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Data-Driven Methods for Design and Analysis of Electromagnetic Devices: 2nd Edition

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2025 | Viewed by 8808

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Gang Lei

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Guest Editor

School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
Interests: computational electromagnetics; advanced electrical machines and drive systems for electric vehicles; optimal energy management systems for microgrids and virtual power plants; multidisciplinary design optimization methods based on AI and cloud services
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Prof. Dr. Youguang Guo

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
Interests: advanced electrical machine design and optimization; measurement and modeling of magnetic properties of magnetic materials; multi-disciplinary analysis and system-level robust optimisation of electromagnetic devices; electric motor drives and control
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Prof. Dr. Jianguo Zhu

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Guest Editor

School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
Interests: electromagnetic and coupled multi-physical field analysis; measurement and modeling of magnetic properties of materials; optimum design of electromagnetic devices and systems; novel electrical machines and drive systems, power systems, and renewable energy technologies
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Prof. Dr. Yujiao Zhang

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Guest Editor

School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
Interests: electromagnetic field; numerical analysis; multi-physics coupling and its application in engineering
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Dr. Bo Ma

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Guest Editor Assistant

College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
Interests: multi-physical field analysis; topology optimization methods; design and thermal management of electrical machines and drive systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electromagnetic devices have been widely employed in domestic appliances and industrial equipment, for example, as electrical drive systems for electrical vehicles. In the context of Industry 4.0, their analysis methods are experiencing significant progress and innovation due to the integration of industrial big data. To facilitate this progress, data-driven approaches have been investigated in the modelling, design, optimization, condition monitoring, and reliability and robustness evaluation of electromagnetic devices and systems, such as the data-driven design optimization method in permanent magnet motors in electric vehicles and data-driven fault diagnosis methods for wind power generators. These new models and analysis methods will benefit the development of digital twin for electromagnetic devices.

This Special Issue aims to present a collection of scientific manuscripts covering the theoretical and practical aspects associated with data-driven methods for the design and analysis of electromagnetic devices and systems. State-of-the-art and emerging developments in this field are welcome. Topics may include, but are not limited to, the following:

Model-based analysis and design optimization of electromagnetic devices;
Data-driven modelling of electromagnetic devices;
Data-driven design optimization of electromagnetic devices;
Data-driven methods for the devices’ control systems;
Data-driven condition monitoring methods for electromagnetic devices;
Evaluation of reliability and robustness;
Hybrid data-driven and model-based methods.

Dr. Gang Lei
Prof. Dr. Youguang Guo
Prof. Dr. Jianguo Zhu
Prof. Dr. Yujiao Zhang
Guest Editors

Dr. Bo Ma
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

model-based analysis and design optimization of electromagnetic devices
data-driven modelling of electromagnetic devices
data-driven design optimization of electromagnetic devices
data-driven methods for the devices’ control systems
data-driven condition monitoring methods for electromagnetic devices
evaluation of reliability and robustness
hybrid data-driven and model-based methods

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Published Papers (9 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 2652 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adoption of Multiphase and Variable Flux Motors in Automotive Applications

by Beñat Arribas, Gaizka Almandoz, Aritz Egea, Patxi Madina and Ion Iturbe

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(23), 10932; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142310932 - 25 Nov 2024

Viewed by 415

Abstract

This paper investigates the incorporation of multiphase (MP) and variable flux (VF) permanent magnet motors to electric vehicles (EVs). A literature review is carried out first, which covers the characteristics, benefits and challenges of both motor configurations. MP motors, with their increased phase number, offer enhanced fault tolerance, reduced torque ripple, and improved efficiency, among other benefits. VF technology allows for dynamic adjustment of the magnetic field, optimising motor performance across various operating conditions. By integrating these technologies, this study aims to harness the benefits of both MP configurations and VF capabilities. For this reason, the Finite Element Method (FEM) is used with three-phase, MP, VF, and VF-MP motors. The main contribution is that both technologies have been implemented in a single motor to evaluate and quantify their impact together, obtaining higher torque and constant power values, lower torque ripples, and higher efficiencies in the whole working range. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data-Driven Methods for Design and Analysis of Electromagnetic Devices: 2nd Edition)

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16 pages, 4281 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Tree Quantity and Distribution on the Electric Field under Transmission Lines

by Ziyu Wang, Nana Duan, Junyu Chen, Xikun Zhou, Mengxue Lu and Shichen Zhao

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(18), 8487; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188487 - 20 Sep 2024

Viewed by 740

Abstract

The electric field of transmission lines has serious negative impacts on residents’ production and life with the expansion of high voltage engineering. In order to study the influence of trees on the electric field of ultra-high voltage transmission lines, this paper conducted three-dimensional simulation calculations of the power frequency electric field of transmission lines based on the tree quantity and distribution. Firstly, in order to study the pattern of electric field strength distribution in transmission lines, the electric field strengths of transmission lines of different voltage levels were compared; the maximum-power-frequency electric field intensity of ultra-high voltage transmission lines occurs below the edge conductor. Secondly, by changing the number of trees, it was concluded that the electric field strength below the edge conductor gradually decreases with the number of trees. Finally, the maximum electric field strength value at 1.5 m below the edge conductor and the width of the transmission corridor decreased by changing the layout of the trees. The results show that studying the impact of a tree’s electromagnetic parameters on the power frequency electric field strength under transmission lines can help reduce the electric field strength and decrease the width of transmission corridors, which is of great significance for line design and cost savings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data-Driven Methods for Design and Analysis of Electromagnetic Devices: 2nd Edition)

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18 pages, 8093 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multiphysics Optimization of a High-Speed Permanent Magnet Motor Based on Subspace and Sequential Strategy

by Honglin Yan, Guanghui Du, Wentao Gao, Yanhong Chen, Cunlong Cui and Kai Xu

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(18), 8267; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188267 - 13 Sep 2024

Viewed by 607

Abstract

In the optimization of high-speed permanent magnet motors (HSPMMs), electromagnetic characteristics, rotor stress, rotor dynamics, and temperature characteristics must all be considered simultaneously, and there are numerous optimization parameters for both the stator and rotor. These factors pose significant challenges to the multiphysics optimization of HSPMMs. Therefore, this paper presents a multiphysics optimization process for the HSPMM of 60 kW 30,000 rpm by combining subspace strategy and sequential strategy to mitigate the issues of high training volume and mutual coupling. Ten optimization parameters of stator and rotor are determined firstly. Then, using finite element analysis of rotor stress and rotor dynamics, the range of values for critical parameters of the rotor is established. Next, in the electromagnetic optimization, the process is divided into rotor parameter subspace and stator parameter subspace according to the subspace optimization strategy. The temperature field is also checked based on the optimization results. Finally, a prototype is manufactured and the comprehensive performance is tested to validate the multiphysics optimization process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data-Driven Methods for Design and Analysis of Electromagnetic Devices: 2nd Edition)

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12 pages, 3400 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Control System Hardware Design, Analysis and Characterization of Electromagnetic Diaphragm Pump

by Szymon Skupień, Paweł Kowol, Giacomo Capizzi and Grazia Lo Sciuto

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(17), 8043; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14178043 - 8 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1262

Abstract

In this article, a novel electromagnetic diaphragm pump design controlled by an Arduino NANO microcontroller is proposed to pump liquid inside the pumping chamber completely separated from mechanical and transmission parts. The prototype is primarily based on alternating the polarity of two electromagnets that attract or repel a permanent magnet located on a flexible diaphragm. The system hardware layout is completed by electronic components:. an Arduino NANO microcontroller created by Atmel, Headquarters San Jose, California. and display within the cabinet to control the polarization of the electromagnets and exhibit the temperature inside the pump. The electromagnetic pump and control system consist of innovative approaches as a solution for the treatment of unclean water and integration with solar panel systems. In addition, the measurement tests of the electromagnetic pump, including the temperatures of electromagnets and the quantity of the pumped liquid within the chamber, indicate a dependence on the selected speed of the electromagnet’s polarization. The electromagnetic pump achieves high efficiency as a combination of the temperature and the amount of liquid that can be regulated and controlled by the switching speed of the electromagnet’s polarization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data-Driven Methods for Design and Analysis of Electromagnetic Devices: 2nd Edition)

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19 pages, 17434 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Electromagnetic Optimization of a High-Speed Interior Permanent Magnet Motor Considering Rotor Stress

by Fang Yang, Niumei Li, Guanghui Du, Ming Huang and Zhen Kang

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(14), 6033; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14146033 - 10 Jul 2024

Viewed by 1218

Abstract

High-speed interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors require highly reliable rotors. Some measures must be adopted to improve rotor safety, but its electromagnetic performance is seriously affected. It is a challenge to achieve excellent electromagnetic characteristics while satisfying mechanical strength. This paper presents an electromagnetic optimization design of high-speed IPM motors considering rotor stress. Firstly, the permanent magnet (PM) is segmented by adding stiffeners to improve stress distribution. The effects of the bridge and stiffener thickness on the rotor stress and electromagnetic performance are analyzed. Secondly, an electromagnetic optimization model is built based on a three-segment PM rotor structure, aiming for maximum efficiency and minimum rotor core losses. Then, the initial design and optimized scheme are compared, the results show that the efficiency, safety and temperature performance of the motor are improved. Finally, a 140 kW, 18,000 rpm prototype is manufactured and tested. The above analysis provides a valuable reference for the design and widespread application of high-speed IPM motors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data-Driven Methods for Design and Analysis of Electromagnetic Devices: 2nd Edition)

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14 pages, 4570 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Utilizing MicroGenetic Algorithm for Optimal Design of Permanent-Magnet-Assisted WFSM for Traction Machines

by Han-Soo Seo, Chan-Bae Park, Seong-Hwi Kim, Gang Lei, Youguang Guo and Hyung-Woo Lee

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(12), 5150; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14125150 - 13 Jun 2024

Viewed by 856

Abstract

With increasing worries about the environment, there is a rising focus on saving energy in various industries. In the e-mobility industry of electric motors, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are widely utilized for saving energy due to their high-efficiency motor technologies. However, challenges like environmental degradation from rare earth development and difficulties in controlling magnetic field fluctuations persist. To address these issues, active research focuses on the wound field synchronous motor (WFSM), known for its ability to regulate field current efficiently across various speeds and operating conditions. Nevertheless, compared with other synchronous motors, the WFSM tends to exhibit relatively lower efficiency and torque density. Because the WFSM involves winding both the rotor and the stator, it results in increased copper and iron losses. In this article, a model that enhances torque density by inserting permanent magnets (PMs) into the rotor of the basic WFSM is proposed. This proposed model bolsters the d axis magnetic flux, thereby enhancing the motor’s overall performance while addressing environmental concerns related to rare-earth materials and potentially reducing manufacturing costs when compared with those of the PMSM. The research methodology involves a comprehensive sensitivity analysis to identify key design variables, followed by sampling using optimal Latin hypercube design (OLHD). A surrogate model is then constructed using the kriging interpolation technique, and the optimization process employs a micro-genetic algorithm (MGA) to derive the optimal model configuration. The algorithm was performed to minimize the use of PMs when the same torque as that of the basic WFSM is present, and to reduce torque ripple. Error assessment is conducted through comparisons with finite element method (FEM) simulations. The optimized permanent-magnet-assisted WFSM (PMa-WFSM) model improved efficiency by 1.08% when it was the same size as the basic WFSM, and the torque ripple decreased by 5.43%. The proposed PMa-WFSM derived from this article is expected to be suitable for use in the e-mobility industry as a replacement for PMSM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data-Driven Methods for Design and Analysis of Electromagnetic Devices: 2nd Edition)

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12 pages, 2811 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Time-Domain Shielding Effectiveness of Lightweight Metallized Carbon Fiber Composite Chassis

by Le Cao, Cheng-Zhi Yuan, Hao-Wei Yuan, Guang-Hui Du, Tian-Yi Zhang and Xu-Qing Liu

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(11), 4361; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14114361 - 21 May 2024

Viewed by 742

Abstract

Electromagnetic interference poses a significant challenge to the reliability and performance of electronic equipment, particularly in the aerospace and aviation sectors where the demand for high-performance electromagnetic shielding materials is paramount. This study introduces an innovative solution: a lightweight nickel-plated carbon fiber composite chassis, designed to meet these stringent requirements. Through comparative analysis, we prove that this composite chassis is not only comparable to traditional metal chassis in terms of time-domain shielding effect, but also close to traditional metal chassis in terms of heat dissipation capability. Notably, it achieves a substantial weight reduction of 71.43% to 76.25% compared to its metal counterparts, addressing the critical need for lighter materials in aerospace applications. The superior heat dissipation feature of the nickel-plated carbon fiber composite, quantitatively superior to conventional materials, indicates its potential to enhance the operational efficiency and safety of aerospace electronics. This research underscores the viability of nickel-plated carbon fiber composites as a groundbreaking material for electromagnetic shielding, promising significant advancements in aerospace and beyond. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data-Driven Methods for Design and Analysis of Electromagnetic Devices: 2nd Edition)

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19 pages, 7710 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Investigation into the Pole–Slot Ratio and Optimization of a Low-Speed and High-Torque Permanent Magnet Motor

by Zhongqi Liu, Guiyuan Zhang and Guanghui Du

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 3983; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14103983 - 8 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 843

Abstract

At present, low-speed high-torque permanent magnet motors are widely used in the sampling industry, manufacturing industry and energy industry. However, the research on low-speed high-torque permanent magnet motors is far from enough. The primary difficulty in the initial design of low-speed high-torque permanent magnet motors is the selection of pole–slot ratio. The pole–slot ratio has a great influence on the electromagnetic performance such as torque ripple and the maximum output torque of low-speed motors. Choosing the appropriate pole–slot ratio scheme can make the design of a low-speed motor more efficient. In addition, the optimization design of the motor is also a necessary process. At present, there are many studies on optimization algorithms. However, the research on sample point sampling and surrogate model fitting is not enough. Choosing the appropriate sample point sampling method and surrogate model fitting method can help one obtain a more accurate surrogate model, which lays a foundation for the optimization of the motor. Based on the above analysis, this paper first selects four representative pole–slot ratio schemes for comprehensive comparison of their electromagnetic performances. Secondly, two sample point sampling methods and three surrogate model fitting methods are combined to obtain six surrogate models, and the accuracy of the six surrogate models is compared and analyzed. Finally, a 37kW,160rpm prototype is made, and the comparison of the surrogate model optimization prediction results, the finite element simulation calculation results and the measured results is carried out to further prove the accuracy of the selected surrogate model. The work performed in this paper provides a certain reference value for the initial design and optimization experiment design of low-speed high-torque permanent magnet motor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data-Driven Methods for Design and Analysis of Electromagnetic Devices: 2nd Edition)

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17 pages, 2464 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comprehensive Evaluation of NIMBY Phenomenon with Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and Radar Chart

by Jian Wu, Ziyu Wang, Xiaochun Bai and Nana Duan

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 2654; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062654 - 21 Mar 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1180

Abstract

The risk level of the NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard) phenomenon is crucial for the safety and economy of transmission and transformation projects which is rarely studied, especially for site selection and the construction of transmission lines and substations. In order to effectively evaluate the risk level to solve the dilemma caused by the NIMBY phenomenon, an evaluation method for quantifying the level of the NIMBY phenomenon is proposed. In this paper, thirty-one evaluation criteria and a risk model are put forward according to relevant laws and regulations that should be followed in the transmission and transformation project in China, then the scores corresponding to these criteria are obtained by a questionnaire survey. The radar chart method and minimum area method are applied to determine the weights of the element and unit layers. Furthermore, the overall risk level is evaluated by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. In addition, a transmission and transformation project in Xi’an City, China, is used as an example to verify the correction of the risk model and its evaluation method. The results show that the weaknesses in the transmission and transformation project are analyzed, and suggestions for decreasing the risk level are put forward to minimize losses due to the NIMBY phenomenon. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data-Driven Methods for Design and Analysis of Electromagnetic Devices: 2nd Edition)

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