.-F. Enhancement of lipid production of Chlorella pyrenoidosa cultivated in municipal wastewater by magnetic treatment. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2016, 180, 1043–1055. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huo, S.; Chen, X.; Zhu, F.; Zhang, W.; Chen, D.; Jin, N.; Cobb, K.; Cheng, Y.; Wang, L.; Ruan, R. Magnetic field intervention on growth of the filamentous microalgae Tribonema sp. in starch wastewater for algal biomass production and nutrients removal: Influence of ambient temperature and operational strategy. Bioresour. Technol. 2020, 303, 122884. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bauer, L.M.; Costa, J.A.V.; da Rosa, A.P.C.; Santos, L.O. Growth stimulation and synthesis of lipids, pigments and antioxidants with magnetic fields in Chlorella kessleri cultivations. Bioresour. Technol. 2017, 244, 1425–1432. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dodson, C.A.; Hore, P.J.; Wallace, M.I. A radical sense of direction: Signalling and mechanism in cryptochrome magnetoreception. Trends Biochem. Sci. 2013, 38, 435–446. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shokrollahi, S.; Ghanati, F.; Sajedi, R.H.; Sharifi, M. Possible role of iron containing proteins in physiological responses of soybean to static magnetic field. J. Plant Physiol. 2018, 226, 163–171. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Qin, L.; Wang, M.; Chen, L.; Liang, X.; Wu, Z.; Lin, Z.; Zuo, J.; Feng, X.; Zhao, J.; Liao, H. Soybean Fe–S cluster biosynthesis regulated by external iron or phosphate fluctuation. Plant Cell Rep. 2015, 34, 411–424. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Baronia, C.; Chandra, A. Changes in biochemical attributes in siratro caused by exposure to microwave energy. Range Manag. Agrofor. 2007, 28, 251–252. [Google Scholar]
- Mcclean, R.G.; Schofield, M.A.; Kean, W.F.; Sommer, C.V.; Robertson, D.P.; Toth, D.; Gajdardziska-Josifovska, M. Botanical iron minerals: Correlation between nanocrystal structure and modes of biological self-assembly. Eur. J. Mineral. 2001, 13, 1235–1242. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rajabbeigi, E.; Ghanati, F.; Abdolmaleki, P.; Payez, A. Antioxidant capacity of parsley cells (Petroselinum crispum L.) in relation to iron-induced ferritin levels and static magnetic field. Electromagn. Biol. Med. 2013, 32, 430–441. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ghanati, F.; Payez, A. Iron biofortification and activation of antioxidant system of wheat by static magnetic field. Iran. J. Sci. Technol. A 2015, 39, 355–360. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Haghighat, N.; Abdolmaleki, P.; Ghanati, F.; Behmanesh, M.; Payez, A. Modification of catalase and MAPK in Vicia faba cultivated in soil with high natural radioactivity and treated with a static magnetic field. J. Plant Physiol. 2014, 171, 99–103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Scaiano, J.; Cozens, F.L.; McLean, J. Model for the rationalization of magnetic field effects in vivo. Application of the radical-pair mechanism to biological systems. Photochem. Photobiol. 1994, 59, 585–589. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yaycili, O.; Alikamanoglu, S. The effect of magnetic field on Paulownia tissue cultures. Plant Cell Tissue Org. 2005, 83, 109–114. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vashisth, A.; Nagarajan, S. Characterization of water distribution and activities of enzymes during germination in magnetically-exposed maize (Zea mays L.) seeds. Indian J. Biochem. Biophys. 2010, 1, 311–318. Available online: http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/10526 (accessed on 1 February 2020).
- Baby, S.M.; Narayanaswamy, G.K.; Anand, A. Superoxide radical production and performance index of Photosystem II in leaves from magnetoprimed soybean seeds. Plant Signal. Behav. 2011, 6, 1635–1637. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bahadir, A.; Beyaz, R.; Yildiz, M. Effect of magnetic field on in vitro seedling growth and shoot regeneration from cotyledon node explants of Boiss. Bioelectromagnetics 2018, 39, 547–555. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, X.; Yarema, K.; Xu, A. Impact of Static Magnetic Field (SMF) on Microorganisms, Plants and Animals. Biol. Eff. Static Magn. Fields 2017, 1, 133–172. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- De Souza, A.; García, D.; Sueiro, L.; Gilart, F. Improvement of the seed germination, growth and yield of onion plants by extremely low frequency non-uniform magnetic fields. Sci. Hortic. 2014, 176, 63–69. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Plant Species | Plant Organ | MF Intensity | Effects | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek. | Seeds | 87–226 mT SMF | Increase in time and in mean germination rate, as well as in water uptake by seeds according to increasing intensity of magnetic field | [6] |
Passiflora edulis Sims | Seeds | 200 mT SMF | Stimulates seed germination, emergence, and vigor of seedlings | [8] |
Cucumis sativus L. | Seeds | 200 mT SMF | Superiority germinative and increased activities of hydrolytic enzymes, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidant enzyme system during germinating seeds | [17] |
Glycine max (Linn.) Merr. | Seeds Seedlings | 150–200 mT SMF | Increase of photosynthetic rate, seed germination, crop yield, pigment synthesis, biomass, nitrogen metabolism, and root nodules | [16,26,45] |
Cicer arietinum L. | Seeds, Seedlings | 50–150 mT SMF | Enhanced performance in rate and speed of seed germination, superiority in the seedling growth, and in functional root parameters | [20,36] |
Triticum aestivum L. | Seeds Seedlings | 4–7 mT SMF | Enhancement of seed germination, seedling growth | [25] |
Solanum lycopersicum Mill. | Seeds | 50–332 mT SMF | Increase in germination rate, promoved biochemical and molecular changes involved in homeostasis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) promoting the seed vigor | [19,38] |
Zea mays L. | Seeds Seedlings | 200 mT SMF | Enhancement of seed germination, seedling growth, a-amylase, protease, and free-radicals | [21,37] |
Raphanus sativus L. | Seeds | 8–20 mT SMF | Increased the rate and the vigor index of germination | [39] |
Capsicum annuum L. | Seeds Seedlings | 57–60 mT SMF | Enhancement of seed germination, seedling growth, and yield and fruit quality | [46] |
Hordeum vulgare L. | Seeds Seedlings | 35 mT SMF | Enhancement of seed germination and seedling establishment under normal or saline stress conditions | [47] |
Helianthus annuus L. | Seeds Seedlings | 50–200 mT SMF | Increased the speed of germination and induced the early vigor of seedlings | [48] |
Oryza sativa L. | Roots Seeds | 125–250 mT MF | Increased root and stem length Increased germination dynamics in seeds | [49] |
Phaseolus vulgaris L. | Seeds Seedlings | 4–7 mT 130 mT MF | Enhancement of seed germination and seedling growth, and promoted mitotic activity in meristematic plant cells Increase of glutathione peroxidase (GPOX) activity in leaves | [25,50] |
Plant Species | Method | Effect | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Solanum melomgena L. Vicia faba L. Solanum lycopersicon L. | MTW | Neutralizing soil pH value The yield gain per water unit was 2.47% on average for the three crops | [57] |
Lens culinaris Medik | 110 mT MW | Significantly enhanced the activity of APX and decreased the activity of SOD | [67] |
Allium cepa L. | MTW (120–150 mT) | Increased the amount of phosphorus in leaves Lowered soil alkalinity | [59] |
Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck | MTW | Seeds with low vigor can be invigorated 13.3% increase in germination | [24] |
Triticum aestivum L. | MTW MF-treated seeds | Decreased the downward mobility of the mineral compounds | [10] |
Apium graveolens L. Pisum sativum L. | MTW (136 mT) | MTW mitigated the adverse effects of drought in the Moringa species by improving the Na+/K+ ratio | [23] |
Moringa oleifera Lam. M. peregrina (Forssk. Fiori) | MTW (30 mT) | Increased efficiency of salty water and enhanced growth criteria | [63] |
Cynara scolymus L. | MTW (300 mT) | Increased photosynthetic pigments significantly Increased nutrient uptake efficiency (N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) | [65] |
Fragaria × ananassa Solanum lycopersicum Lam. | MTW | Increased protein content (28.92%), alpha amylase (11.36%), and protease activities (14.76%) over the control | [61] |
Brassica rapa L. var. glabra Regel | MTW (211 mT) | Decreased EC and TDS by 15.60% after 300 min The soil-soluble Na+ significantly decreased from 15.53 to 8.57 mEq/L | [68] |
Cucumis sativus L. Cucumis melo L. | MTW (40 mT) MF (40 mT) treated seeds | A higher nutrient uptake, reduction of toxicitym, and sodium concentration in the aerial parts Increased the amount of phosphorus in leaves, lowering soil alkalinity | [62,69] |
Plant Species | Abiotic Stress | Adaptive Response of Plants by Magnetopriming | References |
---|---|---|---|
Vigna radiata L. | Cadmium stress | Increased growth, photosynthetic pigments, efficiency of PSII, photosynthesis | [84] |
Zea mays L. | Salt stress | Seedling vigor, increased activities of α amylase and protease enzymes; increased growth, PSII efficiency, photosynthesis, and yield | [21,85] |
Cicer arietinum L. | Salt stress | Improvement in germination rate and growth root and shoot; greater water uptake and increased activities of α amylase and protease enzymes | [20] |
Glycine max (Linn.) Merr. | Water stress | Increased growth, photosynthetic pigments, efficiency of PSII, photosynthesis, and crop yield | [86] |
Glycine max (Linn.) Merr. | Salt stress | Increased the seed germination | [26] |
Glycine max (Linn.) Merr. | UV-B stress | Increased growth, efficiency of PSII, photosynthesis, and carbonic anhydrase/nitrogenase activities; higher DNA, RNA, protein, and nitric oxide content in leaves; and reduced ROS and antioxidant defense system, along with improved crop yield | [27,88] |
Glycine max (Linn.) Merr. | Salt stress | Involvement of nitrate reductase in nitric oxide production in alleviation of salt stress during seed germination | [45] |
Plant Species | Type of Algae | MF Intensity | Effects | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nannochloropsis oculata | Green algae | 20 mT | Growth increased by 20.5% Increased carbohydrate concentration 24.8% | [95] |
Spirulina sp. | Green algae | 25 mT | Enhanced growth in outdoor culture system | [98] |
Tribonema sp. | Yellow-green algae | 30 mT | Improved the oil accumulation Improved the productivity of biomass, protein, and carbohydrate | [101] |
Haematococcus pluvialis | Red algae | 30 mT | Increased growth, pigment synthesis, and cell division | [94] |
Arthrospira platensis | Green algae | 30 mT | Enhanced the PSII performance Enhanced growth by 49% and carbohydrate by 15% | [99] |
Scenedesmus obliquus | Green algae | 0.1 T | Stimulated oxygen production and algal growth Increase in chlorophyll-a by 11.5% | [93] |
Chlorella pyrenoidosa | Green algae | 0.5 T | Increase of the lipid product by 10% Increase in useful bacteria, active oxygen, and biomass | [100] |
Chlorella fusca Chlorella kessleri | Green algae | 60 mT 30 mT | Growth increased, increased biomass concentration, stimulated cell growth and bio-compound synthesis, effect hormetic of MF on cells Increase in protein by 8.9% and lipid synthesis by 13.1% | [96,102] |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Sarraf, M.; Kataria, S.; Taimourya, H.; Santos, L.O.; Menegatti, R.D.; Jain, M.; Ihtisham, M.; Liu, S. Magnetic Field (MF) Applications in Plants: An Overview. Plants 2020, 9, 1139. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091139
Sarraf M, Kataria S, Taimourya H, Santos LO, Menegatti RD, Jain M, Ihtisham M, Liu S. Magnetic Field (MF) Applications in Plants: An Overview. Plants. 2020; 9(9):1139. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091139
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarraf, Mohammad, Sunita Kataria, Houda Taimourya, Lucielen Oliveira Santos, Renata Diane Menegatti, Meeta Jain, Muhammad Ihtisham, and Shiliang Liu. 2020. "Magnetic Field (MF) Applications in Plants: An Overview" Plants 9, no. 9: 1139. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091139