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Agronomy
Special Issues
New Frontiers in Micropropagation
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New Frontiers in Micropropagation

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Soil and Plant Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 21362

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Valeria Cavallaro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Research Council (CNR) - Institute of BioEconomy(IBE) Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
Interests: plant micropropagation; seed dormancy and germination; abiotic stress; conservative agriculture
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maurizio Lambardi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Research Council (CNR), Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
Interests: tissue culture; plant biotechnology; micropropagation; plant cryopreservation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Micropropagation is an effective technique for massive multiplication of selected, disease-free plants in a short time, as well as a reliable method for in vitro preservation of threatened plant species. Decontamination methods from fungi and bacteria, composition of culture media (in terms of macro- and microelement, organic and growth regulator content, quality and characteristics of gelling agents, use of semisolid or liquid media), genotypic differences,  limitation of vitro-pathologies are among the main factors influencing the efficiency of protocols for in vitro propagation. The maintenance of true-to type of plants is another fundamental aspect of clonal propagation by micropropagation. Furthermore, increasing the sustainability of the micropropagation process - e.g., by improving the growth chamber efficiency with LED illumination, the elimination of environmental toxic elements in the growth media (such as cobalt), the optimization of plant acclimatization in greenhouse - represents a sound investigation topic. Currently, micropropagation has also attracted growing attention from researchers as an efficient alternative way for rapid and controlled production of bioactive phytochemicals or food ingredients from medicinal and aromatic plants. Since the process of micropropagation yields genetic fidelity and true-to-type progeny of plants, bioactive phytochemical integrity may remain intact in developed plantlets.

This special issue will concern papers focussing the main novelties in micropropagation such as the development of new protocols, practices enhancing the efficiency of the process, its sustainability and new relevant goals of productions, such as metabolite and food additive synthesis in in vitro culture.

Dr. Valeria Cavallaro
Dr. Maurizio Lambardi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • micropropagation
  • new protocols
  • process sustainability
  • bioactive phytochemicals production
  • cryopreservation

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 5669 KiB  
Article
Establishment of an Efficient Micropropagation System for Humulus lupulus L. cv. Cascade and Confirmation of Genetic Uniformity of the Regenerated Plants through DNA Markers
by Doina Clapa and Monica Hârța
Agronomy 2021, 11(11), 2268; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112268 - 10 Nov 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3611
Abstract
The demand for virus-free hop planting material has increased in the last few years due to its multipurpose uses. The present study aimed to establish an effective protocol for clonal propagation of cv. Cascade using only the cytokinins as PGRs in all stages [...] Read more.
The demand for virus-free hop planting material has increased in the last few years due to its multipurpose uses. The present study aimed to establish an effective protocol for clonal propagation of cv. Cascade using only the cytokinins as PGRs in all stages of micropropagation: (i) in vitro culture initiation using single-node micro-cuttings inoculated on modified Murashige and Skoog (MSm) medium solidified with Plant agar and supplemented with 0.5 mg L−1 6-benziyladenine (BA) with 76% recorded viability of nodal explants; (ii) in vitro multiplication of multinodal shoots on MSm medium gelled with Plant agar and supplemented with different types and concentrations of cytokinins: 2 mg L−1 kinetin (KIN), 0.7 mg L−1 1-(2-Chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea) (1 CPPU), 2 mg L−1 meta-topoline (mT) and 0.5 mg L−1 BA, which was the best variant for shoot proliferation (9.48 ± 0.78 shoots/explant); (iii) rooting and acclimatization with the best results obtained by ex vitro rooting and acclimatization of plants in the same stage in perlite (96.00 ± 0.60% acclimatized rooted plants with 100% survival under greenhouse conditions). The true-to-type nature of in vitro raised plants with the mother plant was assessed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Start Codon Target Polymorphism (SCoT) molecular markers, and then their genetic uniformity were confirmed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Frontiers in Micropropagation)
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11 pages, 2555 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Propagation of Easter Island Curcuma longa from Rhizome Explants Using Temporary Immersion System
by María José Marchant, Paula Molina, Miriam Montecinos, Leda Guzmán, Cristobal Balada, Claudia Fassio and Mónica Castro
Agronomy 2021, 11(11), 2121; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112121 - 22 Oct 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2420
Abstract
Curcuma longa (C. longa) is widely known for its medicinal properties. However, the potential overexploitation of this plant raises doubts about its long-term survival on Rapa Nui. Micropropagation using a temporary immersion system (TIS) could be the basis for developing a [...] Read more.
Curcuma longa (C. longa) is widely known for its medicinal properties. However, the potential overexploitation of this plant raises doubts about its long-term survival on Rapa Nui. Micropropagation using a temporary immersion system (TIS) could be the basis for developing a cost-effective and highly productive method of large-scale cultivation of this plant. Our objective was to develop and refine the in vitro multiplication system for mass propagation of C. longa, and thus help restore the fragile ecosystem of Rapa Nui. Three parameters were evaluated: number of explants per flask, flask capacity, and LEDs spectrum. For each parameter evaluated, four aspects were analyzed: fresh weight per plant, number of shoots, percentage of non-sprouting explants, and the proliferation rate. The use of 30 explants per two-liter flask results in more plants with high fresh biomass than other configurations. In addition, LEDs with a red:blue ratio of 2:1 provided the best lighting conditions for in vitro propagation and positively affected C. longa proliferation and rooting. Therefore, our results show that 30 explants per two-liter flask and an LED source with a red:blue ratio of 2:1 allow a higher number of C. longa plants to be obtained using TIS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Frontiers in Micropropagation)
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10 pages, 1036 KiB  
Article
Cultivar and Phenological Stage Effects on the Success of In Vitro Meristem Culture and GLRaV-3 Elimination of Croatian Autochthonous Grapevine Cultivars
by Zvjezdana Marković, Anđela Zrilić, Iva Šikuten, Petra Štambuk, Ivana Tomaz, Darko Vončina, Edi Maletić, Jasminka Karoglan Kontić and Darko Preiner
Agronomy 2021, 11(7), 1395; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071395 - 12 Jul 2021
Viewed by 2340
Abstract
The population of Croatian autochthonous cultivars has a high degree of infection with economically important viruses, so it is necessary to carry out the elimination of the viruses in some cultivars to obtain healthy planting material. In this research, we tested in vitro [...] Read more.
The population of Croatian autochthonous cultivars has a high degree of infection with economically important viruses, so it is necessary to carry out the elimination of the viruses in some cultivars to obtain healthy planting material. In this research, we tested in vitro meristem culture establishment on 18 autochthonous cultivars with different viral infections and the possibility of GLRaV-3 elimination through in vitro meristem culture. Plant material was sampled in a vineyard in two phenological stages, 10 days before flowering and 10 days after flowering of the grapevine. Apical meristem explants (1 mm) were placed into the MS culture medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L benzyl adenine (BA) and 0.05 mg/L indol-3-acetic acid (IAA), and their survival, regeneration, and rooting were monitored. The results showed that the cultivar and the growth phase have a significant impact on the success of in vitro culture. In all cultivars studied higher success of in vitro culture establishment parameters (survival, regeneration, and rooting) was obtained in the case of explants sampled after flowering, with the exception of one cultivar for explants survival. Contrary to expectations, genotypes infected with three viruses (GLRaV-1, GLRaV-3, and GFLV) showed better results than genotypes infected with one or two viruses. The results showed successful in vitro establishment of Croatian autochthonous cultivar and GRLaV-3 elimination in one cultivar. However, due to the significant effect of cultivar, for routine application of this in vitro protocol on more than 100 autochthonous cultivars in need of sanitation, further studies should be conducted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Frontiers in Micropropagation)
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12 pages, 2877 KiB  
Article
Micropropagation Supports Reintroduction of an Apulian Artichoke Landrace in Sustainable Cropping Systems
by Simona Ancona, Giuseppe De Mastro, Maria M. Jenderek and Claudia Ruta
Agronomy 2021, 11(6), 1169; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061169 - 8 Jun 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2303
Abstract
Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (L.) Fiori) is a perennial plant of the Asteraceae’s family native to the Mediterranean basin. Italy has rich artichoke biodiversity, but many landraces are subjected to genetic erosion caused by increasing use of commercial varieties that [...] Read more.
Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (L.) Fiori) is a perennial plant of the Asteraceae’s family native to the Mediterranean basin. Italy has rich artichoke biodiversity, but many landraces are subjected to genetic erosion caused by increasing use of commercial varieties that are more homogenous in production. An Apulian landrace ‘Troianella’ was established in vitro to valorize and provide high-quality material for propagation in nurseries and, subsequently, for cultivation in production fields. The shoot proliferation was tested on four different growth media, adding cytokinin (-6-benzylamminopurine (BAP-0.05 mg L−1). Among these, the best results were achieved on MS519-A and BM media in which MS macronutrients were supplemented with additional doses of CaCl2 and MgSO4 (plus 120 mg L−1 and 190 mg L−1, respectively). In vitro root induction was obtained with 10 mg L−1 of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 30 g L−1 of sucrose. Plants derived from tissue culture were acclimatized in greenhouse using mycorrhizal symbiosis to increase survival during the acclimatization phase and to improve their performance after transplanting in field. Three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Septoglomus viscosum, Funelliformis mosseae, and Symbivit, a commercial mix) were added to a sterile substrate and compared to a sterile control without any AM fungal inocula. After 3 months, the best growth and plant appearance were on substrates with S. viscosum fungus or the commercial mycorrhizal fungi mix. The results supported a development of an efficient micropropagation protocol and a production of high quality plant material for sustainable farming of the endangered ’Troianella’ landrace. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Frontiers in Micropropagation)
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Review

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25 pages, 1769 KiB  
Review
Temporary Immersion System for Production of Biomass and Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants
by Anna De Carlo, Waed Tarraf, Maurizio Lambardi and Carla Benelli
Agronomy 2021, 11(12), 2414; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122414 - 27 Nov 2021
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 5096
Abstract
The cultivation of medicinal plants and the production of bioactive compounds derived from them are of fundamental importance and interest, not only at the pharmacological level but also in nutraceutical and cosmetic industries and in functional foods, as well as plant protection in [...] Read more.
The cultivation of medicinal plants and the production of bioactive compounds derived from them are of fundamental importance and interest, not only at the pharmacological level but also in nutraceutical and cosmetic industries and in functional foods, as well as plant protection in agriculture. In order to respond adequately to the increased demands of the global market from a quantitative and qualitative point of view and to guarantee environmental sustainability of the productions, it is necessary to resort to innovation tools, such as tissue culture in vitro technology. Nowadays, it is well known that the cultivation through the Temporary Immersion System (TIS) in a bioreactor has considerable advantages both for the in vitro mass production of the plants and for the production of secondary metabolites. The present review focuses on the application of TIS during the last two decades to produce biomass and bioactive compounds from medicinal plants. Indeed, almost one hundred papers are discussed, and they particularly focus on the effects of the culture system, vessel design and equipment, immersion time and frequency, and substrate composition for 88 medicinal species in TIS bioreactor culture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Frontiers in Micropropagation)
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20 pages, 552 KiB  
Review
Threatened Woody Plants of Georgia and Micropropagation as a Tool for In Vitro Conservation
by Mariam Gaidamashvili and Carla Benelli
Agronomy 2021, 11(6), 1082; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061082 - 27 May 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3728
Abstract
Georgia is the major part of the Caucasus; it is considered as one of the distinguished regions of the world with respect to biodiversity. The majority of Georgia’s biodiversity is connected with forest ecosystems, which cover about 38% of the country’s territories. In [...] Read more.
Georgia is the major part of the Caucasus; it is considered as one of the distinguished regions of the world with respect to biodiversity. The majority of Georgia’s biodiversity is connected with forest ecosystems, which cover about 38% of the country’s territories. In Georgia, as in other countries, many unique species of forest phytocenosis are threatened by extinction and/or genetic pollution due to the negative impact of various environmental and anthropogenic factors. Implementation of biotechnological approaches in practice for in vitro conservation of species can significantly speed up the processes of protection, thus guaranteeing the sustainability of the phytogenetic pool of the country. The present review summarizes the current status of several threatened woody perennials of the Red List of Georgia belonging to the genera Castanea, Quercus, and Betula, which are the dominant or edificatory species of forest phytocenosis. The feasibility for their in vitro propagation for conservation purposes is discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Frontiers in Micropropagation)
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