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Antioxidants
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Antioxidants in Skeletal Muscle Physiological and Pathological Conditions
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Antioxidants in Skeletal Muscle Physiological and Pathological Conditions

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2023) | Viewed by 10714

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Tiziana Pietrangelo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti—Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Interests: skeletal muscle; oxidative stress; exercise training; antioxidants

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The skeletal muscle compartment is highly sensitive to redox homeostasis that affects specific functions as excitation-contraction coupling or provoke failure as by accumulating oxidative stress. There are several perturbators to skeletal muscle redox homeostasis: 1) exercise, 2) environmental challenge, 3) ageing, 4) diseases. They affect skeletal muscle at fiber and regenerative level.

Exercise and ageing work in the physiological trajectory while environmental stimuli and disease could be extremely dangerous and antioxidant activity could be fundamental in healthy recovery.

As an example, hypobaric hypoxia induced oxidative stress which perturbed muscle regeneration mechanism by reducing satellite cell activity, decreased myogenic rate, and impaired myoblast fusion ability. Oxidative and nitrosative stress is present in the skeletal muscle of Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) patients with disorders in inflammatory pathways along with a lowered antioxidant status, all mechanisms underpinning ME/CFS.

In this scenario, antioxidant biomolecules, along with their specific source (endogenously or exogenously produced) and delivery (for example stuffed into exosomes or freely circulating) are extremely interesting.

Many in vitro, ex-vivo, and in vivo studies, using different approaches and tests, have been carried out to investigate antioxidant activity of exogenous and endogenous compounds over the last few years, and the related scientific research is of great interest. Therefore, in this Special Issue, original research papers or review articles focused on the different aspects of antioxidant compound effects on skeletal muscle are welcome.

Dr. Tiziana Pietrangelo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • exosomes
  • satellite cells
  • skeletal muscle
  • food
  • metabolism
  • nutrition

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1089 KiB  
Article
Ubiquinol Short-Term Supplementation Prior to Strenuous Exercise Improves Physical Performance and Diminishes Muscle Damage
by Jorge Moreno-Fernandez, Maria Puche-Juarez, Juan M. Toledano, Ignacio Chirosa, Luis J. Chirosa, Mario Pulido-Moran, Naroa Kajarabille, Isabel M. Guisado, Rafael Guisado, Javier Diaz-Castro and Julio J. Ochoa
Antioxidants 2023, 12(6), 1193; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12061193 - 31 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2465
Abstract
The benefits of physical exercise on health are diminished when it is non-planned, strenuous, or vigorous, which causes an increase in oxygen consumption and production of free radicals, particularly serious at the muscular level. Ubiquinol could help achieve an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and ergogenic [...] Read more.
The benefits of physical exercise on health are diminished when it is non-planned, strenuous, or vigorous, which causes an increase in oxygen consumption and production of free radicals, particularly serious at the muscular level. Ubiquinol could help achieve an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and ergogenic effect. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether a supplementation of ubiquinol during a short period could have a positive effect on muscle aggression, physical performance, and fatigue perception in non-elite athletes after high intensity circuit weight training. One hundred healthy and well-trained men, (firemen of the Fire Department of Granada) were enrolled in a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and randomized study, and separated into two groups: the placebo group (PG, n = 50); and the ubiquinol group (UG, n = 50), supplemented with an oral dose. Before and after the intervention, data related to the number of repetitions, muscle strength, and perceived exertion, as well as blood samples were collected. An increase was observed in the UG regarding average load and repetitions, revealing an improvement in muscle performance. Ubiquinol supplementation also reduced muscle damage markers, showing a protective effect on muscle fibers. Therefore, this study provides evidence that ubiquinol supplementation improves muscle performance and prevents muscle damage after strenuous exercise in a population of well-trained individuals who are not elite athletes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Skeletal Muscle Physiological and Pathological Conditions)
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15 pages, 2615 KiB  
Article
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Caffeine on Muscle under Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation
by Tuany Eichwald, Alexandre Francisco Solano, Jennyffer Souza, Taís Browne de Miranda, Liebert Bernardes Carvalho, Paula Lemes dos Santos Sanna, Rodrigo A. Foganholi da Silva and Alexandra Latini
Antioxidants 2023, 12(3), 554; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030554 - 23 Feb 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2681
Abstract
Evidence has shown that caffeine administration reduces pro-inflammatory biomarkers, delaying fatigue and improving endurance performance. This study examined the effects of caffeine administration on the expression of inflammatory-, adenosine receptor- (the targets of caffeine), epigenetic-, and oxidative metabolism-linked genes in the vastus lateralis [...] Read more.
Evidence has shown that caffeine administration reduces pro-inflammatory biomarkers, delaying fatigue and improving endurance performance. This study examined the effects of caffeine administration on the expression of inflammatory-, adenosine receptor- (the targets of caffeine), epigenetic-, and oxidative metabolism-linked genes in the vastus lateralis muscle of mice submitted to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. We showed that caffeine pre-treatment before LPS administration reduced the expression of Il1b, Il6, and Tnfa, and increased Il10 and Il13. The negative modulation of the inflammatory response induced by caffeine involved the reduction of inflammasome components, Asc and Casp1, promoting an anti-inflammatory scenario. Caffeine treatment per se promoted the upregulation of adenosinergic receptors, Adora1 and Adora2A, an effect that was counterbalanced by LPS. Moreover, there was observed a marked Adora2A promoter hypermethylation, which could represent a compensatory response towards the increased Adora2A expression. Though caffeine administration did not alter DNA methylation patterns, the expression of DNA demethylating enzymes, Tet1 and Tet2, was increased in mice receiving Caffeine+LPS, when compared with the basal condition. Finally, caffeine administration attenuated the LPS-induced catabolic state, by rescuing basal levels of Ampk expression. Altogether, the anti-inflammatory effects of caffeine in the muscle can be mediated by modifications on the epigenetic landscape. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Skeletal Muscle Physiological and Pathological Conditions)
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11 pages, 948 KiB  
Communication
OxInflammation at High Altitudes: A Proof of Concept from the Himalayas
by Simona Mrakic-Sposta, Denise Biagini, Danilo Bondi, Tiziana Pietrangelo, Alessandra Vezzoli, Tommaso Lomonaco, Fabio Di Francesco and Vittore Verratti
Antioxidants 2022, 11(2), 368; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020368 - 11 Feb 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2087
Abstract
High-altitude locations are fascinating for investigating biological and physiological responses in humans. In this work, we studied the high-altitude response in the plasma and urine of six healthy adult trekkers, who participated in a trek in Nepal that covered 300 km in 19 [...] Read more.
High-altitude locations are fascinating for investigating biological and physiological responses in humans. In this work, we studied the high-altitude response in the plasma and urine of six healthy adult trekkers, who participated in a trek in Nepal that covered 300 km in 19 days along a route in the Kanchenjunga Mountain and up to a maximum altitude of 5140 m. Post-trek results showed an unbalance in redox status, with an upregulation of ROS (+19%), NOx (+28%), neopterin (+50%), and pro-inflammatory prostanoids, such as PGE2 (+120%) and 15-deoxy-delta12,14-PGJ2 (+233%). The isoprostane 15-F2t-IsoP was associated with low levels of TAC (−18%), amino-thiols, omega-3 PUFAs, and anti-inflammatory CYP450 EPA-derived mediators, such as DiHETEs. The deterioration of antioxidant systems paves the way to the overload of redox and inflammative markers, as triggered by the combined physical and hypoxic stressors. Our data underline the link between oxidative stress and inflammation, which is related to the concept of OxInflammation into the altitude hypoxia fashion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Skeletal Muscle Physiological and Pathological Conditions)
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17 pages, 2292 KiB  
Systematic Review
Can Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) Minimize Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Thiago De Marchi, João Vitor Ferlito, Marcos Vinicius Ferlito, Mirian Salvador and Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior
Antioxidants 2022, 11(9), 1671; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091671 - 27 Aug 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2687
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by exercise has been a research field in constant growth, due to its relationship with the processes of fatigue, decreased production of muscle strength, and its ability to cause damage to the cell. In this context, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress induced by exercise has been a research field in constant growth, due to its relationship with the processes of fatigue, decreased production of muscle strength, and its ability to cause damage to the cell. In this context, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has emerged as a resource capable of improving performance, while reducing muscle fatigue and muscle damage. To analyze the effects of PBMT about exercise-induced oxidative stress and compare with placebo therapy. Data Sources: Databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, PeDro, and Virtual Health Library, which include Lilacs, Medline, and SciELO, were searched to find published studies. Study Selection: There was no year or language restriction; randomized clinical trials with healthy subjects that compared the application (before or after exercise) of PBMT to placebo therapy were included. Study Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Level of Evidence: 1. Data Extraction: Data on the characteristics of the volunteers, study design, intervention parameters, exercise protocol and oxidative stress biomarkers were extracted. The risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence were assessed using the PEDro scale and the GRADE system, respectively. Results: Eight studies (n = 140 participants) were eligible for this review, with moderate to excellent methodological quality. In particular, PBMT was able to reduce damage to lipids post exercise (SMD = −0.72, CI 95% −1.42 to −0.02, I2 = 77%, p = 0.04) and proteins (SMD = −0.41, CI 95% −0.65 to −0.16, I2 = 0%, p = 0.001) until 72 h and 96 h, respectively. In addition, it increased the activity of SOD enzymes (SMD = 0.54, CI 95% 0.07 to 1.02, I2 = 42%, p = 0.02) post exercise, 48 and 96 h after irradiation. However, PBMT did not increase CAT activity (MD = 0.18 CI 95% −0.56 to 0.91, I2 = 79%, p = 0.64) post exercise. We did not find any difference in TAC or GPx biomarkers. Conclusion: Low to moderate certainty evidence shows that PBMT is a resource that can reduce oxidative damage and increase enzymatic antioxidant activity post exercise. We found evidence to support that one session of PBMT can modulate the redox metabolism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Skeletal Muscle Physiological and Pathological Conditions)
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