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Applied Sciences
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Recent Advances in the Effect of Blast Loads on Structures
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Recent Advances in the Effect of Blast Loads on Structures

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Civil Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2024) | Viewed by 2523

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Lucia Figuli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Security Engineering, University of Žilina, 010 08 Žilina, Slovakia
Interests: blast wave propagation; blast load; dynamic analysis; structural analysis; finite element analysis; constructions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Chiara Bedon

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio, 6/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
Interests: sustainability; numerical simulation; structural analysis; structural dynamics; constructions; finite element analysis; numerical modelling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Tünde Anna Kovács

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Materials Technology, Óbuda University, Népszínház u. 8, 1081 Budapest, Hungary
Interests: material sciences; blast protection; explosive welding
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jovan Trajkovski

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Faculty Of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: mechanical engineering; numerical modelling; blast load
Dr. Zuzana Zvakova

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Faculty of Security Engineering, University of Žilina, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia
Interests: blast protection; blast wave propagation; security forces; security management; burglar resistance

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Although the presence of explosives in various areas has been present for centuries, their effect and interaction with structures is still poorly understood because of the interdisciplinary aspect of the issue. With the deterioration of the global security situation in recent years, the question of the effect of explosion on structures has become very topical. Studying the effects of blast loads on structures can be important from two perspectives: studying blast resistance to protect structures or to carry out the intended demolition of structures.  The positive effects of explosives are also used in areas of rock excavations and explosive welding. For these reasons, this Special Issue intends to present new ideas and experimental results in the various fields where blasts and explosives are present.

This Special Issue will publish high-quality, original research papers in these areas:

  • Blast wave propagation;
  • Setting of blast wave parameters;
  • Behaviour of blast loaded structures;
  • Mechanical properties of blast loaded materials;
  • Numerical modelling;
  • Demolition of structures using explosives;
  • Excavation using explosives;
  • Protection of structures against blast;
  • Explosive welding;
  • Technical seismicity induced by explosion.

Dr. Lucia Figuli
Dr. Chiara Bedon
Dr. Tünde Anna Kovács
Dr. Jovan Trajkovski
Dr. Zuzana Zvakova
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • blast load
  • blast wave propagation
  • numerical modeling
  • blast demolition
  • protection against blast
  • blast excavation
  • blast material parameters

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 7103 KiB  
Article
Research on Optimization of an Open-Bench Deep-Hole Blasting Parameter Using an Improved Gray Wolf Algorithm
by Li Zhao, Dengfeng Su, Zhengguo Li, Banghong Chen, Rui Wang and Rongkai Chen
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 3514; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14083514 - 22 Apr 2024
Viewed by 285
Abstract
The blasting quality of open-pit mining can be enhanced and the production cost of stope reduced by establishing a mathematical model for step drilling and blasting costs based on stope consumption. By enhancing the Gray Wolf algorithm, the parameters for step drilling and [...] Read more.
The blasting quality of open-pit mining can be enhanced and the production cost of stope reduced by establishing a mathematical model for step drilling and blasting costs based on stope consumption. By enhancing the Gray Wolf algorithm, the parameters for step drilling and blasting are optimized, resulting in improved effectiveness for step blasting mining, as demonstrated through modeling and calculation. The enhanced Gray Wolf algorithm effectively enhances the blasting performance, reduces production costs, and increases production efficiency. Taking a limestone mine as an example, the optimized drilling and blasting parameters are as follows: hole spacing of 4.62 m, row spacing of 4 m, and explosive consumption rate of 0.23 kg/t; based on these parameters, the stope’s production cost is reduced to CNY 7.7. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in the Effect of Blast Loads on Structures)
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31 pages, 6231 KiB  
Article
Cylindrical Steel Tanks Subjected to Long-Duration and High-Pressure Triangular Blast Load: Current Practice and a Numerical Case Study
by Julia Rosin, Alessandro Stocchi, Norman Bruckhaus, Johanna Heyner, Philipp Weidner and Till Waas
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 3465; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14083465 - 19 Apr 2024
Viewed by 346
Abstract
This paper presents an investigation into the design of ammonia tanks for long-duration and high-pressure blast loads. The focus is on cylindrical steel tanks that apply as outer pressure-tight containers for double-walled tanks storing refrigerated liquefied gases. Based on limited empirical data, it [...] Read more.
This paper presents an investigation into the design of ammonia tanks for long-duration and high-pressure blast loads. The focus is on cylindrical steel tanks that apply as outer pressure-tight containers for double-walled tanks storing refrigerated liquefied gases. Based on limited empirical data, it is known in the tank industry that these tanks can withstand an explosion pressure up to a peak overpressure of approximately 10 kPa and 100 ms positive load duration. However, there is a growing need to design tanks for higher peak overpressures in order to establish a higher safety standard and accommodate unforeseen future requirements. This paper explores the concept of adapting established steel tank designs to handle high-pressure and long-duration overpressure due to blast events. Numerical analysis is conducted on a representative steel tank geometry subjected to a triangular blast load of 30 kPa with a 300 ms positive load duration. Various load application and calculation options are analyzed numerically. Considering the challenging nature of analyzing tank structures under blast load, the paper addresses controversial aspects discussed in the literature and presents a suitable analysis concept for a deflagration blast scenario for cylindrical tanks. The results provide insights into the expected structural behavior of the tank under high-pressure and long-duration overpressure. The main finding is that the calculation method developed in this study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing steel tanks in scenarios involving long-duration and high-pressure blast loads. Furthermore, the paper provides recommendations to guide future studies in this area. The findings have implications for the design and construction of tanks in critical infrastructure and offer valuable insights for engineers and researchers in this field, improving safety standards and ensuring adaptability to future utilization concepts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in the Effect of Blast Loads on Structures)
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25 pages, 7337 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Influence of Silty Sands Moisture Content and Impact Velocity in SHPB Testing on Their Compactability and Change in Granulometric Composition
by Kamil Sobczyk, Ryszard Chmielewski, Leopold Kruszka and Ryszard Rekucki
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(8), 4707; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13084707 - 08 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1079
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a test cycle of two types of silty sand (siSa) with different contents of fine fractions. Fine fractions are understood as soil grains with a grain diameter of less than 63 µm (as the sum [...] Read more.
This paper presents the results of a test cycle of two types of silty sand (siSa) with different contents of fine fractions. Fine fractions are understood as soil grains with a grain diameter of less than 63 µm (as the sum of silt and clay fractions). The soils tested had a content of fine fractions of fSi+Cl,1 = 15.14% and fSi+Cl,2 = 20.48%, respectively, before the study. Changes in the content of these fractions after the experiments were analyzed. These experiments consisted of dynamic bar projectile impact loading, and a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test stand was used in the study. Changes in the granulometric composition of the silty sands studied were carried out in a laser particle size analyzer, allowing measurement of fractional content in the grain size range from 0.01 µm to 3500 µm. As a result, a summary of changes in soil grain size curves in the range of fine fractions was compiled. Repeated trends were observed in the changes in the granulometric composition of the soil samples as a function of the moisture content of the soil sample (w1 = 0%, w2 = 5%, w3 = 10%, and w4 = 15%) and the impact velocity of the loading bar projectile for SHPB pneumatic launcher pressures (p1 = 1.2 bar → v1 = 12.76 m/s, p2 = 1.8 bar → v2 = 17.69 m/s and p3 = 2.4 bar → v3 = 21.32 m/s). The influence of the initial moisture content of the investigated soil on the value of the optimum moisture content obtained during its dynamic compaction was discussed. The trend in the behavior of the change in the granulometric composition of the tested samples was determined, taking the value of the initial moisture content of the soil in relation to the optimum moisture content of the reference sample as a reference. The largest percentage change in granulometric composition through an increase in the value of the silt and clay fraction relative to the reference sample fSi+Cl for both types of silty sand tested occurs for the same moisture content variant w2 = 5%–for soil fSi+Cl,1 = 15.14% there is an increase in the fine fraction of 11.08% and for soil fSi+Cl,2 = 20.48% there is an increase in the fine fraction of 15.17%. In general, it can be seen that more silty soil is more strongly susceptible to the phenomenon of grain crushing for moisture content w1 = 0% and w2 = 5% less than its optimum moisture content wopt,1 = 8.70%. In contrast, less silty soil is more susceptible to the phenomenon of grain crushing for moisture contents w3 = 10% and w4 = 15% greater than its optimum moisture content wopt,2 = 9.20%. The presented dynamic physical phenomenon of soil behavior is crucial during explosive and impact impacts on structures made of soil, e.g., as ground protection layers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in the Effect of Blast Loads on Structures)
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